Term
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Definition
- gram+, α hemolytic, sensitive to optochin
- encapsulated
- 60% of pneumonias
- treated with penicillin or macrolides
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Term
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Definition
- small gram- rods, mostly encapsulated
- grows on chocolate agar (NAD + Hemin)
- virulence
- IgAase
- neuraminidase and endotoxin
- extracts Fe and heme from Fe-binding proteins
- capsule
- Diagnosis - growth on chocolate agar, Hib Ag by latex agglutination, PCR
- Treatment
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Term
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Definition
- gram-, oxidase+
- otitis media, sinusitis, laryngitis, bronchitis
- 90% produce β-lactamase, vanco resistant
- Treatment: cephalosporins, azythromycin
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Term
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Definition
- gram-, hard to stain, often motile pleomorphic rods
- facultative intracellular organism (grow in macrophages)
- not virulent when grown on agar
- opportunistic
- Legionnaire's disease and Pontiac fever
- Diagnosis
- florescent Ab
- culture on special medium
- serological detection of Ab in blood
- Treatment - antibiotics that penetrate macrophages
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Term
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Definition
- gram- encapsulated rod
- enterobacteriacea that causes pneumonia and UTIs
- facultative anaerobe
- opportunistic
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Term
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Definition
- gram-, oxidase+ rods with polar flagella
- fast growing colonies with minimal requirements and fruity smell
- virulence
- adhesins (pili)
- flagella
- alginate (slime)
- ADP ribosylases (exotoxin A and exoenzymes)
- endotoxin
- elastase
- opportunistic, CF pts, otitis externa
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Term
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Definition
- atypical or walking pneumonia
- presumptive diagnosis based on severity and lack of responsiveness to penicillins
- bacteria lack cell wall and contain sterols in plasma membrane
- facultative intracellular organisms
- small genomes
- evades immune system with variable surface Ag
- pathogenesis
- tip structure that binds host receptor
- organsims b/x ciliated cells --> stop cilia from beating
- replicates in intracellular space
- produces biofilms enabling drug and complement resistance
- diagnosis
- serum cold agglutination
- slow growing --> fried egg colonies
- fluorescent Ab to sputum
- PCR
- Treatment - erythromycin, tetracycline, or quinolones
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Term
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Definition
- obligate intracellular gram- energy parasite
- life cycle
- EB - small extracellular form responsible for transmitting infection to new cells
- RB - larger metabolically active form that replicates within macrophages
- pathogenesis
- atypical or walking pneumonia
- may be linked to atherosclerosis, inflammatory arthritis, Alzheimer's
- diagnosis confirmed by demonstrating macrophages contain inclusion bodies and by fluorescent Ab staining
- treat with tetracycline or erythromycin
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Term
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Definition
- cause of psittacosis, ornithosis, or parrot fever
- systemic infection with pneumonia, hepatitis, and endocarditisi
- spread by inhalation - bird feces
- risk groups
- lower incidence believed to be dur to antibiotics in poultry feed stocks
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