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| Brand: Ventolin Proair, Proventil, AccuNeb |
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CV: Tachycardia(inc. elderly), palpitations, hyper-hypotension
NM: tremor, weakness, muscle cramping, dizziness, nervousness
Metabolic: hyperglycemia, hypokalemia |
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Definition
dec. effect: beta blockers
inc effect: anticholinergics
inc. toxicity: MAO inhibitors, TCAs, sympathomimetics
Elderly: may dec. K in patients on diuretics |
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| Long-term bronchospasm prevention |
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| What LABA is only used in COPD? |
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| Which LABA has shorter onset time? |
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| What age group is contraindicated for asthma LABAs? |
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Bronchospasm and mucus secretion prevention
bronchodilator |
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| Which Anticholinergic has longer duration of action? |
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| What age group is contraindicated in Anticholinergics? |
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| What are the ADRs for Anticholinergics? |
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| Dry mouth, cough, worsened narrow-angle glaucoma, dizziness, upset stomach, vision changes, inc. CV/stroke/MI risk in elderly |
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| Which Anticholinergic reduces the morbidity in COPD? |
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| Generic: Ipratropium + Albuterol |
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| What does Combivent increase in COPD? |
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| Brand: Elixophyllin, Theo-24, Theocap, Theochron, Uniphyl |
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Definition
| nonselective PDA inhibitor |
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| Dec. constriction, dec. histamine release, antiinflammatory, inc. mucociliary clearance, inc. diaphragm contractility |
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Definition
Acute toxicity- N/V, tachycardia, seizures, tachyarrithymia
Headache, insomnia, dizziness, neuromuscular irritability |
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Definition
| CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 substrate-> many DIs |
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| What are the Systemic Glucocorticoids? |
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Definition
Methylprednisolone (Medrol)
Prednisone (Deltasone)
Prednisolone (Prelone, Orapred)
Methylprednisolone Acetate (Depo-Medrol)
Methylprednisolone Na Succinate (Solumedrol) |
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| What are the ADRs for Systemic Glucocorticoids? |
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Definition
Long-term: Cushing's Syndrome, HTN, inc. susceptibility to infections, osteoporosis, myopathy, cataracts, growth arrest in children, dec. wound healing, glaucoma, diabetes
Short-term: inc. appetite, mood alteration, peptic ulcer, weight gain, fluid retention, hyperglycemia |
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| What are the Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS)? |
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Definition
Mometasone (Asmanex)
Beclomethasone (QVAR)
Budesonide (Pulmicort)
Ciclesonide (Alvesco)
Flunisolide (Aerobid)
Fluticasone (Flovent)
Triamcinolone (Azmacort) |
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Term
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Definition
| dec. hyperreactivity, inc. beta2 receptors, dec. mucus secretion, dec. vscular permeability |
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| Which ICS is used once daily? |
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Definition
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Definition
| oral candidis (thrush), dysphonia, reflex cough |
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| Generic: Salmeterol/Fluticasone |
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Definition
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| Generic: Formoterol/Budesonide |
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| Generic: Mometasone/Formoterol |
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| MOA of Mast Cell Stabilizers? |
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Definition
| blockade of delayed Cl channels-> decrease cytokine production (inhibit both early and late phase reactions) |
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| Mast Cell Stabilizer Use? |
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Definition
| Only used in asthma; only prophylactically and chronically against EIB and allergen induced asthma; inhibits cough |
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| Mast Cell Stabilizer ADR? |
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Definition
throat irritation
rare: bronchospasm, cough, laryngeal edema, joint pain and swelling, angioedema, rash, headache, nausea |
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| What Class is Zileuton (Zyflo) in? |
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Definition
| 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors |
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Term
| Leukotriene Modifiers Use? |
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Definition
Long-term control of mild asthma, glucocorticoid sparing effect
Helpful for aspirin-induced asthma |
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Term
| MOA of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist? |
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Definition
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| What are the drugs in the class of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist? |
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Definition
Zafirlukast (Accolate)
Montelukast (Singulair) |
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| Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist ADR? |
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Definition
Hepatoxicity
children: behavior changes/ inc. risk of suicide |
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| Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist DI? |
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Definition
| Warfarin (CYP3A4 and CYP2C9) |
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| 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor ADR? |
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Definition
| Theophylline, Wafarin (CYP3A4) |
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| Dec. exacerbations, dec. SABA use, dec. symptoms, for those that have allergies |
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Definition
| anti-IgE antibodies-> prevents IgE binding to mast cells and basophils |
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| What age group is contraindicated for Omalizumab (Xolair)? |
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| serious anaphylaxis, injection site pain |
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| What drug class is Ruflimulast ? |
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dec. pulmonary immune cell action
dec. inflammation |
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prolong lifetime of cGMP
relax smooth muscle |
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Definition
Sildenafil (Revatio)
Tadalafil (Adcirca) |
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| What drug classes are used for COPD associated Cor Pulmonale therapy? |
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Definition
PDE-5 Inhibitors
Calcium Channel Blockers
Prostacyclin Agonist Analogs
Endothelin Antagonists |
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| What drugs can be used for Smoking Cessation? |
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Definition
Nicotine Replacement Therapy
Bupropion SR
Varencicline |
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