Term
| Ach is sythesized in cytoplasm from? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What chemical blocks the uptake of choline? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What triggers the release of Ach from the neuron? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| How is Ach choline terminated in the synaptic cleft? |
|
Definition
| acetylcholine esterase (AChE) |
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Term
| What packages Ach into vesicles? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What inhibits the release of Ach from the neuron? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme catalizes the formation of choline from AcCoA + Choline |
|
Definition
| choline acetyltransferase |
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Term
| Explain the synthesis of NE. |
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Definition
| tyrosine---DOPA---dompamine---norepinephrine |
|
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Term
| What triggers the release of NE? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| How is NE removed from the synaptic cleft? |
|
Definition
1) simple diffusion
2) re-uptake via transporters |
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Term
| What is the function of Tyrosine hydroxylase? |
|
Definition
| convert tyrosine to l-DOPA |
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Term
| What is the function of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase? |
|
Definition
| Convert l-DOPA to dopamine |
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Term
What are the down stream affects of cAMP?
Increased pKA leads to increase energy from breakdown of epinephrine (pKa activation now show). |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors. |
|
Definition
1) ligand-gated ion channels
2) activation leads to depolarization of post-synaptic cells
3) ALL ANS ganglia have nicotinic receptors
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|
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Term
| Describe Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors. |
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Definition
1) G-protein-linked receptors
2) activation leads to 2nd messenger systems |
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Term
| What are the sub-types of the muscarinic receptors? |
|
Definition
1) M1: IP3 DAG
2) M2: inhibits adenyl cyclase
2) M3 : IP3 DAG
4) M4 inhibits adenyl cyclase
5) M5 : IP3 DAG |
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Term
| Where are the muscarinic sub-types found? |
|
Definition
1) M1: neurons and autonomic ganglion
2) M2: cardiac muscle
3) M3: glands, smooth muscle, and endocrine cells
4) M4: found in CNS
5) M5: found in CNS |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Which family of adrenergic receptors are more sensitive to isoproterenol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| alpha adrenergic receptors are more sensitive to? |
|
Definition
| epinephrine then norephrine then isoproterenol |
|
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Term
| What are the mechanisms of action of the adrenergic receptors? |
|
Definition
1) alpha 1: IP3, DAG
2) alpha 2: inhibit adenyl cyclase, activate K+ channels
3) B1, B2,B3: activates adenylate cyclase |
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Term
| What tissues are affected and what are the effects on alpha 1 receptors? |
|
Definition
1) vascular smooth muscle: Contraction
(Blood pressure increase)
2) genitourinary smooth muscle: Contraction
3) intestinal smooth muscle: Relaxation
4) Heart: increase inotropy and excitability
5) Liver: glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis |
|
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Term
| What tissues are affected and what are the effects on alpha 2 receptors? |
|
Definition
1) Pancreatic Beta-cells: decrease insulin secretion
2) platelets: aggregation
3) nerve: decrease NE release
4)Vascular smooth muscles: contraction |
|
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Term
| What tissues are affected and what are the effects on beta1 receptors? |
|
Definition
1) Heart: increase chronotropy(affecting rate-HR)
and inotropy
2) Heart: increase AV-node conduction velocity
3) Renal juxtaglomerular cell: increase renin secretion |
|
|
Term
| What is mean blood pressure |
|
Definition
| Average systolic and diastolic pressures |
|
|
Term
What tissues are affected and what are the effects on
beta 2 receptors? |
|
Definition
1) smooth muscle: relaxation
2) liver: glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
3) skeletal muscle: glycogenolysis and K+ uptake |
|
|
Term
What tissues are affected and what are the effects on
beta 3 receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which receptors are stimulated by epinephrine? |
|
Definition
| All: alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1 and beta 2 |
|
|
Term
| Which receptors are stimulatd by NE? |
|
Definition
Alpha 1 and Alpha 2 strongly
beta 1 and beta 2 moderately |
|
|
Term
| Which receptors are stimulatd by isoproterenol? |
|
Definition
beta 1 and beta 2 are stimulated ONLY
|
|
|
Term
| Which receptors are stimulatd by dobutamine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What receptors are stimulated in the same way by
NE, tyramine, amphetamine, ephedrine
(nuemonic: NEAT)? |
|
Definition
Alpha 1 and Alpha 2 are STRONG
Beta 1 and Beta 2 are Moderate |
|
|
Term
| Which receptors are stimulatd by albuterol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the affect of NE on alpha 1 receptors? What happens to the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure? |
|
Definition
Systolic: increase Diastolic: increase MBP: increase |
|
|
Term
What is the affect of NE on alpha 1 receptors?
Explain what happens to the PP, HR,a nd TPR |
|
Definition
PP is no change
HR is no change
TPR is increased |
|
|
Term
What is the affect of NE on alpha 1 receptors?
Explain what happens to the PP, HR,a nd TPR |
|
Definition
PP = SBP - DBP
Pulse Pressure equals Systolic Blood Pressure minus Diastolic Blood Pressure.
HR is defined as beat/minute |
|
|
Term
| Where are the predominate action sites of NE, Epi, or isoproterenol? |
|
Definition
NE: alpha 1
Epinephrine: STONGLY alpha 1 (then beta 1 then beta 2)
b/c B1 stimulation: PP, and HR are affected
Isoproterenol: beta 1 and beta 2
|
|
|
Term
Which receptors do is Epinephrine stimulate?
|
|
Definition
| alpha 1, beta 1 and beta 2 |
|
|
Term
| What are the affects of Epinephrine stimulation? |
|
Definition
Systole: increase
Diastole: increase
MBP: increase
PP: increase
HR: increase
TPR: increase |
|
|
Term
| Which receptors do Isoproterenol stimulation? |
|
Definition
| dilate beta 1 and beta 2 (dilate arteries) |
|
|
Term
| What are the affects of Isoproterenol stimulation? |
|
Definition
Systole: decrease
diastole: decrease
MBP: decrease
PP: increase
HR: increase
TPR: decrease |
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