Term
health care worker
swollen eyelid
coagulase positive
CD? Name? Dx? Tx? |
|
Definition
stye
staphylococcus aureus
beta hemolytic
warm compress
Risk? Symptom? Dx?
|
|
|
Term
gram positive
"grape-like clusters"
stye
Reservoir? VFs? Name?
|
|
Definition
external skin folds
Leukocidin
Coagulase
Hyaluronidase
Fibrinolysin
Staphylococcus aureus
IA? IA? CD? |
|
|
Term
stye
positive mannitol fermentor
Name? Dx? Dx? |
|
Definition
staphylococcus aureus
catalase +
Beta-hemolytic
CD? Dx? |
|
|
Term
gram +
non-spore forming
pleomorphic
Anyone
Name? CD? Dx? |
|
Definition
Propionibacterium acnes
stye
enriched media - cysteine
IA? IA? IA? Risk? |
|
|
Term
gram +
pleomorphic rod
pro-inflammatory mediators
lipases, neuraminades, proteases
Name? Transmission? Tx, Tx, Tx, Tx? |
|
Definition
Propionibacterium acnes
overgrowth
Benzoyl peroxide, tetracyclines, clindamycin, macrolides
IA? IA? VFs?
|
|
|
Term
Pink-eye with discharge
gram negative rod
Name? Dx? |
|
Definition
Haemophilus influenzae
specific growth req. for Chocolate Blood Agar
Symptom? IA? |
|
|
Term
IgA protease
Pili
PRP capsule
CD? Name? |
|
Definition
Purulent conjunctivitis
Haemophilus influenzae
VFs? |
|
|
Term
Gram negative Rod
Encapsulated or w/out capsule
Requires hemin (X factor) + NAD (V factor)
Transmission? Tx? Tx?
|
|
Definition
Direct contact to mucous membranes
Purulent conjunctivitis
Sulfonamide + Trimethoprim (SXT) or Augmentin
IA? Dx?
|
|
|
Term
aegyptius
dilation and congestion of blood vessels in conjunctiva
Name? Dx? |
|
Definition
Haemophilus influenzae
Chocolate Blood Agar
Subtype? Symptoms?
|
|
|
Term
Gram positive
Encapsulated
Lancet-shaped paired cocci
Name? Transmission? |
|
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Respiratory droplet
IA? |
|
|
Term
Capsule
Iga proteases
Pneumolysin
Penicillin
Name? Dx?
|
|
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neufeld/Quellung reaction
Bile solubility
Optochin susceptibility
Alpha-hemolysis
No Lancefield grouping
VFs? Tx? |
|
|
Term
No Lancefield specific carbohydrate
Capsule
Polyvalent capsular vaccine
PCV7 conjugate vaccine
Name? CD? |
|
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Purulent conjunctivitis
IA?
Capsule?
Vaccine(s)? |
|
|
Term
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Purulent conjunctivitis
Lancefield grouping?
Hemoloysis?
Risk factors? |
|
Definition
NO group specific carbohydrate
Alpha hemolysis
Children
Name?
CD? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gram negative
diplo-coccus
facultative intracellular
oxidase positive
catalase positive
Name? |
|
|
Term
No capsule
Membrane with LOS
Pili
Iga protease
Name? Dx tests? |
|
Definition
Neisseria gonorrhea
NYC/ Thayer-Martin
Glucose-utilization
VFs? |
|
|
Term
Ophthalmia neonatorum
Gram negative
Name? Transmission? Risk factors? |
|
Definition
Neisseria gonorrhea
Neonatal transmission
Neonates
CD? IA? |
|
|
Term
Neonatal purulent conjunctivitis
Neisseria gonorrhea
Dx? Vaccine? Tx? |
|
Definition
Thayer Martin/ NYC
Glucose only utilization
NO VACCINE
Eyedrops containing antibiotics
CD? Name? |
|
|
Term
Selective media
Facultative intracellular
Gram negative
Adult purulent conjunctivitis
Name? Reservoir? Transmission? |
|
Definition
Neisseria gonorrhea
Humans
Autoinnoculation after GU infection
Dx? IA? CD?
|
|
|
Term
Adenovirus
Humans
IA? CD? |
|
Definition
ds DNA virus
non-enveloped
Nonpurulent conjunctivitis
Name? Reservoir? |
|
|
Term
By aerosol, direct contact, fomites, poorly chlorinated pools; some people have it as normal flora
Formation of papillae
Humans
Name? CD? |
|
Definition
Adenovirus
Nonpurulent conjunctivitis
Transmission? What happens to conjunctiva? Reservoir?
|
|
|
Term
Very wet eyelashes
Formation of papillae
Infects anyone
Name? Dx? Tx? |
|
Definition
Adenovirus
Detection of Ag is diagnostic tool
No treatment available
Symptoms? Risk factors?
|
|
|
Term
Chlamydia trachomatis
Serovars A-C and D-K
IA? |
|
Definition
Obligate intracellular
E and R bodies
Name? Anything specific about it?
|
|
|
Term
Conjunctivitis progressing to Keratitis and if chronic--> Ocular Trachoma
Clinical presentation plus DFA
Grown on McCoy/HeLa cells |
|
Definition
Chlamydia trachomatis
Flies and fomites
CD?
Another name for inclusion conjunctivitis?
Dx?
Cell culture? |
|
|
Term
Chlamydia trachomatis
Doxycycline, Erythromycin
Stages of CD? Topical treatment? |
|
Definition
Trichiasis --> Scarring --> Corneal Opacity
Topical treatment not effective
b/c of extraocular sites of colonization
Name? Antibiotics? |
|
|
Term
Reticulate bodies in cells
Follicular conjunctivitis with inflammatory infiltrate
Name? Transmission? |
|
Definition
Chlamydia trachomatis
Repiratory or fecal oral may occur in endemic areas
What do infected cells look like? Symptoms? |
|
|
Term
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
IA? |
|
Definition
Gram negative bacilli
Oxidase positive
Name? |
|
|
Term
Keratitis/ Keratoconjunctivitis --> Endopthalmitis
Pyocyanin & Pyochelin Pigments
Name? Dx? |
|
Definition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Natural fluoresence under UV light
Lactose non-fermentor
CD of eyes? Proinflammatory VFs?
|
|
|
Term
Natural fluorescence under UV light
Oxidase positive
Lactose non-fermentor
Keratitis/ Keratoconjunctivitis
Name? VFs? |
|
Definition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pyocyanin & Pyochelin
Exotoxin A
Phospholipid C/ Rhamnolipid
Ocular: Dx? CD?
|
|
|
Term
Rapidly progressive ocular infection - w/in 12-48 hours after trauma
Oxidase positive
Occurs in patients with underlying chronic disease
Name? Structural features? |
|
Definition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Capsule, biogilm, efflux pumps
Symptom? Dx? Risk factors?
|
|
|
Term
Heavy mucopurulent discharge
Stromal suppuration, corneal edema, anterior chamber hypopyon
Natural fluorescence
Name? Tx? Transmission? |
|
Definition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Combination of topical antibiotics
Water aerosols, DC with wounds
Ocular symptoms? Dx?
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gram positive
Spore forming rod
Aerobic
Keratitis
Name? |
|
|
Term
Cereolysin
Phospolopase C
Necrotic Toxin
Name? Transmission? |
|
Definition
Bacillus cereus
Eye trauma, contact lens solutions, IDUs
VFs?
|
|
|
Term
Bacillus cereus
Chromogenic Bacillus cereus agar
Presence of spores
CD? Symptoms?
|
|
Definition
Keratitis
Rapidly progressive - w/in 12-48 hours after traume
Loss of sight w/in 48 hours!
Name? Dx? |
|
|
Term
Bacillus cereus
Loss of sight may occur!
In soil, water, airborne dust
IA? Dx? Antibiotics?
|
|
Definition
Gram positive, spore forming rod, aerobic
Special agar and Beta-hemolytic
Clindamycin or Gentamicin or combo of both
Name? Worst part about it? Reservoir? |
|
|
Term
Bacillus cereus
Keratitis maybe even blindness!
Presence of spores
Transmission? VFs?
|
|
Definition
Direct contact or contaminated blood (hematogenous)
Cereolysin, Phospholipase C, Necrotic Toxin
Name? CD? Dx? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Monomorphic fungus with septate hyphae
Fungal Keratitis
Name? |
|
|
Term
Traumatic implantation of spores
Central corneal ulcer
Keratic precipitates around the ulcer
Slit lamp photography
Produces PHOSPHOLIPASE
Name? |
|
Definition
Aspergillus spp.
Transmission? CD? IA?
|
|
|
Term
Aspergillus spp.
Treated with topical antifungal drops
Dx? Risk groups?
|
|
Definition
Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) without cycloheximide
Confocal microscopy
Due to trauma, corticosteroid use, immunosuppression, surgery, chronic keratitis, contact lens use
Name? Tx? |
|
|
Term
Fusarium spp.
IA? Transmission? |
|
Definition
Monomorphic mold
Slender septate hyphae
Traumatic implantation
Name?
|
|
|
Term
Fungal Keratitis
Central corneal ulcer, corneal infiltrate and keratic precipitates --> scarring
Organisms responsible? Dx? |
|
Definition
Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp.
Confocal microscopy
Sabouraud dextrose agar
CD? Symptoms? |
|
|
Term
Monomorphic mold with slender septate hyphae
Fruiting bodies are cylindrical structures with a small collarette
Name? Specific Dx? |
|
Definition
Fusarium spp.
Gram and Giensa stains
KOH wet mounts to identify fungal elements
IA? |
|
|
Term
Acanthamoeba castellani
IA? CD?
|
|
Definition
Amoebe - protozoan
Keratitis
Name?
|
|
|
Term
Common in nature, drought conditions leads to increased numbers of amoeba in bodies of water
Keratitis
Name? |
|
Definition
Acanthamoeba castellani
Reservoir? CD?
|
|
|
Term
Acanthamoeba castellani
Microscopy, biopsy
Treatment infeffective
CD? Symptoms? Why is it special?
|
|
Definition
Keratitis
Ring infiltrates, late stage opacity
Progresses VERY SLOWLY
11 days to 15 months!
Periods of remission...
Name? Dx? Tx?
|
|
|
Term
Acanthamoeba castellani
Trophozoites
Risk?
|
|
Definition
Contact lens wearers
Corneal abrasions
Contaminated water
Name? Metabolically active stage?
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Loa Loa
Loaiasis - Keratitis
African Eye Worm Disease
Transmission? Symptoms? Vision?
|
|
Definition
Deer fly or mango fly (Chrysops)
Infection of cornea --> keratitis
Painful swellings
NO LOSS OF VISION
Name? CD? Common name?
|
|
|
Term
Loa Loa
Painful swellings as larvae migrate
Monkeys; humans - RAIN FORESTS
Dx? Tx?
|
|
Definition
Clinical presentation, microfilaria in blood smear
Eosinophilia
Antiparasitic drugs
Surgical removal from eye
Name? Calabar ____ = ? Reservoir? |
|
|
Term
Loa Loa
Calabar swellings due to larvae
Eosinophilia
Risk? CD?
|
|
Definition
Going to equatorial rainforests of Africa
Loaiasis-Keratitis
Name? Specific symptom? Dx? |
|
|
Term
Herpes Simplex Viruses
IA? Treatment? |
|
Definition
ds linear DNA
Enveloped
Acyclovir
Name? |
|
|
Term
Dendritic keratitis
Found in man
Tzanck smear, Impression cytology
Name? Symptoms? |
|
Definition
Herpes Simplex Viruses
Corneal bullae which merge to form a dendritic pattern
Progresses to a DENDRITIC ULCER
CD? Reservoir? Dx?
|
|
|
Term
Herpes Simplex Viruses
Antiviral eyedrops (Acyclovir)
Neonates, children, sexually active ppl, health care workers, immunocompromised
Transmission? CD?
|
|
Definition
Contact with skin or mucosa, STD
Transplacental/ Neonatal
Dendritic Keratitis
Name? Tx? Risk?
|
|
|
Term
Corneal bullae that coalesce into dendritic pattern
Dendritic ulcer development
Health care workers
Name? Diagnosis? |
|
Definition
Herpes Simplex Viruses
Tzanck smear, ELISA, PCR, Impression cytology
Symptoms? Most at risk? |
|
|
Term
Onchocerca volvulus
Demonstration of organism in skin snips
IA? Transmission? |
|
Definition
Filarial nematode
Black flies (Simulium)
Name? Dx? |
|
|
Term
Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)
Black flies (Simulium)
Black fly/ Human lifecycle
Name? Ocular symptoms? |
|
Definition
Onchocerca volvulus
Inflammatory reaction to Ags released by microfilaria
Punctate keratitis leading to sclerosing keratitis
Eventually cornea becomes opaque --> BLINDNESS
CD? Transmission? Reservoir?
|
|
|
Term
Onchocerca volvulus
Filarial nematode
Black flies (Simulium)
Risk? Skin symptoms?
|
|
Definition
Working outdoors in certain parts of Africa
Itching, swelling, inflammation
Skin atrophy - lizard skin
Depigmentation - leopard skin
Name? IA? Transmission?
|
|
|
Term
Lizard skin and Leopard skin
Demonstration of skin snips from skin swellings
Name? CD? Tx? |
|
Definition
Onchocerca volvulus
Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)
Surgical removal of nodes; anti-parasitic drugs
Skin symptoms? Dx?
|
|
|
Term
Microfilaria on surface of cornea
Punctate keratitis --> sclerosing keratitis
Blindness
Name? IA? |
|
Definition
Onchocerca volvulus
Filarial nematode
Ocular symptoms?
|
|
|
Term
Gram positive
Pleomorphic rod
Keratitis w/ ulcer formation
Name? Dx? |
|
Definition
Propionibacterium acnes
Enriched media - cystine
IA? Corneal CD?
|
|
|
Term
Propionibacterium acnes
Lipases, neuraminidases, phosphatases, proteases
Overgrowth
Corneal CD? Following cataract surgery?
|
|
Definition
Keratitis w/ ulcer formation
Endophthalmitis following cataract surgery
Name? VFs? |
|
|
Term
Styes
Keratitis w/ ulcer formation
Endophthalmitis
Name?
IA? |
|
Definition
Propionibacterium acnes
Gram positive
Non spore forming
Pleomorphic rod
ALL CDs caused?
|
|
|
Term
Candida Albicans
Normal body flora skin, mouth, vagina, GI
IA? Treatment? |
|
Definition
Yeast fungus
Produces pseudohyphae
Imidazoles
Amphotericin B for systemic disease
Name? Reservoir?
|
|
|
Term
Endophthalmitis
Symptoms? Causative agents? |
|
Definition
Inflammation of ocular cavity and nearby structures
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bacillus cereus
Candida albicans
Staphlococcus (only in post operative infections)
Propionibacterium acnes (following cataract surgeries)
CD? |
|
|
Term
View of posterior chamber/ vitreous humour shows fluffy ball or "cotton candy" appearance
Sabouraud Destrose Agar
Hematogenous transmission
Name? CD? Tx? |
|
Definition
Candida Albicans
Endophthalmitis
Imidazoles; Amphotericin B for systemic disease
Dx? Transmission?
|
|
|
Term
Candida Albicans
Those with Candidemia who get eye surgery, IDUs
IA? Reservoir?
|
|
Definition
Yeast fungus, produces pseudohyphae
Normal body flora in skin, mouth, vagina, intestines
Name? Risk factors? |
|
|
Term
Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5)
Man, 80% are carriers
IAs? CD? |
|
Definition
ds DNA
Enveloped
Latency in mononuclear cells
Retinitis/ Chorioretinitis
Name? Reservoir? |
|
|
Term
A reactivation in immunocompromised
Most common post transplant infection
30% of AIDS patients
Treated with Foscarnet and gancyclovir
Name? CD? |
|
Definition
Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5)
Acute retinal necrosis begins peripherally and extends centrally
Internal yellow-white retinal exudates
Retinal detachment
Clinical expression? Tx?
|
|
|
Term
Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5)
Retinitis/ Chorioretinitis
Owl's eye appearance
Symptoms? Dx?
|
|
Definition
Painless loss of vision
Risk of retinal detachment
DFA, in situ hybridization
Serological profile
Name? CD? Microscopy?
|
|
|
Term
Toxoplasma gondii
Primarily felines, humans and other warm-blooded animals
IA? Transmission? |
|
Definition
Sporozoan parasite
Intracellular
Eating oocysts, handling cat feces, or undercooked meat
Name? Reservoir? |
|
|
Term
Retinitis/ Chorioretinitis
Granulomatous response
Acute retinal granuloma
Name? Dx? |
|
Definition
Toxoplasma gondii
Cat scan shows RING ENHANCING LESIONS
CD? Problems caused?
|
|
|
Term
Toxoplasma gondii
At risk are pregnant women and fetuses
Transmission? Problems caused? Prevention?
|
|
Definition
Transplacental transmision from infected mother to fetus
Acute retinal granuloma (DISTINCT to this one)
Toxoplasmosis infection of everything in a neonate or immunocompromised
Avoid cat poop during pregnancy or immunocompromised
Name? Risk?
|
|
|
Term
Sporozoan parasite
intracellular
Found in cat feces
Name? Dx? |
|
Definition
Toxoplasma gondii
Ring enhancing lesions!
IA? Where can it be found the most?
|
|
|
