lec 18

aka Tylenol, relieve pain and fever

NOT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

Inhibition of Prostaglandins

H1 Histamine receptor antagonist

-prevent eye irritation caused by allergies.

-Can be given to patients as young as 2 years old

Treatment of gout, works by decreasing uric acid production

Lec 16

an antipsychotic that blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors.

It is atypical and is therefore effective against both positive and negative symptoms.

It is a preferred first line of treatment, lower risk for parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia.

A possible treatment for bipolar disorder

-lec 14

-a psycho motor non stimulant, used to treat ADHD however it is less addictive than Ritalin (not a controlled substance)

-selective Norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor

auranofin (Ridaura)

-used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, decreases inflammation

-lec 17

-a GABA agonist, used as a muscle relaxant to treat muscle spasm

-a muscarinic antagonist used to treat Parkinsons, reserved for younger patients who still have a lot of acetylcholine left.

Benztropine reaches the CNS better than Atropine

-alpha adrenergic agonist used to treat glaucoma, works by decreasing aqueous production

-a topical NSAID given once a day, used to treat pain and inflammation following cataract surgery

-a direct dopamine agonist used to treat Parkonsin’s

-it is also used to treat post partum lactation and acromegaly

used to treat osteoporosis, a hormonal agent secreted by parafollicular cells, good for patients who cannot take Bisphosphonates or ERT

Calcitonin moves calcium from the blood into bone.

Source is salmon 

Lec 15-a second generation anti-epileptic

-also used as a treatment for mania or bipolar disorder (anti-convulsant)

-works by inhibiting glutamate receptors

-may increase risk of suicide

-a first generation anti-psychotic, blocks post synaptic dopamine receptors, treats positive symptoms (Typical vs. Atypical)

-may cause corneal deposits

-a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor used to treat depression and anxiety

-treats gout by binding to tubules, preventing transport

-mast cell stabilizer used to prevent symptoms of asthma

-lec 17-an antispasmodic agent, alleviates skeletal muscle spasms, is similar to TCAs

-a directly acting skeletal muscle relaxant

-also an antidote for malignant hyperthermia

-inhibits the release of Ca from storage, thus decreasing muscle contraction

-a potent, long acting, ketone based, corticosteroid, treats red eye

-may increase IOP thus prednisolone is generally preferred

-increases attention, used to treat narcolepsy and ADHD

-indirect agonist of NE and  DA

-increases GABA, used to treat status epilepticus which is a seizure that lasts 30 min

-a topical NSAID used as an analgesic 

-an appetite suppressant, works by stimulating the release of NE and DA

-an emulsion-form corticosteroid

-used to treat ocular pain, inflammation and uveitis

-a cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat Alzheimers

SE of diarrhea, nausea and vomiting

-a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor which reduces aqueous production

-found in Cosopt which is a combination glaucoma drug, 

-a nonbenzodiazepine drug for treating insomnia, binds GABA type A receptors

-has less anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity than older sleep promoting meds.

-an antiepileptic the blocks Ca++ channels 

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

-a second generation antidepressant

-selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor

-Prozac is the longest acting, it can be taken only once/week, safe for younger patients.

-may increase risk of suicide

-a cholinesterase inhibitor, Alzheimer treatment

-cognitive benefits sustained for up to 3 months

a high potency anti-psychotic used to treat Schizophrenia

-Typical (works against positive Sx)

-used to replace natural corticosteroids in a deficient patient

-naturally increases blood sugar, suppresses immune system, and aids in fat, protein and carb metabolism

-osteoporosis treatment, inhibits osteoclast activity

prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor,

relieves pain and inflammation, prophylaxis of MI and stroke,used to close ductus arteriosus

-histamine receptor blocker used to treat allergic conjunctivitis

-mast cell stabilizer and antihistamine

-OTC allergy med

-2^nd generation anti-epileptic drug

-inhibits glutamate receptors

-a prostaglandin glaucoma med, decreases IOP by increasing uveosclera outflow. 

-a mood stabilizer, used to treat bipolar disorder, also a common treatment for manic depression

-contraindicated in patients with severe renal disease

-has a low therapeutic index.

-a benzodiazepine, increases the action of GABA, an intermediate acting drug.

-prescribe for patients with alcohol withdrawal

-an ester based corticosteroid used to treat inflammation,

-may increase IOP

-an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, since this receptor is activate but glutamate it is in turn a glutamateantagonist

-used to treat Alzheimers (note that most other anti-Alzheimer drugs are cholinesterase inhibitors)

-dizziness is a common side effect

-anti-cancer drug

-prevents folic acid synthesis and thus cell replication

-indirect stimulant of NE and DA, increasing their activity and thus increasing attention and improving learning.

-ADHD drug

-indirect acting sympathomimetic, increases the activity of NE and DA

-used in treatment of ADHD, narcolepsy and obesity

-a prodrug used to treat pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery

-antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer

-commonly used to treat ocular allergies

-more potent than OTC

-antiobesity

-increases NE and inhibits lipase (so lipids are not broken down)

-an SSRI

-treats depression and anxiety

-decreases libido

-MAOI-mono amine oxidase inhibitor-thus inhibits the breakdown of catecholamies like NE.

-antidepressant

-an appetite suppressant for short term management of obesity

-increases release of NE and DA and inhibits their re-uptake

-epilepsy med, especially status epilepticus

-blocks Na+ channels thus inhibiting transmission of impulse, 

-a preferred treatment for ocular inflammation, a ketone based corticosteroid

-treats uveitis and episcleritis

-gout med

-increases excretion of urate by preventing reabsorption in the kidney

-a SERM (selective estrogen receptor modulator)

-an estrogen antagonist, decreases bone absorption, thus increasing bone mass and density

-treatment of osteoporosis, also decreases risk of breast cancer

-binds with high affinity to melatonin receptors, treatment for insomnia

-a cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment

Of Alzheimers

-taken with food to prevent nausea

-­MAOI type B

-Parkinsons treatment and neuroprotective properties

-used in earlier stages of Parkinsons while patient’s own DA is still present

-antidepressant

-SSRI

-blocks 5-HT which is a serotonin receptor

-a potassium sparing diuretic, treats edema

-low potency first generation anti-psychotic

-tx for schizophrenia as well as a sedative, can cause retinal problems and corneal deposits

-a beta blocker, glaucoma and migraine med

-alpha 2 agonist

-antispasmodic agent

-COMT inhibitor (Catechol-O-methyl-Transferase inhibitor)

-treatment of parkinsons

-given in combination with levodopa, prevents conversion of levodopa, so as to lengthen its half life-allows it to be active longer.

-ineffective on its own

-NSAID, COX-2 inhibitor

-an anticonvulsant

-contraindicated in patients with hepatic impairment

-treatment of acute mania

-prophylaxis for recurrent manic and depressive episodes

-for erectile dysfunction

-increases blood flow by inhibiting phosphodiesterase

-prevention of osteoporosis

-decrease osteoclast formation and activity

-increases osteoclast destruction

-inhibit cholesterol biosynthetic pathway which is important for osteoclast function

-a non-benzodiazepine type hypnotic agent used to treat insomnia

-has greater specificity at one GABA type A receptor.

Donepezil

Galantamine

Rivastigmine

Mementine

The first 3 are Cholinesterase inhibitors, Mementine is an NMDA receptor antagonist

Bromocriptine-dopamine agonist

Benztropine-cholinergic antagonist

Selegiline MAOI (type B)

Tolcapone -extends the life of L-Dopa

Eszopiclone

Ramelteon

Zolpidem

Ramelteon binds to melatonin receptors, the other 2 are nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agents that bind to GABA type A receptors

Carbamazepine-blocks glutamate receptors

Diazepam-increases GABA

Ethosuximide-blocks Ca++ channels

Lamotrigine-blocks glutamate receptors

Phenytoin-blocks Na+ channels

Name the 3 drugs listed to treat obesity (appetite suppressants)

What is their main mechanism?

Diethylpropion

Orlistat

Phentermine

They stimulate NE

Orlistat also inhibits lipase

Allopurinol

Colchicine

Probenecid

Calcitonin-moves calcium from blood to bone

Ibandronate-inhibits osteoclasts

Raloxifene-estrogen antagonist

Zoledronic Acid-disrupts osteoclast synthesis and activity

Brimonidine is an alpha adrenergic agonist and it decreases aqueous production as well as increases outflow

Dorzolamide is a Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor and it decreases aqueous production

Latanoprost increases uveoscleral outflow

Timolol is a non selective beta blocker and it decreases production

Atomoxetine

Dextroamphetamine

Methylphenidate

Mixed Amphetamine

Haloperidol

Thioridazine