Term
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Definition
Gram (+) diplococci, alpha-hemolytic, opt sensitive, capsular, catalase (-)
Disease:
1. Causes 60% of pneumonia cases
2. Most common cause of meningitis in adults (over 30 years)
Vaccine: polyvalent and conjugated |
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Term
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Definition
Typical pneumonia
Gm -
Commensal in 1/2 children and elderly |
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Term
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Definition
Severe pneumonia
Pontiac fever (less severe)
Gm -, Opportunistic, amoeba or macrophages
Grow on charcoal yeast extract culture
Environmental water source
Treat w/ erythromycin
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Term
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Definition
| Enterobacteraceae gm -, lac +, facultative anaerobe pneumonia in hospitals and alcoholics |
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Term
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Definition
Gm -
Pneumonia in CF patients
Nosocomial |
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Term
| Haemophilus influenzae type b |
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Definition
Pneumonia (opportunistic) and meningitis in children 6 m - 4 yrs
Hib Vaccine: Hib-PrP capsular antigen
Diagnosis: NAD and Hemin (X, V factor respectively), chocolate agar |
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Term
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Definition
Atypical pneumonia no cell walls, sterols treat w/ antibiotics that don't attack cell walls
Sequela: Guillan Barre Syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
Gm (-), obligate intracellular pathogen
Atypical walking pneumonia
EB/RB forms |
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Term
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Definition
Gm (-), obligate intracellular pathogen
Atypical walking pneumonia
Parrot fever |
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Term
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Definition
Acid-fast, 40% lipid wall, mycolic acids, aerobic, catalase (+), slow growth rate, facultative intracellular growth in macrophages
Nonmotile, no capuse, no pili, no exotoxin/endotoxin
Causes Primary (Ghon complex) and/or Secondary TB disease (pulmonary or extrapulmonary) |
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Term
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Definition
Acid-fast, slow growing, obligatory intracellular parasite, cat (+) Contagious after prolonged contact Clinical: Tuberculoid (granulomas) when CMI active Lepromatous: (skin lesions, leonine facies deformations) when CMI defective
Tx: oral dapson (toxicity - hemolysis and methemoglobinemia) |
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Term
| M. avium-Intracellular Complex (MAC) |
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Definition
TB-like disease in immunocompromised
Systemic in AIDS patients |
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Term
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Definition
Photo-chromogenic mycobacterium
Pulmonary TB |
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Term
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Definition
Type of Antinomycosis: opportunistic, branched filamentous growth
Anearobic, Gm (+), not acid fast
Facial and neck sulfur granules |
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Term
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Definition
Type of Antinomycosis: opportunistic, branched filamentous growth
Acid-fast, aerobic |
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Term
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Definition
Vibrionaceae family lacatose (-), oxidase (+), Hektoen (-) In contaminated water (seafood)
Toxin - ADP ribosylation of G protein --> AC --> Cl- into lumen of gut, decreasing Na+ absorption --> H2O --> severe diahrrhea |
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Term
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Definition
Gm (-), oxidase (-), Hektoen (+), MacConkey agar, motile
ETEC (traveller's), EHEC (Hemorrhagic), EIEC, EPEC (pediatric)
Family enterobacteriaceae |
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Term
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Definition
SMAC (-), 0157:H7, shiga toxin
Dysentery, HUS, renal & CNS complications, hemolytic anemia
Family enterobacteriaceae |
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Term
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Definition
Gm (-), lactose (-), oxidase (-), no H2S
Shiga-toxin, O-antigen Cause dysentery Family enterobacteriaceae
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Term
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Definition
| Family vibrionaceae Gm -, campy agar, urease - (if +, H. pylori), found in birds (poultry, eggs) Cause dysentery |
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Term
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Definition
| spp. tyhpi (survive in macrophage) and enteritidis lactose -, oxidase -, H2S +, dysentery Contaminated food/water Typhoid fever: systemic, rash Gastroenteritis: most common cause of food poisoning Family enterobacteriaceae |
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Term
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Definition
spp. parahemolyticus, vulnificus
Dysentery
In shell fish
oxidase + |
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Term
|
Definition
Dysentery
zoonotic (daycares)
pseudoappendicitis |
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Term
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Definition
Gram (+) aerobic, spore-forming rod
Food poisoning: Emetic and colonizing (GI) |
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Term
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Definition
Gram (+) spore-forming rod (toxigenic)
Opportunistic with/after antibiotic use: toxin causes dysentery |
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Term
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Definition
family vibrionaceae Gm - rod, urease +
ability to survive in acidic stomach (creates alkaline environment)- causes peptic and duodenal ulcers
Tx: triple therapy: metronidazole, omeprazole, clarithromycin |
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Term
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Definition
Gm (-), cat (+), maltose non-fermenter, Thayer-martin media
Urethritis, penile discharge (often cryptic in females) (STD) Phage (pilE) and Antigenic (pilS) variation) |
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Term
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Definition
Gm (-) obligate intracellular pathogen
Cause: urethritis and lymphogranuloma venereum
EB/RB phase cycle
Diagnosis by PCR or LCR from DNA from cervical specimen (female)/ first streem urine (male) |
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Term
|
Definition
Syphilis
Gm (-) spirochete-helical protoplasmic cylinder, motile, grown in rabbit testicles
Syphilis: spirochetes can be detected in chancre fluid (non-specific followed by specific Ab tests)
Primary, Secondary, tertiary, latent, and congenital forms |
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Term
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Definition
1. Meningococcemia, (2) Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome (hemorrhage) (3) sequela: hearing loss and mental retardation
Affects closed groups, c5-c9 deficiencies, sub-saharan africa (neonates IgG immune)
Gm - diplococci, chocolate agar |
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Term
| Streptococcus Agalactide (GBS) |
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Definition
| Found in Genitourinary tract and lower GI Neonatal sepsis, meningitis, post-partum sepsis Other causes of neonatal meningitis: Listeria monocytogenes, E coli, staph A, Enterococcus |
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Term
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Definition
Bubonic plague
Gm - coccobacilli
Rat flea (coagulase)
Death in 7-10 days |
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Term
|
Definition
Tularemia- deerfly fever
gm- coccobacilli
don't play with dead mammals/birds!
insect bites |
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Term
| Brucella melitensis, abortus |
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Definition
Brucellosis-Malta fever
Gm - coccobacilli
milk from cows (vaccinate cows and pasteurize milk to prevent) |
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Term
|
Definition
Gm - coccobacilli
dog bite |
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Term
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Definition
Lyme disease, deer tick
-Early localized, early disseminated (CNS), and Late (chronic) stage
-sequela due to antigenic switching
Spirochete
Doxycilin |
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Term
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Definition
Gram positive spore-forming rod
In sheep |
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Term
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Definition
Gram positive non-spore forming rod
Neonatal meningitis
In fertilizer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
Wood/dog tick
Rash starts from periphery and migrate to the trunk
Gm- obligate intracellular pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
Endemic Louse-borne Typhus
(Brill-zinsser disease- relapse)
Gm- obligate intracellular pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
Endemic Murine Typhus (rat tick)
Gm- obligate intracellular pathogen |
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Term
|
Definition
Scrub typhus (mites)
Gm- obligate intracellular pathogen |
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Term
|
Definition
Rickettsia Pox
Gm- obligate intracellular pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
Ehlrichiosis (multiplies in WBCs)
Lymes-like |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| Corneybacterium diptheriae |
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Definition
Gm + non-spore forming rod
Diptheria toxin: Simple A-B (ADP-ribosylates EF, repressed by iron)
Mucoid coat in throat (can spread to heart and peripheral nerves)
D(PT) vaccine
Diagnosis: potassium tellurite agar |
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Term
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Definition
Gm- coccoid
Pertussis toxin: complex A-B (ADP ribosylates Gi ==> increases cAMP)
Whooping cough
(D)P(T) vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
Opportunistic (Pneumonia in CF patients)
Gm - rod, lac-, ox+
Toxin: ExoS-ADP ribosylates G proteins
ExoA-simple A-B-ribosylates EF2 |
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Term
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Definition
Opportunistic (Pneumonia in CF patients)
Gm - rod, lac-, ox+
Toxin: ExoS-ADP ribosylates G proteins
ExoA-simple A-B-ribosylates EF2 |
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Term
|
Definition
Gm + spore forming rod
Toxin: enzymes cleaves secretory proteins in inhibitory neurons blocking NT release
CNS, lock jaw |
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Term
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Definition
Gm + spore forming rod
Toxin: endopeptidase blocks release of Ach (paralysis)
Food intoxication, infant/wound
Antitoxin |
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Term
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Definition
Gas Gangrene (muscle necrosis)
Gm + spore forming rod (anaerobe)
Toxins: lecithinase, enterotoxin, degredative enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
Gm+, cat +, coagulase +, beta-hemolytic,
Virulence: Protein A, clumping factor (antiphagocytic)
Infections: suppurulent skin, toxigenic (TSS, SSSS, food poisoning intoxication) |
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Term
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Definition
Gm +, cat +, coagulase -, novobiocin sensitive (NO StRES)
endocarditis, septicemia |
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Term
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Definition
gm +, cat +, coagulase -, novobiocin resistant (NO StRES)
UTIs |
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Term
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Definition
Gm +, cat-, Beta-hemolytic, Group A
Virulence factors: M protein, enzymes (invade and spread), SPE (A,B,C,E)
Infections:
1.Pharyngitis (can lead to ARF)
2. Skin (can lead to AGN, TSLS)
3. Toxigenic (Scarlet fever, TSLS)
4. Necrotizing fasciitis + pneumonia
Sequela: ARF, AGN |
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Term
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Definition
Gm +, cat-, Beta hemolytic, Group B (GBS)
lower GI and Genitourinary tract
Neonatal sepsis, meningitis, post partum sepsis |
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Term
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Definition
Gm +, cat-, alpha/non hemolytic, Group D, sodium -
Endocarditis, bacteremia |
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Term
| Enterococcus faecalis/faecium |
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Definition
Gm +, cat-, alpha/non hemolytic, Group D, sodium +
UTIs
TGEs --> antibiotic resistance |
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Term
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Definition
Gm +, cat-, alpha hemolytic, opt sensitive (OVRPS)
pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis |
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Term
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Definition
Gm +, cat-, alpha hemolytic, opt resistant (OVRPS)
Dental caries, heart problems
Treat dental pt prophylactically if heart problems exist |
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