Term
|
Definition
| Neurotransmitter released from preganglionic nerve fibers of parasympathetic NS and sympathetic NS, and postganglionic nerve fibers of parasympathetic NS and non-muscarinic exocrine/sweat glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compounds (e.g., physostigmine) that inhibit acetylcholinesterase resulting in an accumulation of acetylcholine in synapse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| related to effects on nerve cells or fibers that use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter. Nicotinic receptors, muscarinic receptors, and non-muscarinic exocrine/sweat gland receptors are all stimulated by cholinergic nerve fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Having action similar to acetylcholine in cholinergic nerve fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compounds (e.g., muscarine, pilocarpine, arecoline, physostigmine) whose actions have an effect that is similar to the stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. Similar to cholinomimetic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| producing effects that resemples postganglionic parasympathetic receptor stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compounds (e.g., atropine, scopolamine) that inhibit the action of parasympathetic and/or other cholinergic fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compounds (e.g., exogenous epinephrine, ephedrine, or cocaine) whose actions have a physiological effect that is similar to the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| related to effects on nerve cells or fibers in the autonomic nervous system that use norepinephrine as their neurotransmitter. Molecules whose actions mimic the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar effects as norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar effects as epinephrine. A postganglionic adrenergic neurohormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compounds e.g., ephedrine and cocaine that have effects similar to epinephrine or norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
ANS Neurotransmitters
Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) neurotransmitters |
|
Definition
Acetylcholine transmits impulses in:
autonomic ganglia and post-ganglionic cholinergic nerve ending receptors in end-organs |
|
|
Term
ANS Neurotransmitters
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) Neurotransmitters |
|
Definition
Norepinephrine is main chemical transmitter at:
post-ganglionic adrenergic nerve fiber endings in end-organs
Acetylcholine transmits impulses in:
autonomic ganglia and cholinergic receptors of sweat glands and some vascular nerve endings |
|
|
Term
| What does the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) control? Some facts about Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) and Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) |
|
Definition
Controls involuntary processes
-smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle and other organs
SNS and PNS usually work antagonistically
- inhibitition of one system results in physiological effects that resemble the stimulation of the other system
SNS and PNS may also function independently or synergistically (such as in extreme fear)
Pre-ganglionic fibers of the ANS originate in the CNS
Post-ganglionic fibers originate in autonomic ganglia and extend to end-organs |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) |
|
Definition
Catabolic system that expends energy
Endogenous sympathetic response:
Fight or flight response to danger:
-increasing heart rate and contractility
-shunting blood to the muscles and heart
-strong effect on vascular functions
-Acetylcholine transmits impulses in ganglia
-Acetylcholine transmits impulses in cholinergic receptors of sweat glands and at some vascular nerve endings
-Norepinephrine is main chemical transmitter at post-ganglionic adrenergic nerve endings in end-organs
-Adrenal medulla is stimulated to release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood which contributes to the bodies fight or flight sympathetic response
|
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) |
|
Definition
-Anabolic system that conserves energy
-Nerves originate from cranial-sacral regions
-Promotes the absorption and digestion of food (rest and digest)
-Slows heart rate
-Strong effect on lungs, intestines, genital, and urinary systems
-Acetylcholine transmits impulses in ganglia and at post-ganglionic cholinergeic nerve endings in end-organs |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that Effect the Autonomic Nervous System |
|
Definition
-The two component systems of the ANS typically work antagonistically with inhibition of one system resulting in physiological effects that resemble that stimulation of the other system
-Exogenous drugs that have chemical or molecular resemblance to endogenous chemical transmitters of the ANS stimulate or inhibit either the Parasympathetic NS or the SNS
-Muscarinic effects are muscarine-like activity of agents that stimulate the postganglionic parasympathetic receptors
-Nicotinic effects are nicotine-like activity of acetylcholine and nicotinic agents on nicotinic receptors in ANS ganglia and motor end-plates of striated muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Agonist: substance that enhances a receptor
-Antagonist: substance that directly or indirectly blocks a receptor |
|
|
Term
| Endogenous vs Exogenous molecules |
|
Definition
Endogenous: molecule produced by human body
Exogenous: molecule that originates outside of the human body |
|
|
Term
Medical Abbreviations
Dx
Tx
Rx |
|
Definition
Dx = diagnosis
Tx = treatment
Rx = prescription |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collection of nerve fibers in the PNS |
|
|
