Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| high elevation trees, only branches on leeward side survive |
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Term
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Definition
conifers, aspen, grasses
features: reduced flower parts
catkins(tremuloides)
open and sticky cone scales |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| wind and insect pollinates |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
appendage-wings(conifers)
pappus hairs (arnica)
silky hairs (aspen)
samara (acer) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
passive= seed/fruit lodged in fur
active= ingested(confers w/birds)(douglas fir with squirrels) |
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Term
| types of vegetative propagation |
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Definition
rhizomes
root suckers
layering
crown/stump sprouting buds |
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Term
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Definition
populus
pinus contorta and ponderosa |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
abies lasiocarpa
abies concolor
picea x2 |
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Term
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Definition
populus temuloides
pinus x5 |
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Term
| fire tolerance adaptations |
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Definition
branching patterns, bark thickness
root suckers, serotinous cones |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| reflect light, reduce heat load, reduce air movement, increase humidity |
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Term
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Definition
release terpenoids
anti-herbivory |
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Term
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Definition
leaf shape and orientation
ephemeral leaves
hairs(glandular and hollow)
leaf cell volume
wide temp. photosynthesis range
2 layers of roots
mycorrhizal associations |
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Term
| reduction in leaf water volume |
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Definition
| increases solute concentrations to create water pulling gradient |
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Term
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Definition
deep root pulls up water at night and releases into top soil
during rain, top roots send water doen to recharge deep soil
"hydraulic redistribution" |
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Term
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Definition
| roots and fungus, plant provides carbon, fungus provides water phosphorous and pathogen protection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
many seeds
small, no dispersal
short longevity
episodic establishment |
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Term
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Definition
plant provides carbon
Alamentous bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen |
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Term
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Definition
tussock
Koeleria Macrantha, elymus spicatus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
bunch grasses competitive here
why?? |
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Definition
1.Trapping snow and melting snow
2.Better access to limited resources
3.Able to withstand temperature extremes |
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Term
| bunch grass adaptation to competition |
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Definition
tightly packed, prevent invasion
roots directly below, less competition |
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Term
| modification of microhabitat |
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Definition
1.trap snow which protects stems and increases water
2.black body quickens snow melt
3. self shading and hair heat retention
4. "islands of fertility" |
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Term
| bluegrass adaptation to disturbance |
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Definition
| meristems protected at or below surface |
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Term
| bluegrass adaptations to drought |
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Definition
long narrow blade can change angle for light capture
photosynthetic sheath |
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Term
| bluegrass resource sharing |
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Definition
hollow stem= efficient
resource sharing for 3 generations |
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Term
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Definition
concentrated at top
occupy directly below plant
respond to nutrient pulses |
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Term
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Definition
episodic seed production and germination
reliance on tillering
long life(30-50 yrs) |
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Term
| bluegrass response to herbivory |
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Definition
bad- rely on current photosynthesis not stored
slowly create new tillers |
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Term
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Definition
slow gas diffusion
difficult to metabolize glucose, make
accumulation of ethanol from anaerobic
accumulation of reduced elements |
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Term
| high inundation tolerance |
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Definition
schoenoplectus acutus
typha spp.
phragmites= middle |
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Term
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Definition
phalaris arundinacea
salix spp. |
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Term
| Morphological adaptations to inundation |
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Definition
parenchyma collapse= more space for gas exchange
convective air flow in phragmites |
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Term
| physiological adaptations to inundation |
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Definition
anaerobic metabolism
radian oxygen loss |
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Term
| other adaptations to inundation |
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Definition
large rhizomes
in phragmites, rapid shoot elongation |
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Term
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Definition
production dependent on ideal conditions
dispersed by water and wind
strong seed banks |
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Term
| carex adaptations juvinile |
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Definition
| narrow gas filled chambers |
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Term
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Definition
aerenchyma tissue
radian oxygen loss
root depth above saturation
ephemeral leaves
decreased cell volume in drought(concentration gradient) |
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Term
| carex sexual reproduction |
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Definition
a.Varies with moisture variability-rarely produce seeds during dry years
b.Seeds(fruits) can float for weeks/months
c.Form persistent seed banks |
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Term
| carex asexual reproduction |
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Definition
long, short and mixed rhizomes
mixed= nebrascensis |
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Term
| ressource sharing in carex |
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Definition
| even old dead shoots pull nutrients and receive carbon |
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Term
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Definition
dependent on water table changes
strong on maintanence |
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Term
| riparian sexual reproduction |
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Definition
tiny seeds dispersed after flooding with short life
episodic, rely on "safe" site just cleared by flooding
require slow draw down of water table |
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Term
| riparian asexual reproduction |
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Definition
1.sprouting around arent base when damaged
2. root suckering, farther away
3. bent over tree creates lone of sprouts
4. branch carried downstream and burried |
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Term
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Definition
| xylem cavitation= bubble in vein, persists throughout year, branch mortality |
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Term
| riparian morphological adaptations |
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Definition
| lenticels, put oxygen to soil in saturation and release co2 to atmosphere |
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Term
| problems for salt desert scrub |
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Definition
high water soluble salts
bad soil structure(no aggregation or infultration, crusting) |
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Term
| why salt problems are problems(mature) |
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Definition
| salt gradient makes it difficult to extract water |
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Term
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Definition
salicornia
allenrolfea
suaeda
distichlis |
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Term
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Definition
ceratoides
grayia spinosa
chrysothamnus
tetradymia
artemisia |
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Term
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Definition
sarcobatus
sporobolus
kochia
atriplex |
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Term
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Definition
1. increase cell volume with salt uptake
2. exclusion of salt in vacuoles
3. exclusion of salt in trichromes and bracts
4. excretion of salt from glands |
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Term
| increase cell volume with salt uptake |
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Definition
| creates steady concentrations |
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Term
| Salt exclusion in cell vacuoles |
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Definition
keep away from organelles
requires energy
must create non toxic stress proteins to maintain concentration gradient |
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Term
| salt exclusion in tricromes |
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Definition
| cells collapse and release salt to surface, antiherbivory |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| drought tolerance on playa |
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Definition
leaf shading
leaf rolling
leaf orientation
polypoidy |
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Term
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Definition
| quick rains drop salts into profile |
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Term
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Definition
steady rain throught season, episodic
rhizomes important |
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