Details Title: Autonomic Nervous System Description: Exam #2- Lecture #11 Total Flash Cards: 65 Created: 09/23/2009 21:10:39		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Physiology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Regulation of the ANS Definition Unconscious, though influenced by conscious mental functions Term Target Tissues of the ANS Definition Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle, Glands Term Response to Stimulation in the ANS Definition Target tissues are STIMULATED or INHIBITED Term Number of Synapses in the ANS Definition Two Term Axon Sheaths Definition Preganglionic- Myelinated; Postganglionic- Unmyelinated Term Neurotransmitter Substance in the ANS Definition Acetylcholine- released by preganglionic neurons; Acetylcholine OR Norepinephrine released by postganglionic neurons Term Receptor Molecules in the ANS Definition In autonomic ganglia, Acetlycholine receptor- Nicotonic; In target tissues, Acetylcholine receptor- Muscarinic and Norepinephrine receptor- Alpha OR Beta Adrenergic Term Location of ganglia in Parasympathetic NS Definition Within innervated organs Term Location of ganglia in Sympathetic NS Definition Sympathetic trunk, Adrenal Medulla, Collateral Ganglia Term Length of Preganglionic Fibers in Parasympathetic NS Definition Long Term Length of Preganglionic Fiber in Sympathetic NS Definition Short Term Length of Postganglionic Fibers in Parasympathetic NS Definition Very Short Term Length of Postganglionic Fibers in Sympathetic NS Definition Long, except for in the adrenal medulla Term Where are ganglions located in the Sympathetic NS? Definition Thoracic and Lumbar regions of the Spinal Cord Term Where are ganglions located in the Parasympathetic NS? Definition Brain and Sacral region of the Spinal Cord Term Reciprocal Effects Definition One nervous system inhibits, while the other stimulates activity in the target organ Term Cooperative Effects Definition Both nervous systems promote the same goal in the target tissue Term Cholinergic Nerves Definition Nerves that use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter Term Which nerves release Acetlycholine? Definition ALL sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic nerves AND ALL paraysmpathetic postganglionic nerves AND Sympathetic postganglionic nerves innervating sweat glands and some skeletal muscle blood vessels Term Andrenergic Nerves Definition Nerves that use Norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter Term Which nerves release Norepinephrine? Definition MOST sympathetic postganglionic nerves AND the adrenal medulla Term What is the major hormone of the Sympathetic NS? Definition Epinephrine Term What is the major hormone of the Parasympathetic NS? Definition NONE- There is no hormone Term Catecholamines classify what three hormones? Definition Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine Term What hormones does the adrenal medulla release? How much of each? Definition Epinephrine (80%) and Norepinephrine and Dopamine (20%) Term What are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used for in a clinical setting? Definition Treating glaucoma, increasing GI motility, and treating Myasthenia Gravis Term Where is Muscarinic (M1) Receptor located? Definition CNS neurons, some pre-synaptic sites Term What is the mechanism of action for the M1 Receptor? Definition Increase intracellular Calcium Term Where is Muscarinic (M2) Receptor located? Definition Myocardium, smooth muscle, some pre- synaptic sites Term What is the mechanism of action for the M2 Receptor? Definition Opening the Potassium channels and Inhibiting Adenyl Cyclase Term Where is Muscarinic (M3) Receptor located? Definition Exocrine glands, smooth muscle, endothelium Term What is the mechanism of action for the M3 Receptor? Definition Increase intracellular Calcium Term Where is the Nicotinic (Nn) Receptor located? Definition Postganglionic neurons Term What is the mechanism of action for the Nn Receptor? Definition Opening of Sodium and Potassium channels and depolarization of the cell Term Where is the Alpha 1 Receptor located? Definition Smooth muscle Term What is the mechanism of action for the Alpha 1 Receptor? Definition Increase intracellular Calcium Term Where is the Alpha 2 Receptor located? Definition Smooth muscle, pre-synaptic sites, platelets Term What is the mechanism of action for the Alpha 2 Receptor? Definition Inhibiting Adenyl Cyclase and Decreasing cAMP Term Where is the Beta 1 Receptor located? Definition Myocardium, adipocytes, juxtaglomerular cells Term What is the mechanism of action for the Beta 1 Receptor? Definition Stimulating Adenyl Cyclase and Increasing cAMP Term Where is the Beta 2 Receptor located? Definition Myocardium, smooth muscles Term What is the mechanism of action for the Beta 2 Receptor? Definition Stimulating Adenylyl Cyclase and Increasing cAMP Term Where is the Beta 3 Receptor located? Definition Myocardium, adipocytes Term What is the mechanism of action for the Beta 3 Receptor? Definition Stimulating NO Synthase and Increasing NO Term Where are the D1 and D5 Receptors located? Definition Brain, smooth muscle of renal vascular bed Term What is the mechanism of action for the D1 and D5 Receptors? Definition Stimulating Adenyl Cyclase and Increasing cAMP Term Where are the D2, D3, and D4 Receptors located? Definition Brain Term What is the mechanism of action for the D2, D3, and D4 Receptors? Definition Inhibiting adenyl cyclase and Decreasing cAMP Term Tonic Activity Definition activity under resting conditions, with the ability to increase or decrease activity as needed Term Reflex Activity Definition a response to a change in the environment Term Constriction of pupils- MIOSIS Definition PNS Term Increase in secretion of watery saliva Definition PNS Term Enhanced emptying of GI and Urinary Tracts Definition PNS Term Stimulation of release of insulin from pancreas Definition PNS Term Slowing of heart rate- Bradycardia Definition PNS Term Constriction of airways Definition PNS Term Vasodilation of blood vessels Definition PNS Term Dilation of pupils- MYDRIASIS Definition SNS Term Increase in secretion of thick, viscous saliva Definition SNS Term Decrease in intestinal motility Definition SNS Term Inhibition of insulin release from pancreas Definition SNS Term Increase of heart rate- Tachycardia Definition SNS Term Dilation of bronchial smooth muscle Definition SNS Term Vasoconstriction of blood vessels Definition SNS Term Sweating Definition SNS