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Definition
| the smallest representative particle of an element |
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| particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons that are smaller than an atom |
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| streams of electrons that are produced when a high voltage is applied to electrodes in an evacuated tube |
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| possessing radioactivity, the spontaneous disintegration of an unstable atomic nucleus with accompanying emission of radiation |
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| model of the atom with a nucleus containing protons and neutrons with electrons in the space outside the nucleus |
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Definition
| a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom |
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Definition
| an electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom; it has approximately the same mass as a proton |
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| a negatively charged subatomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus; it is part of all atoms. an electron has a mass 1/1836 times that of a proton |
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Definition
| the negative charge carried by an electron; it has a magnitude of 1.602*10^-19 |
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| a unit based on the value of exactly 12 amu for the mass of the isotope of carbon that has six protons and six neutrons in the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| a common non-SI unit of length that is used to measure atomic dimensions (= 10^-10 m) |
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Definition
| the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element |
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Definition
| the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a particular atom |
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Definition
| atoms of the same element containing different numbers of neutrons and therefore having different masses |
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Term
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Definition
the average mass of the atoms of an element in atomic mass units
(amu); it is numerically equal to the mass in grams of one mole of the element |
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Term
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Definition
| an instrument used to measure the precise masses and relative amounts of atomic and molecular ions |
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Term
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Definition
| the arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number, which elements having similar properties placed in vertical columns |
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Term
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Definition
| elements that are in the same column of the periodic table; elements within the same group or family exhibit similarities in their chemical behavior |
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| the row of elements that lie in a horizontal row |
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Term
| metallic elements (metals) |
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Definition
| elements that are usually solids at room temperature, exhibit high electrical and heat conductivity, and appear lustrous. most of the elements in the periodic table are metals |
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Term
| nonmetallic elements (nonmetals) |
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Definition
| elements in the upper right corner of the periodic table; nonmetals differ from metals in their physical and chemical properties |
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Definition
| elements that lie along the diagonal line separating the metals from the nonmentals in the periodic table; the properties of metalloids are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals |
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Term
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Definition
| a chemical combination of two or more atoms |
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Definition
| a compound that consists of molecules |
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| a molecule composed of only two atoms |
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| a notation that uses chemical symbols with numerical subscripts to convey the relative proportions of atoms of the different elements in a substance |
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| a chemical formula that shows the kinds of atoms and their relative numbers in a substance in the smallest possible whole-number rations |
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Definition
| a chemical formula that indicates the actual number of atoms of each element |
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Definition
| a formula that shows not only the number and kinds of atoms in the molecule but also the arrangement (connections) of the atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| electrically charged atom or group of atoms (polyatomic ion); ions can be positively or negatively charged, depending on whether electrons are last (positive) or gained (negative) by the atoms |
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| a compound composed of cations and anions |
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Definition
| an electrically charged group of two or more atoms |
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| the rules used in naming substances |
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| a polyatomic anion that contains one or more oxygen atoms |
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Definition
| the study of carbon-containing compounds typically containing carbon-carbon bonds |
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| compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen |
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Definition
| compounds of carbon and hydrogens containing only carbon-carbon single bonds |
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| an organic compounds obtained by substituting a hydroxyl group (--OH) for a hydrogen on a hydrocarbon |
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| compounds whose molecules have the same overall composition but different structures |
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