Details Title: Audio Workstations Description: Final Exam Total Flash Cards: 145 Created: 12/17/2008 10:31:18		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Music Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Is there generation loss between digital files? Definition NO Term What are the 3 characteristics of a DAW? Three components? Definition Pointer based, Non-Linear, Non-Destructive. Hardware, Software, Storage Term How many tracks are available on Pro Tools LE? Track Types? Definition 32 Audio Tracks (128 total, 96 inactive) 128 Instrument Tracks 64 Master Faders 256 MIDI Tracks 128 Aux Inputs Term What file types and sample rates are supported? Definition BWF (Wav) AIFF SDII 44.1Khz, 48Khz, 88.2Khz, 96Khz Term Name 3 things stored in a session file Definition MIDI Data, audio regions, Mix Parameters, Tracks, I/O Assignments Term There can only be one active ruler at a time. True or False Definition True Term How many primary windows are there in Pro Tools. Definition 2 Primary. Mix and Edit. The third would be Transport Term What are the 4 edit modes in ProTools? Definition Shuffle, Slip, Spot, and Grid. Grid (Absolute and Relative) Term Name all of the edit tools available. Definition Zoom, Trimmer, Selector, Grabber, Scrubber, Pencil Term ProTools files are always Stereo Interleaved. True or False Definition False Term What is an offline region? Definition A region that points back to an audio file that can no longer be found. Term What is the difference between Add/Copy/and Convert when importing? Definition Add references the files from their original position on the disk. Copy makes a copy into the new audio files folder. Convert converts audio to the supported settings of the PT session. Term How can files be imported? Definition File Import (Apple - Shift - I), from the workspace browser, or from the desktop/finder/explorer Term Minimum selection length for loop playback? For loop record? Definition Minimum selection length for loop playback? Half a second For loop record? One second Term What Trim options are available in the Edit menu? Definition Start to insertion, End to insertion, to selection Term Definition Term How do you reverse the Trim Tool's direction? Definition Option Term How to you nudge? Definition + or - Term Can a Locked Region be moved? Edited? Recorded over? Definition No, No, Yes Term What are the quick keys for the transport window? Definition Transport window on numeric keys 1. FF 2. Rew 3. Record enable 4. Loop Playback 5. Loop Record 6. Quick punch 7. Click 8. wait for note/ countoff 9. MIDI Merge Term How do you select across multiple tracks or regions with the selector tool? Definition Shift-click, or shift-drag Term How do you change selection with the Scrubber Tool? Definition Shift-Scrub Term How to you shuttle with the scrub tool? Definition Option - Scrub Term How do you make a selection during playback? Definition Down arrow for start point, up arrow for end point. Term In slip mode, how do you trim exactly to the next region? Definition Control Key Term How do you create new whole files from selections? Definition Edit -> Consolidate Term What advances the cursor to the next region boundary? Previous region boundary? Definition Tab. Option-Tab Term What are the 4 ways to save in PT? Definition Save, Save AS, Save Copy In, Auto Backup Term Which save option allows you to convert the session settings? Definition Save Copy In Term What is Quantization Error? Definition QE is created by rounding to the nearest interval Term What filter balances QE to the output and smoothes out the digital signal? Definition Anti-imaging Term Definition Term Which filter is applied to the input and moves all frequencies above the Nyquist therom? Definition Anti-Aliasing Term Where is QE most significant? Definition At low amplitudes. Term How are Intervals determined? Definition Intervals are 2, to the x power. X being the bit depth. Term What is dither? Definition Dither is low level noise added to counteract QE Term What does dither effect? Definition The LSB - Least Significant Byte Term How do you determine storage calculation per second? Definition Sample Rate x Bit Depth Term What is the formula for GB per hour? Definition Sample rate x bit depth x 60 x 60 / 8 / 1024 / 1024 / 1024 Term What is a voice? Definition An audio event or a pathway to and from storage Term How many voices are there in PT? Definition 32 Term Which monitoring mode allows you to overdub? Definition Auto Monitoring Mode Term Which monitoring mode will not playback the record enabled track? Definition Input Monitoring Mode Term Which record mode is selection based? Definition Autopunch Term Which record mode can extend whole-file regions? Definition Destructive Term How many voices does destructive mode use on a mono track? Quickpunch mode? Definition 1 voice for destructive 2 voices for quickpunch Term Can offline regions be edited? Processed? Definition Yes. NO. Term How long is the minimum length of a fade? Definition 4 Samples Term Are Fade Files Audio Files? Definition Yes Term Which edit mode allows the nudge function? Definition All of them Term What are the 3 fade options? Definition Equal Power, Equal Gain, and NONE Term Which linking fade option adds a 3db bump between regions? Definition Equal Power. Term Which linking fade option is linear? Definition Equal Gain Term What 2 options are available in Clear Selected? Definition Remove and Delete Term Which clear option will remove an audio file from the audio file folder? Definition Delete Term What does compact selected do? Definition It removes unused portions from the memory. Term What is padding? Definition A cushion left for trimming compact selected regions Term How many levels of undo are there for ProTools? Definition 32 Term What is a plug-in? Definition An application within an application. Term What does the target button do? Definition Allows you to view multiple plugins at the same time Term Can a track's format be changed after it's created? How about it's output format? Definition No. yes. Term Do aux tracks and master faders handle audio? Definition Yes, but not DATA Term How much of the signal does a pre-fader insert affect? Definition 100% Term What is the difference between Dynamic and time based? Definition Dynamic effects are placed on the insert and effect 100% of the signal. Time based are placed on an aux track so a wet and dry signal can be made. Term What is different about cue mix routing? Definition Cue mixes use an output, not a bus. Term What are all the functions of bounce to disk? Definition Sample rate, bit depth, file type, stereo or mono, bounce output source, convert during or after bounce, import after bounce. Term What is a DSP chip? What does an audio interface do? Definition Digital Signal Processor. Converts A/D and D/A Term What is secondary storage used for? Definition Backup Term What is the difference between Hardware and Host-based? Definition Hardware works off of card, Host based off the CPU of the host computer. Term What is a hybrid system? Definition Host based with added hardware Term Can memory markers be made on the fly? Definition Yes Term Can memory markers be edited, deleted, and recalled? Definition Yes Term Name some digital I/O Formats Definition Madi - 56 or 64 channel AES/EDU is prosumer 2 channels Spdif is consumer 2 channels Spdif is most common Term What 3 options are available when setting time properties in a memory location. Name some general properties. Definition Markers, Selection, or NONE track height, zoom settings, pre or post roll, group enables Term What clears the undo queue? Does saving clear it? Definition deleting tracks, quitting pro tools, destructive recording. saving does not clear it Term Define the following: DAE DSP TDM Bus Insert Send Definition Digidesign audio engine digital signal processor time division multiplexing Bus - an internal audio pathway Insert - effects 100% of a signal Send - Copy Term How are plugins moved or copied? Definition Option - Drag Term Does the Mix window represent actual signal flow? Definition NO Term What modifier key allows you to view all loop recorded takes? Definition Apple Click with selector tool Term What is the Optimized Audi Protocol for Mac OS X? Pro Tools? Definition Core Audio. DAE Term You can run Pro Tools on NON-Digi hardware? T or F Definition False Term Name 4 Plug-in formats? What does Pro Tools LE support? Definition Rtas, AU, VST, Direct X. RTAS Term What can be monitored in the PT System Usage Window? Definition PCI, CPU, Disk space Term For tracking should you raise the H/W Buffer size to maximum? Definition No. Use low buffer size for recording, for less latency. Term Monitoring latency is the delay between what? How? Definition Input and Output. Caused by buffering at the CPU Term AudioSuite is file based? T or F. Destructive or NON Definition True. Can be either destructive or non. It is an offline process. Term What 2 graphical places can an AudioSuite process be found? Definition On the plug in itself, and audiosuite menu Term Can you consolidate files with AudioSuite processing? Definition Yes Term How many MIDI tracks does Pro Tools LE support? Definition 256 Term What MIDI Track views are available? Definition Regions, notes, velocity, controllers, volume, blocks, pan, mute, pitchbend, modulation Term Are MIDI regions stored in the Session File? Definition Yes Term MIDI notes can be edited in regions view? Definition NO Term The grabber tool can do what with MIDI? Definition Move, Copy, select, and Transport Term Which edit tool is destructive? Definition The Pencil Term Which pencil will draw in a series of notes? Definition Line Term What does flatten performance do in PT? Definition It gives you a new "restore to" state. Term How do you export MIDI? Definition File -> Export MIDI Term Should the MIDI Master's Local be ON/OFF when using PT as a sequencer. If local can not be turned off, what can you do? Definition OFF. If local cannot be turned off, what can you do? Disable Local Thru Term How do you set up a MIDI Click? Definition mono aux, go to the insert, under instruments Term How do you zoom out? Definition Option click with the zoom tool Term How do you zoom both horizontal and vertical? Definition Command Click Term How do you zoom to fit the session length to screen? Definition Double click with zoom Term Which type of system uses DSP chips? Definition Hardware-Based Term What tools make up the smart tool? Definition Trim, Selector, and Grabber Term How many markers can be used? Definition 999 Term How much dynamic range is in each bit? Definition 6 DB of dynamic range Term What is 0dBFS also known as? Can you record above 0dBFS? Definition Full Scale. No. Term What is the human hearing frequency range? Definition 20Hz to 20KHz Term Which monitoring mode monitors playback until you are recording? Definition Auto Monitoring Term How many punches are available in quickpunch? Definition 200 Term Which record mode creates a new region on each pass? Definition Loop Record Term What do audio protocols control? Definition How Hardware, software, and operating systems interact Term What is an iLok? Definition A Hardware dongle that carries authorizations Term What determines hard drive speed? Definition Rotation speed - minimum 7200 rpm Access time - maximum 9ms Bus Type Term When should you set the H/W buffer larger? Definition For mixing Term Is audiosuite file based? Definition Yes Term Is MIDI audio? Definition NO Term Does auto punch style recording create new regions each pass? Definition NO...only one pass in auto punch Term Is a parent region created with midi? Definition No Term MIDI is based on bars and beats, audio is sample based. Definition True Term Can a tempo change be performed with the conductor off? Definition NO Term What does identify beat do? Definition Realigns grid to the values you set Identifies beats per minute. Term What does ReWire do? Definition allows you to stream audio from other programs, streams midi, 64 channels can be sent over rewire Term How can MIDI info be bounced in Pro tools? Definition create an audio track and record it, and then bounce. Term In what order should your hardware related to your Pro Tools system by started up? Definition 1. Made sure all equipment is off 2. HD systems with an Expansion Chassis 3. Turn on Chassis 4. HD systems with Pro Control or Control 24, Icont D Control or DD-Command worksurfaces -- turn on all control surfaces 5. Turn on MIDI interfaces and devices 6. Turn on PT audio interfaces – wait 15 seconds 7. Start computer 8. Turn on monitor system Term Which rulers are not time based? Definition Tempo, Markers, and Meters Term What is the difference between Absolute and Relative Grid modes? Definition • Absolute – snaps to nearest boundaries • Relative – Regions can be moved. Grid will be relative to the nearest “beat” Term Identify all of the track types Pro Tools has to offer, and how they differ Definition • Audio – import/record and edit audio signal as a waveform • MIDI – store MIDI note and controller data • Instrument – combines the functions of MIDI tracks and aux inputs • Aux Input – can be used as an effects send, destination for a sub mix, a bounce destination, or an input to monitor and process live audio. • Master Fader – single fader used to control hardware output levels and bus paths Term Is default MIDI record mode destructive? Definition Yes Term Which Midi Recording is NON-destructive? Definition MIDI Merge Term What options do you have for bouncing midi? Definition Record to audio track, Bounce then Import, Bounce with Audio Term What is a Logical format? Definition specifies valid data types and player behaviors Term What is a physical Format? Definition specifies how disc is constructed and playback mechanism Term What are the standard specs for CD-DA? Definition 16bit - 44.1Khz Up to 99 Tracks Up to 74 minutes, 33 seconds Term What is the minimum track length for CD-DA? Definition 4 Seconds Term What is CD-R? Definition Orange Book Burned in the computer Term What is CD-RW? Definition CD that is rewriteable Term What is error correction? Definition Errors created in a cd being burned. Term Definition Term What is interleaving? Definition Rearranging data to minimize errors Term What is Parity? Definition Finding and fixing errors Term What is interpolation? Definition Making educated guesses of errors. Term Is there more error correction on data Cd's or audio? Definition Data Term How much memory can be stored on a 74 minute audio disk? How much data on the same cd? Definition 740 MB. 640 MB Term What are gapless techniques? Definition Audio file lengths matching a multiple of 588 Samples