Details

Title: Bacteria

Description: All Lectures

Total Flash Cards: 63

Created: 09/20/2009 11:37:06

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Additional Microbiology Flashcards

Cards in this set:

Term
Streptococcus pneumoniae
 Definition
Gram (+) diplococci, alpha-hemolytic, opt sensitive, capsular, catalase (-)

Disease:
1. Causes 60% of pneumonia cases
2. Most common cause of meningitis in adults (over 30 years)

Vaccine: polyvalent and conjugated
Term
Moraxella catarrhalis
 Definition
Typical pneumonia

Gm -

Commensal in 1/2 children and elderly
Term
Legionella pneumophila
 Definition
Legionella disease (pneumonia symptoms)
Pontiac fever (less severe)

Gm -, Opportunistic, amoeba or macrophages
Term
Klebsiella pneumoniae
 Definition
Enterobacteraceae gm -, lac +, facultative anaerobe pneumonia in hospitals and alcoholics
Term
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
 Definition
Gm -

Pneumonia in CF patients
Nosocomial
Term
Haemophilus influenzae type b
 Definition
Pneumonia (opportunistic) and meningitis in children 6 m - 4 yrs

Hib Vaccine: Hib-PrP capsular antigen

Diagnosis: NAD and Hemin (X, V factor respectively), chocolate agar
Term
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
 Definition
Atyphical pneumonia

no cell walls, sterols

treat w/ antibiotics that don't attack cell walls
Term
Chlamydia pneumoniae
 Definition
Gm (-), obligate intracellular pathogen
Atypical walking pneumonia
EB/RB forms
Term
Chlamydia psitacci
 Definition
Gm (-), obligate intracellular pathogen
Atypical walking pneumonia
Parrot fever
Term
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
 Definition
Acid-fast, 40% lipid wall, mycolic acids, aerobic, catalase (+), slow growth rate, facultative intracellular growth in macrophages

Nonmotile, no capuse, no pili, no exotoxin/endotoxin

Causes Primary (Ghon complex) and/or Secondary TB disease (pulmonary or extrapulmonary)
Term
Mycobacterium leprae
 Definition
Acid-fast, slow growing, obligatory intracellular parasite, cat (+)

Contagious after prolonged contact

Clinical:
Tuberculoid Leprosy (granulomas) when CMI active
Lepromatous: (skin lesions, deformations) when CMI defective
Term
M. avium-Intracellular Complex (MAC)
 Definition
TB-like disease in immunocompromised
Systemic in AIDS patients
Term
Mycobacterium Kansasii
 Definition
Photo-chromogenic mycobacterium
Pulmonary TB
Term
Actinomyces Israelii
 Definition
Type of Antinomycosis: opportunistic, branched filamentous growth

Anearobic, Gm (+), not acid fast
Facial and neck sulfur granules
Term
Nocardiosis spp.
 Definition
Type of Antinomycosis: opportunistic, branched filamentous growth

Acid-fast, aerobic
Term
Vibrio cholerae
 Definition
Vibrionaceae family
Motile, lacatose (-), oxidase (+), Hektoen (-)

In contaminated water (seafood)

Cholera toxin - severe diahrrhea
Term
E. coli species
 Definition
Gm (-), oxidase (-), Hektoen (+), MacConkey agar, motile

ETEC (traveller's), EHEC (Hemorrhagic), EIEC, EPEC (pediatric)

Family enterobacteriaceae
Term
EHEC
 Definition
SMAC (-), 0157:H7, shiga toxin

Dysentery, HUS, renal & CNS complications, hemolytic anemia

Family enterobacteriaceae
Term
Shigella dysenteriae
 Definition
Gm (-), lactose (-), no H2S, oxidase (-)

Shiga-toxin, O-antigen

Cause dysentery

Family enterobacteriaceae
Term
Camylobacter jejuni
 Definition
Family vibrionaceae

Gm -, oxidase +, found in birds (poultry, eggs)

Cause dysentery
Term
Salmonella
 Definition
spp. tyhpi (survive in macrophage) and enteritidis lactose -, oxidase -, H2S +, dysentery Contaminated food/water Typhoid fever: systemic, rash Gastroenteritis: most common cause of food poisoning Family enterobacteriaceae
Term
Vibrio spp.
 Definition
spp. parahemolyticus, vulnificus

Dysentery

In shell fish

oxidase +
Term
Yersinia enterocolitica
 Definition
Dysentery

zoonotic (daycares)

pseudoappendicitis
Term
Bacillus cereus
 Definition
Gram (+) spore-forming rod, oxidase +

Food poisoning: Emetic and colonizing (GI)
Term
Clostridium difficile
 Definition
Gram (+) spore-forming rod (toxigenic)

Opportunistic with/after antibiotic use: toxin causes dysentery
Term
H. pylori
 Definition
family vibrionaceae

Gm - rod

ability to survive in acidic stomach- causes peptic and duodenal ulcers
Term
Neisseria Gonorrhea
 Definition
Gm (-), cat (+), oxidase (+), chocolate agar

Urethritis, penile discharge (often cryptic in females) (STD)

Phage (pilE) and Antigenic (pilS) variation)
Term
Chlamydia trachomatis
 Definition
Gm (-) obligate intracellular pathogen

Cause: urethritis and lymphogranuloma venereum

EB/RB phase cycle

Diagnosis by PCR or LCR from DNA from cervical specimen (female)/ first streem urine (male)
Term
Treponema pallidum
 Definition
Syphilis

Gm (-) spirochete-helical protoplasmic cylinder, motile, grown in rabbit testicles

Syphilis: spirochetes can be detected in chancre fluid (non-specific followed by specific Ab tests)

Primary, Secondary, tertiary, latent, and congenital forms
Term
Neisseria Meningitidis
 Definition
1. Meningococcemia, (2) Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome (hemorrhage) (3) sequela: hearing loss and mental retardation

Affects closed groups, c5-c9 deficiencies, sub-saharan africa (neonates IgG immune)

Gm - diplococci, chocolate agar
Term
Streptococcus Agalactide (GBS)
 Definition
Group B beta-hemolytic Strep (GBS)
Gram +, cat -

Found in Genitourinary tract and lower GI

Neonatal sepsis, meningitis, post-partum sepsis

Other causes of neonatal meningitis: Listeria monocytogenes, E coli, staph A, Enterococcus
Term
Yersinia pestis
 Definition
Bubonic plague

Gm - coccobacilli

Rat flea (coagulase)

Death in 7-10 days
Term
Francisella tularensis
 Definition
Tularemia- deerfly fever

gm- coccobacilli

don't play with dead mammals/birds!
insect bites
Term
Brucella melitensis, abortus
 Definition
Brucellosis-Malta fever

Gm - coccobacilli

milk from cows (vaccinate cows and pasteurize milk to prevent)
Term
Pasteurella multocida
 Definition
Gm - coccobacilli

dog bite
Term
Borrelia burgdorferi
 Definition
Lyme disease, deer tick
-Early localized, early disseminated (CNS), and Late (chronic) stage
-sequela due to antigenic switching

Spirochete

Doxycilin
Term
Bacillus anthracis
 Definition
Gram positive spore-forming rod

In sheep
Term
Listeria monocytogenes
 Definition
Gram positive non-spore forming rod

Neonatal meningitis

In fertilizer
Term
Bartonella hanselae
 Definition
Cat scratch disease
Term
Bartonella quintana
 Definition
Trench fever
Term
Rickettsia ricketsii
 Definition
Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
Wood/dog tick
Rash starts from periphery and migrate to the trunk
Gm- obligate intracellular pathogen
Term
Rickettsia prowazeki
 Definition
Endemic Louse-borne Typhus
(Brill-zinsser disease- relapse)

Gm- obligate intracellular pathogen
Term
Rickettsia typhi
 Definition
Endemic Murine Typhus (rat tick)

Gm- obligate intracellular pathogen
Term
Rickettsia tsusugamushi
 Definition
Scrub typhus (mites)
Gm- obligate intracellular pathogen
Term
Rickettsia akari
 Definition
Rickettsia Pox
Gm- obligate intracellular pathogen
Term
Ehlrichia chaffeensins
 Definition
Ehlrichiosis (multiplies in WBCs)

Lymes-like
Term
Coxiella burnetti
 Definition
Q fever
Term
Corneybacterium diptheriae
 Definition
Gm + non-spore forming rod

Diptheria toxin: Simple A-B (ADP-ribosylates EF, repressed by iron)

Mucoid coat in throat (can spread to heart and peripheral nerves)

D(PT) vaccine

Diagnosis: potassium tellurite agar
Term
Bordatella pertussis
 Definition
Gm- coccoid

Pertussis toxin: complex A-B (ADP ribosylates Gi ==> increases cAMP)

Whooping cough

(D)P(T) vaccine
Term
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
 Definition
Opportunistic (Pneumonia in CF patients)

Gm - rod, lac-, ox+

Toxin: ExoS-ADP ribosylates G proteins
ExoA-simple A-B-ribosylates EF2
Term
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
 Definition
Opportunistic (Pneumonia in CF patients)

Gm - rod, lac-, ox+

Toxin: ExoS-ADP ribosylates G proteins
ExoA-simple A-B-ribosylates EF2
Term
Clostridium tetani
 Definition
Gm + spore forming rod

Toxin: enzymes cleaves secretory proteins in inhibitory neurons blocking NT release

CNS, lock jaw
Term
Clostridium botulinum
 Definition
Gm + spore forming rod

Toxin: endopeptidase blocks release of Ach (paralysis)

Food intoxication, infant/wound

Antitoxin
Term
Clostridium pefringens
 Definition
Gas Gangrene (muscle necrosis)

Gm + spore forming rod (anaerobe)

Toxins: lecithinase, enterotoxin, degredative enzymes
Term
Staph Aureus
 Definition
Gm+, cat +, coagulase +, beta-hemolytic,

Virulence: Protein A, clumping factor (antiphagocytic)

Infections: suppurulent skin, toxigenic (TSS, SSSS, food poisoning intoxication)
Term
Staph epidermidis
 Definition
Gm +, cat +, coagulase -, novobiocin sensitive (NO StRES)

endocarditis, septicemia
Term
Staph saprophyticus
 Definition
gm +, cat +, coagulase -, novobiocin resistant (NO StRES)

UTIs
Term
Streptococcus Pyogenes
 Definition
Gm +, cat-, Beta-hemolytic, Group A

Virulence factors: M protein, enzymes (invade and spread), SPE (A,B,C,E)

Infections:
1.Pharyngitis (can lead to ARF)
2. Skin (can lead to AGN, TSLS)
3. Toxigenic (Scarlet fever, TSLS)
4. Necrotizing fasciitis + pneumonia

Sequela: ARF, AGN
Term
Streptococcus Agalictiae
 Definition
Gm +, cat-, Beta hemolytic, Group B (GBS)

lower GI and Genitourinary tract

Neonatal sepsis, meningitis, post partum sepsis
Term
Streptococcus Bovis
 Definition
Gm +, cat-, alpha/non hemolytic, Group D, sodium -

Endocarditis, bacteremia
Term
Enterococcus faecalis/faecium
 Definition
Gm +, cat-, alpha/non hemolytic, Group D, sodium +

UTIs

TGEs --> antibiotic resistance
Term
Streptococcus pnuemoniae
 Definition
Gm +, cat-, alpha hemolytic, opt sensitive (OVRPS)

pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis
Term
Viridian Streptococcus
 Definition
Gm +, cat-, alpha hemolytic, opt resistant (OVRPS)

Dental caries, heart problems

Treat dental pt prophylactically if heart problems exist