Term
|
Definition
SecB - chaperone
SecA - ATPase
SecYEG - transporter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Recruit Protein to SecYEG
2. Provide energy (ATP)
3. Push peptide through
4. Prevent back sliding |
|
|
Term
| Sec Signal Peptide Structure |
|
Definition
Small (7-15 amino acids)
Basic N terminal
Hydrophobic Middle
SXS Cleavage Site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
FtsH - Particle - chaperone (co-translational)
FtsY - Bring to SecYEG
Both have GTP activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Positive Inside
2. IM - alpha helices
3. OM - beta sheets |
|
|
Term
| Topology Experiment Genes |
|
Definition
PhoA - periplasm
LacZ - cytoplasm
*must be C-termninal
**wont work if too close to the membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
TATC - 7TM domain - RR recognition
TATD - cytoplasmic unknown function
All others two helices
TATB - help TATC
TATA - polymerize
TATE - unknown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oxidative Pathway vs. Reducing Pathway |
|
Definition
DsbA/B and DsbC/D
Use second to re-estiablish first using the electron transport chain of the IM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Skp - OM proteins
Pilus Specific Chaperones
LolA/B - lipoprotiens |
|
|
Term
| PPI (function and location) |
|
Definition
Peptidyl prolyl isomerase
periplasm (lots of OM proteins have P) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
OM stress - Temperature and Alcohol
RseB bind OM protein
Releases RseA
RseA releases SigmaE
SigmaE promotes: degP, reseABC, fpkA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stress - pH and composition
CpxA gets phosphorylated
Relay to CPxR
CpxR induces degP, CpxA/R, dsbA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta barrel assembly machine
OM proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Start with Sec/Tat
No Anchor
Secreton: Secretin (ring) and Piston (pilus-like)
Coupled to Cytoplasm for energy (ATP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Autotransporters
VacA and IgA1
sec/tat signal, passenger (contains cystines), beta barrel
optional cleavage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Skip periplasm
HlyA (in E. coli)
Each have their own translocase (substrate specific)
- trimeric IM anchor
- ABC transporter
Pairs with TolC (alpha helices protect) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
And Type 4, 6, 7
Nano Syringe
ATPase at base (cytoplasm)
Vir complex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PapG - tip
PapF - linker
PapE - fimbrillae
PapK - linker
PapA - rod pili structure
PapH - anchor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PapC - usher
PapD - chaperone
PapI and PapB - regulatory
PapJ - unknown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Donor Strand Complementation
Ig Fold has 7 Beta sheets
Need G1 of PapD to bing to C-terminal of Pilin |
|
|
Term
| Driving Force of Type 1 pili |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CAP
Lrp (Leucine response regulator protein)
Iron
Temperature
SigmaE/Cpx |
|
|
Term
| Regulatory mechanisms of pili |
|
Definition
1. Methylation-Dependent (gradient)
2. Inversion-Dependent (on/off) |
|
|
Term
| Twitching Motility Requirements |
|
Definition
Flagella-independent
Wet Surfaces
Population dependent |
|
|
Term
| Type IV Pilus Movement Mechanism |
|
Definition
Twitching Motility
Extension, Tether, Retract (pilT-dependent) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pre-pilin: N-alpha helix, 4 beta sheets, adhesion
Pentamers: Coiled-Coil
Glycoslated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PilE -pilin
PilQ - secretin
PilS - pseudogenes
pilD,F,G,T - energy coupling (secreton) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Homologous to Type II
1. Pre-pilin goes through Sec system
2. Signal Cleaved on cytosolic face
3. Pentamer formation
4. Ogliomerization (DsbA dependent)
5. Secreted by PilQ |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Pilin modification (protein) |
|
Definition
pilS genes without N termini
Combined at random - infinite combinations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Core
KDO - 8C
Heptose - 7C |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Select for Enteric Bacteria due to high bile contents that bacteria need O antigen to withstand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Resistance to Complement
2. Resistance to Bile Salts
3. Resistance to Detergents
4. Phase Variation (homopolymeric tracts on enzyme genes)
5. *We used vaccine* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Core Sugars with nucleotides
2. Assembled of O antigen and LipidA-Core Separately
- O antigen on undecarponal tail
3. Export O (Wzx/Wzy or ABC system)*
4. Expore LipidA-Core (MsbA system)*
5. Add O to LipidA-Core (WaaL system)
6. Transport to OM (Lpt System)*
*ATP is the energy source |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
K1/Niesseria - neural cell adhesion molecule
K5 - heprin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Invade Serum (complement)
2. Host Mimicry
3. Phase Variation
4. Prevent dessication
5. Adherence
6. Motility (lube) |
|
|
Term
| Phase Variation of Capsule Example |
|
Definition
C. jejuni
on/off or gradual
population level
CPS gene cluster = homopolymeric tract = slipped strand mutagenesis |
|
|
Term
| Glycosylation in H. pylori |
|
Definition
Flagella, OM, IM, Cytoplasmic
Just O-linked |
|
|
Term
| Glycosylation in C. jejuni |
|
Definition
Flagella, Periplasmic
O-linked and N-linked |
|
|
Term
| O linked glycosylation - Specificity |
|
Definition
Ser/Thr
Structrual (surface) |
|
|
Term
| N linked glycosylation - specificity |
|
Definition
D/E - X - N - X - S/T
Only last three in euks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Simple: Heptose (e. coli)
Complex: Pse, DAB (C. pylori)
Polymeric: Trisaccharides (archaea) |
|
|
Term
| Functions of Glycosylation |
|
Definition
1. Secretion
2. Antigenecity - immunoevasion
3. Stability, solubility, and polymerization
4. Adhesion (invasion of host tissue) |
|
|
Term
| Glycosylation in N. gonorrheae |
|
Definition
ptgA gene encodes a glycosyl transferase
Complicated strains - polyG tract = not always expressed = migration |
|
|
Term
| Ogliosaccharide production |
|
Definition
1. assembly of nuc-sugars onto undecaprenol phosphate carrier (Und-P)
2. Black transfer to periplasm
3. saccharidyl transferase attaches sugar to protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chlarithromycin, Tetracyclin, Protein Pump Inhibitor, Bismuth
High doses - to reach stomach = nasty side-effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
WT Mice (and adapted bug) = infection no inflammation
Il-10 KO mice = inflammation but little infection |
|
|
Term
| H. pylori Virulence Factors (7) |
|
Definition
1. Urease
2. Type 4 Secretion - Cog PI (cancer) *not all strains
3. VacA
4. LPS - Lipid A is poorly endotoxic
5. Lewis structures on OMP and O antigen
6. Flagella - glycosylated
7. Hcps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Autotransporter gene
polymorphisms - paleo-microbiology and differences in virulence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Heliobacter Cystine-rich Proteins
- SLR motif:helix-SS-helix = protein-protein interaction
- need dsbK |
|
|
Term
| Regulation of Cytokine Activity (5) |
|
Definition
1. de novo
2. short mRNA halflife
3. Procytokines produced first
4. Short activation radius
5. High affinity receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attaching lipids (usually N terminal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TNF alpha converting factor |
|
|
Term
| IL-1 Receptors and Antagonists |
|
Definition
IL-RI - normal
IL-RII - no signal transduction
IL-Ra - antigonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Production of pro-ILB
2. Secondary signal (C3aR or TLR4) - efflux of ATP
3. ATP sensed by p2X7 - ion exchange
4. Caspase-1 activation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Bring neutrphils
2. Neutrophil adherence
3. Neutrophil granular exocytosis
4. Respiratory burst |
|
|
Term
| CXCR1 Structure and Function |
|
Definition
7 TM - G coupled protein receptor
IL-8 receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PLC cuts PIP2 into IP3 and DAG
IP3 - releases Ca2+ stores
DAG - increases NADPH oxidase activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PI3 Kinase adds p to PIP2 -> PIP3
chemotaxis, adhesion
neutrophil granular exocytosis (by MAPK) |
|
|
Term
| PLC Effect on Phospholipids and Diacylglycerols |
|
Definition
Make Arachonic Acid
1. Make Leukotrienes
- B4 - neutrophil recruitment and pro-inflammatory
2. Make Prostacyclin
- vasodilation and platelet aggregation
Thromboxane
- platelet activation and vasoconstriction
*All have G-coupled protein receptor pathways |
|
|
Term
| Neutrophils - Secretory Proteins |
|
Definition
| CR1, CR3, FPR, CD14, CD16 (IgG) |
|
|
Term
| Neutrophil - Developmental stages |
|
Definition
1. Blast cell
2. Promyelocyte
3. Myelocyte
4. PMN
- wait for 5 days
- blood for 10 hours (shorter if used) |
|
|
Term
| Attachment of Neutrophils and Vasculature in Extravasation |
|
Definition
P-selectin - PSGL
ICAM - LFA1
PECAM-1 homodimers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
b558 Cytochrome (NADPH oxidase) => superoxide anion
Superoxide dismutase => hydrogen peroxide
Myeloperoxidase + Halide => HOCl |
|
|
Term
| Antimicrobial Serprocidins |
|
Definition
(1) Cathepsin G
- gram positives
- peptides are also antimicrobials
- stimulates acute phase response
(2) Elastase
- gram negatives
cuts OM proteins and secreted peptides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)
loop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
binds LPS since its positive
Bacterocidal - binds LPS, disrupts membrane
Immunosuppresion - mop up |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
- DNA and granular proteins
Elastase is kept active (despite being extracellular)
= liver necrosis |
|
|
Term
| Contact Activation Pathway (coagulation) |
|
Definition
(1) Factor 12 -> Factor 11
(2) Kallikwein -> Factor 11
(3) HMW Kinninogen
(4) Brandykinin |
|
|
Term
| MacI (Function and Inhibitor) |
|
Definition
Receptor on neutrophil
activated by M protein
inhibited by beta2-integrin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
BPI-1: binds LPS
- common amoung acute phase proteins
BPI-2: transfer to Cd14 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TLR/IL-1 Receptor Pathway |
|
Definition
MyD88->IRAK->TRAK->TAK
(1)NIK-> IKK -> NFKB
(2)MIKK->JNK-> AP-1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hypothalamus -> CRF
Pituitary Gland -> ACTH
Adrenal Cortex -> Glucocorticoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Migration inhibitory factor
- produced by adrenal gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(1) Thrombin binds Thrombomodulin
(2) Activates protein C
(3) Protein C cleaves Factor 5 and 8
(4) Inhibits coagulation and starts breaking down clot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drotrecogin alfa (activated protein c) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Protease involed in colonization
E. coli and shigella
activate PMN but not migration
break PSGL-1 sugar linkages
kill T cells
deleted from shigella - more inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-defensins
beta defensins
hCAP18 -> IL37
All positive
defensines have Cys |
|
|
Term
| Beta Defensins (location and organisms) |
|
Definition
hBD1 - negative (GI, reprodu, urine)
hBD3 - positive (oral, skin, respir) |
|
|
Term
| Systems for recognizing LL-37 (3 organisms) |
|
Definition
| CovS/R (Strep) ApsS/R (staph) PhoQ/P (enter) |
|
|
Term
| Upregulated genes in Strep after Cov system (6) |
|
Definition
1. Hyaluronic acid capsule
2. SpyCep and PrtS - IL-8 proteases
3. Mac/IseL - IgG proteases
4. Streptokinase
5. SpeA
6. DNase |
|
|
Term
| Upregulated genes in Staph after Aps system (4) |
|
Definition
1. ApsS - membrane integrety
2. VraFG - influx pump
3. dltABC - D-alanine make less negative - techonic lipids
4. mprF - Add positive Lys to phospholipids |
|
|
Term
| Upregulated genes in Enter bacteria after Pho system (4) |
|
Definition
| PagP, PagL, LpxO, pmrAB - Lipid A modification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Multipkle gene activator in strep
emm - M protein
C5a protease
inhibitor of complement (sip)
IgG binding protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extracellular adhesion protein
SAgs
CHIP
Staphlyococcal inhibitor of complement
Staphylokinase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Staphylococcal inhibitor of complement
- binds C3Bb in an inactive binding state (both) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chemotaxis inhibitor protein
- produced by staph
- inhibits C5a and fmlp signaling by binding sulfanated Y residues on receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cell enevlope protein on Strep
degrades Il-8 and other CXC chemokines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Staphyloxanthain
Prodigiosin (serratia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antimicrobial produced by Fat Cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secreted Anti-microbial Lipids |
|
Definition
Sapienic Acid (Palmitoleic Acid)
Cholesterol Esters: Linoleic Acid and Arachiclonic Acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Granuloma - caseous necrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide - Inhibit Fatty Acid Synthesis
Rifampin - RNAP
Ethambutol - Arabinogalactin synthesis |
|
|
Term
| TB - important cell wall components (3) |
|
Definition
1. Mycolic Acid
2. Arabinan Layer
3.Lipoarabinomannon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Macrophage Scavenger Protein
Macrophage-Inducible C-type Lectin (MINCLE)
- MAC1 expression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No immune cells in lung (H and E stain) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| D-myoinositol with P = 3, 4, 5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fc-IgG
Fc-P
PI3KI -> PI345P3
Rab5 (GTPase) -> PI3KIII
PI3KIII-> PI3P
EEA1
EEA1 delivers hydrolases and H+ ATPase |
|
|
Term
| Role of Lipoarabinomannon (LAM) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Precurser to LAM
Promotes homotypic fusion - feeding from endosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SapM - deP PIP3 PtpA - no ATPase PtpB - Il-6, Caspase 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Type IV secretion
EsxA (ESAT6) -> lysis, phagosome rearrangement
EsxB (CFP10) -> phagosome rearrangement
eDNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Zipper
E-Cadherin (Ca2)
basolaterial face
blocked by b2-integrin
uses internalins |
|
|
Term
| Listeria - internalins (classes, structure) |
|
Definition
(1) LPXTG - InA
(2) GW - InB
(3) LXW
Look like TLR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Listeria - riboswitch (name and genes -5) |
|
Definition
Ptg
1. hly - pore
2. plcA/B - break phagosome
3. mpl - help plcB
4. actA - movement
5. hpt - hexose phosphate transfer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ActA
localizes pole
1. Actin
2. Arp2/3
3. WASP-homology domain |
|
|
Term
| Salmonella PI secretion type |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SipC -> actin nucleation, bundling
SipA -> helps
SopE/E2 -> GEF for Rac CDC42 (can recruit Arp2/3 for branches) |
|
|
Term
| Salmonella Il-8/inflammation factors |
|
Definition
SopE/E2 -> GEF also promotes MAPK signaling
SipB -> Activates Caspase 1
SopB -> Inositol phosphatase - activates Rho and Cdc42, secretion of Cl-, disrupt tight junctions |
|
|
Term
| SaPI - 2: genes for microtubules |
|
Definition
SspH2, SpvB, SseI -> actin nest
SifA, PipB2 -> Sif formation
SseF, SseG -> promotes budding and collecting vesicles from golgi |
|
|
Term
| Salmonella - inhibition of death |
|
Definition
SseK
glucosylatea FADD, TRADD, RIPK1 |
|
|
