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Auditing-Chapter 18
Auditing. Chapter Eighteen. Reports on Audited Financial Statements.
11
Accounting
Undergraduate 4
05/05/2014

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Term
Adverse Opinion
Definition
The auditor's opinion that the financial statements do not present fairly in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (or other basis of accounting) due to a pervasively material misstatement.
Term
Disclaimer of Opinion
Definition
The auditor's indication that no opinion is expressed on the financial statements. The auditor will disclaim an opinion if a pervasive scope limitation arises or if it is determined that the auditor lacks independence.
Term
Explanatory Paragraph
Definition
A paragraph that is used under certain circumstances to provide additional explanation to users of the financial statements. They do not affect the auditor's unqualified/unmodified opinion. Under GAAS, a paragraph that refers to a matter appropriately presented or disclosed in the financial statements is known as an emphasis-of-matter paragraph, while a paragraph that refers to matters other than those presented or disclosed in the financial statements is known as an other-matter paragraph.
Term
Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS)
Definition
Standards against which the quality of the auditor's performance is measured.
Term
Materiality
Definition
The maximum amount by which the auditor believes the financial statements could be misstated and still not affect the decision of users.
Term
Qualified Opinion
Definition
The auditor's opinion that the financial statements present fairly, in all material aspects, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (or other basis of accounting), except for a material misstatement that does not, however, pervasively affect users' ability to rely on the financial statements. Can also be issued for a scope limitation that is of limited significance.
Term
Reasonable Assurance
Definition
A term that implies some risk that a material misstatement could be present in the financial statements without the auditor detecting it, even when the auditor has exercised due care.
Term
Representation Letter
Definition
A letter that corroborates oral representations made to the auditor by management or by other auditors and documents the continued appropriateness of such representations.
Term
Scope Limitation
Definition
A lack of evidence that may preclude the auditor from issuing a clean opinion, usually resulting from an inability to conduct an audit procedure considered necessary.
Term
Special Purpose Financial Statements
Definition
Financial statements prepared under cash basis, tax basis, regulatory basis, or contractual basis (formerly referred to as "other comprehensive basis of accounting").
Term
Unqualified/Unmodified Opinion
Definition
The auditor's opinion that the financial statements present fairly, in all material aspects, the client's financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in accordance with generall accepted accounting principles (or other basis of accounting)--i.e., a "clean" opinion.
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