Details Title: Audio Engineering-Monitoring Description: Speakers and Sound Total Flash Cards: 70 Created: 12/04/2008 18:46:00		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Engineering Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Within audio and video industries, the word monitor refers to what? Definition A device that acts as a subjective professional standard or reference by which program material can be judged Term What is one of the weakest links in the audio chain? Definition Speaker Term Why are speakers the weakest link in an audio chain? Definition Potential nonlinearities in speaker system's frequency response, interactions with a room's frequency response leads to peaks and dips that can affect a speaker's sonic character in ways that are difficult to predict Term Speakers are one of the most subjective tools in a production studio. True or False? Definition True Term Reducing ________ _____ help reduce erratic frequency response characteristics within a room Definition Standing Waves Term Reducing excessive ____ buildup in a room corners through the use of bass traps. Definition Bass Term Keeping the room/equipment layout ___________ throughout a room keeps the left/right and front/rear imaging consistent Definition Symmetrical Term Using __________ and __________ surfaces help "shape" the sonic character of a room Definition Absorptive, Reflective Term What is "tuning" or "equalizing" speakers? Definition Adjusting the frequency response to match the room and produce a reasonably flat sound Term What are the two ways a speaker system can be tuned? Definition Altering settings on the speaker Equalizing monitor output lines Term When speakers are placed in or near a corner or other loud boundary, what settings can be used to compensate for bass buildup? Definition Basic EQ setting controls Term How can you tune a large, passive monitor (farfield pair)? Definition Place a 1/3 octave bandwidth graphic equalizer between each of the console's control-room monitor outputs and the power amplifier Term How can the acoustic output be measured and adjusted? What instrument would you use? Definition Feed pink noise into each speaker. -Spectrum Analyzer Term What is a spectrum analyzer used for? Definition Visually displays the speaker's frequency response as measured through a specially calibrated omnidirectional condenser microphone. Term How do you use a spectrum analyzer? Definition The mic is placed at the console's central listening position and the mic is placed at spots throughout the listening area. Term Why is pink noise used when using a spectrum analyzer? Definition It is random in nature and doesn't stimulate standing waves within a room. Term How can a delay/reflection response of a speaker/room combination be accurately measured? Definition TEF Time Delay Spectrometer (TDS) Term What is another name for a patch point? Definition Insert Term In signal flow, where is the insert? Definition Between EQ and (right before bus) Fader Term You send signal through Channel Aux sends for _____ ______ inserts. Definition Time-Based Term What are some time-based inserts? Definition Reverb Delay -Chorus -Phlange -Phaser Term Define reverb. Definition A series of delays Term What is RT60? Definition Reverb time, amount of time for reverb to decay by 60 dB Term What does pre-delay do? Definition Makes your room sound bigger. Term What are 5 common reverb room settings? Definition Concert Hall Chamber Room Plate Spring Term What is an oscillator? Definition Varies frequency of delay time. Term What is the depth of an oscillator? Definition How much frequency delay time. Term What is the rate of an oscillator? Definition How often frequency delay time varies. Term 1-5 ms delay time is AKA what? Definition Phlange Term 15-30 ms delay time is AKA what? Definition Chorus Term Delay time is AKA what? Definition Phase shift Term What is the Haas effect? Definition 2nd signal is not perceived unless 20ms delay or more is used Term What is slapback delay? Definition 45-60 ms delay Term A speaker uses the same basic principle (but opposite) as which type of microphone? Definition Dynamic Term What is resonant frequency? Definition Point at which vibration automatically happens with no added energy Term What is compliance? Definition Ability of loudspeaker to to vibrate (stiffness) Term What is the excursion of a loudspeaker? Definition The maximum width a cone can vibrate Term What is the 3:1 rule? Definition You should send 3x as much electrical power to a low frequency driver than a high-compression driver Term Are high frequencies unidirectional or omnidirectional? Definition Unidirectional Term Are low frequencies unidirectional or omnidirectional? Definition Omnidirectional Term A speakers ability to be unidirectional or omnidirectional is AKA what? Definition Spread or Polar Pattern Term What is a common crossover point for a 2-way system? Definition 1kH Term How many crossover points do you have in a 4-way system? Definition 3 Term Why would a speaker have a vent or port? Definition It allows energy to escape Term Coupling gives how many deciBels increase? Definition 6 in theory, 3 in practice Term What is the resistance of a standard speaker? Definition 8 ohms Term What is the formula for resistance of a series circuit? Definition Rt=R1+R2+R3... Term In a series ciruit, the total resistance equals what? Definition Sum of all impedances Term What is the formula for total resistance in a parallel circuit? Definition 1/Rt=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3... Term What happens to power output when resistance is cut in half? Definition Power output doubles Term Why would you use a crossover network? Definition To separate frequencies sent to speakers, as not to harm/break/blow them Term A 2-channel amplifier produces a __-way system. Definition 2 (NOT STEREO) Term ________ __________ increases speaker efficiency. Definition Speaker Horn Term What is it called when frequencies are spearated after amplification? Definition Passive Crossover Term Why would you use a passive crossover? Definition Easy, Inexpensive (you only need a capacitator and a resistor) Term What is it called when frequencies are separated before amplification? Definition Active Crossover Term What cables connect amplifiers to speakers? Definition NL2, NL4, Speakon Term Should you plug instrument cables to amplifier outputs? Definition NO, IT'S BADDDD!!! Term 1st order=_____dB/octave rolloff Definition 6 Term Unity Gain=_____ VU Definition Term What is another name for in-phase? Definition Time Aligned Term What is a coaxial design in speakers? Definition Highs are placed on top of lows (car speakers) Term How would you fix a time shift? Definition Add DELAY!!! Term What is the velocity of sound? Definition 1130 ft/sec Term What is the inverse square law? Definition When distance is doubled, dB's decrease by 6 Term 2 speakers and producer should be at what type of triange? Definition Equilateral, 60 deg. Term Where would a speaker have to be to produce whole-space coupling? Definition Suspended in mid-air. Term Where would a speaker have to be to produce half space coupling? Definition Against a wall Term Where would a speaker have to be to produce quarter space coupling? Definition In a corner Term Where would a speaker have to be to produce eighth space coupling? Definition In 3 reflective surfaces