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Definition
- Robert Rauschenberg
- White Paintings
- 1951
- Proceeds Minimalism
- Equivalent to Cages 4'33
- Allows your mind to wonder and to notics the surroundings
- greenbergian formalism
canvases are filled with light |
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Definition
- alberto burri
- 1953
Composition
Mode of Production:
- made of burlap sacks, suturing cloth is reminiscent of his own war experience
style:
- almost like a collage, incorporates our world into the piece art and the everyday
Movement: post war abstraction
- doctor during the war, captured in a political camp where he took up paintings
- puts his own experiences into his art |
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Definition
- Allan McCollum
- perfect vehicles
- 1985-89
- 50 vases, simple, different colours- shape imitates chinese funeral urns
- minimalistic, making fun of the repetition of it
- people will pay for even the allusion of variation
- commentary on the ridiculousness of consumerism
- aesthetics of consumerism, united states
- simulation
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Definition
- Peter Halley
- Asynchronous Terminal
- 1989
- acrylic on canvas
- talked about painting in direct relation to social life
- neo geo
- - a return to geometric abstraction
-- abstraction and purity is totally wrong and led to a greater depersonalization of the world
- talked about geometry in social confinement the depressing side of what utopia could be |
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Definition
- Allan Kaprow
- 18 happenings in 6 parts
- 1959
-consisted of 18 individual happenings (emphasis on action, actors play themselves, wanted to reintegrate art into life and the viewer into art)
- took place in a gallery
- participants given a program sheet and 3 small cards with instructions
- could only get a partial experience from it
- performance began with a bell and ended with 2
- left the viewers to assemble what they wanted to take away from it in their own minds
- told them there was no meaning- FRUSTRATING
- assemblage |
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Term
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Definition
- James Rosenquist
- 1964-65
- oanoramic, an 18th/19th century tradition
- uses an aluminum piece as a fragment of the real world
- collage without collaging anything, just hte clashing of pictures and imagery
- pop art - america
- art and the everyday
- 60s = vietnam, jfk and huge social issues
- elebration of technology
jet planes make the world go faster
- overwhelms the viewer |
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Definition
- Claes Oldenburg
- The Store
1961
- plaster and enamel
- used hired hands to put it together
- minimalits but approaching performance art
- installation art
- uses an actual store front
- mocks american impulse for size and power
- transposition |
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Definition
- Willem de Kooning
- Woman I
- 1950-52
-oil on canvas,
- complete abstraction and figuration
- art brut and l'informe
- directly following the war artists are trying to get as far away from the norms of a corrupt world as
- all over canvas, the ground leeks into the fie
- mirroring of Picassos Les Demoiselles de Avignon |
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Term
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Definition
-Twin Tub with Guitar
- Bill Woodrow
- 1981
- carved a guitar out of an old washing machine
- early 80s in britain they were seeing a lot of consumerism and wealth but feeling a lot of poverty
- aesthetics of consumptioin
- tension between production consumpting and making of the guitar and how it'll be absorbed into the market
- a washing machine is something that is very available
- shows the amount of waste due to surplus
- british artists use only materials they can find |
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Term
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Definition
- Anthony Caro
- Early One Morning
- 1962
- relationable, structured like a sentence - seperate elements coming together to form a whole sculpture
- single plane is very simple
- all about human passions
- optical effect
- syntax allows for the release of gesture
- minimalism |
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Term
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Definition
- Merde d'Artista
- Piero Manzoni
- 1961
- cans his own shit, once he puts his signature on it it become s art
- making fun of the art world
- places the artist as a god like creature
- the zero group |
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Definition
- Yves Klein
Monochrome blue
-1961
- nouveau realism
- patented the colour and the process of making it
- he was simply unhappy with the classic ultra marine
- represents spirit and boundlessness of space
- a very spiritual man
- poking fun at society and the art market - puts a bunch of the same canavses on different walls and charges different amounts for them |
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Term
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Definition
sigmar polke
- bunnie
- 1966
- German Pop art
- deliberatley made to look second rate because thats how they economically felt
- cultural standards are much lower in germany
- they were feeling their own economic deficits with americas prosperity under their noses |
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Term
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Definition
- bruce Nauman
- Neon Templates of the Half of my body taken at ten inch intervals
- 1966
- Neon lights
- similar to judd's pieces in simplicity
- looks very abstract
- post minimalist
- experience and the body
- it is physically about the body and the art work
- references the artist by putting the focus on him as part of the piece |
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Term
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Definition
- Ad Reinhardt
- Abstract Painting
- 1960
Horizontal and vertical stripe, black on black
- composition made almost entirely by a brush
- not at all gestural
- art for arts sake
- clement Greenberg occupied this period
- post painterly abstraction
- greenberg didnt like it, the sininess of the paint was too much for the painting and said he had taken his theories to the extreme |
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Term
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Definition
- Jasper Johns
- Painted Bronze (Ale Cans)
- makes you connect life to art
- neo dada
- 1960
- takes cans and casts them from bronze
- bronze used to make something very ordinary
- goes through a traditional process to make something that isnt, but looks like a ready made
- transposition? |
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Term
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Definition
Carle Andre
- Lead Piece
- 1969
- layed 144 pieces of led on the ground
- anazial symmetry - one part can replace another
- a sculpture which approaches environment
minimalism
- piece cuts into you space and you must walk on it to get the full experience
- all about experience
- repetition
- andre eventually makes the leap into land art
- in the 60s theyre challending the idaels of sculpture, changing things around and putting them into your personal space |
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Term
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Definition
- Jean Fautrier
- Tete D'Otage no.20
- 1944
- lots of texturing in the piece
- filled with anger and torture, head of a hostage
- during the war he could hear sounds of torture through the woods and put the pain into his paintings
- post war abstraction
- held by the gustapa
- ripped apart by anger and frustration
- a materiality which hadnt been since the impressionist
- trying to break down the traditions which preceeded him |
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Term
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Definition
Francis Bacon
- portrait of pope innocent X
- 1953
- stems from the realist tradition
- takes a traditional painting from the 1650s and abstracts it
- uses shadows and refractive forms
- everything is being pulled away fromt eh canvas
- destroys it with brushwork violently
- post war abstraction
- artist portrays himself as the crazy guy
- fascinated with the image of a dictator
- questionable if he's just doing it to shock people |
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Term
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Definition
- JASPER JOHNS
- Flag
- 1955
- american flag put into the art realm
- by micing pigments with hot wax it makes the flag look like something new even though its a very familiar object
- not a reproduction because he has taken the flag and made it completely his own
- neo dada
- art and the everyday |
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Term
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Definition
ROY LICHTENSTEIN
- Brush strokes
- 1967
- hand painted ben dae dots, worked very hard to make it look mass produced
- pop art version of abstract expressionism
- very flat, almost fulfilling greenbergs desires
- very gesturals
POP ART
- all over composition |
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Term
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Definition
BEN VAUTIER
- A walk into the sea
- 1963
- something so subtle you wouldn't know he is performing
AN EVENT
-happenings
- didnt make a scene about it, casually walked into the sea |
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Term
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Definition
CLAES OLDENBERG
- bedroom ensemble
- 1963
- reconstructs a bedroom set on a different scale
- treump d'oeil - if you look at it from the front it looks like a proper room but if you shift to the side everything is out of scale
- - renaissance tradition
- pop environment
- part of a series of domestic items
- appears very flat, a greenberg ideal with a pollock on the wall, someone who greenberg hated
- mocking the modern man |
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Term
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Definition
DAN GRAHAM
- performer/audience/mirror
- 1975
- put a mirror infront of the audience to make it more awkward
-- almost an invasion of privacy makes you self conscious of what youre doing
- begins with describing himself and his movements and then moves onto the audience
- the piece is almost as much about whats happening in the audience as what hes doing
- he assumes the position of the sculpture |
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Term
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Definition
DAVID SMITH
- hudson river landscape
- 1951
- large stainless steel sculpture
- planar, 2 dimensional
- gestural and abstract
- minimalism
- the base seperates it from our space
- something you would walk up to not walk around |
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Term
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Definition
DONALD JUDD
- 1969
- boxes on the wall, no base
- pieces are factory made according to the artists design
- minimalist
- the svulpture is no longer important its the relationship you make with it
- why does sculpture have to reference anything |
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Term
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Definition
MEL RAMOS
- manets olympia
- 1973 |
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Term
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Definition
LUCIO FONTANA
- Concetto Spaziale
- 1950
- sliced holes in the canvas and called it a special concept
- doesnt care about the medium
- post war, wanting to transcend the physical world into a metaphysical realm
- interested in how space is expressed
- wanted to create art where our idea of art could not intervene
- lighting is part of the canvas |
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Term
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Definition
Lucio Fontana
- Strutture al neon
- 1951
- creates a spacial environment
- environments are radical for this time period
- post war
- a conceptual area where light and space come together to create art |
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Term
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Definition
HELEN FRANKENTHALER
- Canal
-1963
- acrylic on canvas - first to use acrylic paint which is a huge step
- stained the canvas
- canvas shows around the edges making it part of the painting
- acrylic mixes easily and dries much faster
- championed by greenberg |
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Term
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Definition
ARSHILE GORKY
- The liver is the cocks comb
- 1944 |
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Term
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Definition
EVA HESSE
- untitles (wall piece)
- 1970
- required a lot of assistance making it
- done while she is in a mental hospital
- mentally troubled mother commited suicide -- a lot of emphasis on her biography
- about the process gone through to make it
- minimalist, takes up space
= process art |
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Term
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Definition
FRANK STELLA
-raise the flag
- 1959
- lines cut out of the canvas
- trying to get rid of everything that is extra art
- minimalism
- reductionism
- subject of this painting is its pysical dimensions
- stella is interested in the internal logic of painting
- art for arts sake
- references politics in the title |
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Term
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Definition
JEFF KOONS
- rabbit
- 1968
- blown up balloon which he has coated in metal
- metal gives it a sense of permanence
- object is altered slightly, but it is still a ready made
- aesthetics of comsumption in america
- cynical icon for the rich who constitute his market
- attracts consumers with shininess - mockery |
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Term
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Definition
KATHARINA FRISCH
- madonna of lourdes
- 1987
- sculpture painted a bright tack yellow and placed in a random spot which doesn't fit its subtext
- kitsch - greenberg hated it
- germany
- aesthetics of consumption
- makes us reference a religious yet played out figure as tacky
- makes you question the role of the image and its contect
- kitsch vs. high art monument |
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Term
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Definition
ELLSWORTH KELLY
- red blue green
- 1962
- colour field painting
- works on constructing and deconstructing what is visible to the eye
- minimalism
- post painterly abstraction
- emphasizes colour form, the canvas and flatness |
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Term
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Definition
ED KEINHOLZ
- portable war memorial
- 1968
- reproduction of famous photofraphs in sculpture
- pop environment
- political unrest at this time, kleinholz is upset with the way soiety is working
- implications of war
- joe rosenthal's photo turned into something much less triumphant
- empty special board
- shows a broken down society
- how to make a monument post war |
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Term
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Definition
LUCIANO FABRO
- golden italy
- 1971
- model of italy coated in gold and flipped upside down, tied by a knot around its toe
- social commentary
- negative style
- arte provera
- gold, which is supposed to be glorified is falling apart much like italy
- all the wealth is concentrated in the north, lots of inequality throughout the country |
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Term
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Definition
WALTER DE MARIA
- lightning field
-1971-77
- going for ideals
- wide open space defined by one pole
- the sublime
- shrinks man into the insignificant
- traditional
- huge scale involving the viewer |
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Term
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Definition
CLAES OLDENBURG
- lipstick on caterpillar tracks
- 1969
- began as an inflatable tube, had to be changed because of vandalism and innapropriate imagery
- conceptual installation art
- unsolicited gift to yale
- iconic |
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Term
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Definition
PIERO MANZONI
- living sculpture
- 1959 - 62
- signed the body, making it a piece of art
- a red stamp meant the whole thing was are and a yellow meant only on body part is
- signed both men and women making them living sculptures
- nouveau realism |
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Term
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Definition
JEAN DUBUFFET
- Paulhan
- 1946
- art brut, interested in the untrained/unstable mind
- trying to get as far away from a corrupt society as possible by focusing on minds which he considered to be pure
- post war abstraction
- l'informe
- believed that material had expressive power
- he wanted to go back to origins of art (cave paintings) |
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Term
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Definition
ALBERTO GIACOMETTI
- man pointing
- 1948
- made of bronze
- large sculpture, skinny man on a huge base (referencing important people)
- surrealism
- figure is fading and dissapearing
- anxiety caused by WWII coming through in his work
- tall thin and way different from Moore's relaxed figures
- interested in the perception of people at a distance |
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Term
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Definition
BARNETT NEWMAN
- onement I
-1948
- primal creativity, very basic
- references biblical things like genisis
- far from commercial art as it wipes out the problem of composition
- spiritual art practise
- in search of answers and something to believe in
- the importance of atonement
- metaphysical
zep is genisis
abstract expressionism
- artist isnt interested in form |
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Term
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Definition
Jannis Kounellis
- Untitled (12 horses)
- 1969
- place horses in a gallery where he would have put the art work
- arte provera
- horses move around and poop
- sense of impermanence like process art as everything is constantly changing
- fills the gallery with nature, art provera places the artists as mediators between art and nature |
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Term
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Definition
MARIO MERZ
- giap igloo
- 1968
- little bags filled with sand lined with metal tubes, he used materials that anyone could find
- big enough to live in
- natural elements meet urban ones
- nomadic traditions made up his alter ego
- pulls politics into the piece
- igloo links it to culture |
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Term
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Definition
ANDY WARHOL
- electric chair
- 1964
- print made in his factory
- pop art
- associations with the red panel it is usually shown with makes it powerful
- trauma
- the more you look at the same thing the quicker the meaning goes away and the better and emptier you feel |
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Term
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Definition
JACKSON POLLOCK
- number one
- 1948
- drips paint randomly and rhythmically onto a canvas
- little bits of the world like newspaper bits hair and cigarettes have fallen into the piece tieing it into our everyday world
- takes an image personal to him and abstracts from it
surrealism meets total abstraction
- critics hated him
- biography is very important to his work
- abstract expressionism
- all over composition
- artist is central |
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Term
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Definition
ROBERT RAUSCHENBERG
- bed
- 1955
- painted it onto a literal bed
- neo dada
- trying to present rather than explain the real world
- reached against the techniques and cliches of abstract expressionism but did not incorporate it into his style |
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Term
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Definition
ROBERT RAUSCHENBERG
- monogram
- 1955-59
- neo dada
- a free standing object which has mixed both painting and sculpture
- references the wealthy people who have monograms
- platform made of a collage
- can be viewed from all sides but never all at once, you can never get the full experience |
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Term
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Definition
EDUARDO PAOLOZZI
- real gold
- 1950 |
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Term
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Definition
RUNNING FENCE
- Christo and Jeanne Claude
- 1976 |
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Term
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Definition
GERHARD RICHTER
- uncle rudi
- 1965
- photo as a ready made
- makes the memory look as though its fading
- transpostition
- german pop art
- made it to look faded and out of focus
- memories are fleeting and even photos dont last forever |
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Term
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Definition
RICHARD LONG
- a line made by walking
- 1967 |
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Term
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Definition
ED RUSHA
- 26 gasoline stations
- 1963
- screen print
- a book of all the gas stations he passed on the trip he discovered his artistic identity
- pop art
- making fun of consumption and all the gas station
- dead pan humor |
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Term
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Definition
RICHARD SERRA
- splashing
- 1968
- threw hot led at a wall
- performance art
- sense of impermanence, led falls off the wall and breaks after a certain amount of time
- he believed each piece of art had to be made specifically for a certain area
- his works are never finished
- piece is centered around time and the viewer |
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Term
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Definition
HENRY MOORE
- the recumbent figure
- 1938
- stone, a traditional material for england because it references the landscape
- biomorphism, resembles a living thing and could be biological
- during the war and trying to break away from previous styles
- surrealism
- shift in focus nto a discontinuation form before |
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Term
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Definition
RICHARD SERRA
- casting
- 1969
- repetition, minimalist
- similar to judd's untitled
- piece is more permanent
- process art
- moves to performance art |
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Term
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Definition
PATRICK CAULFIELD
- after delacroix
- 1963 |
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Term
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Definition
TONNY CRAGG
- britain seen from the north
- 1981
- takes trash from the streets and configures it into a shape
- aesthetics of consumption - britain
- north was heavily affected with the closing of the coal mines and there was lots of unemployment
- made the country out of consumer items that people had thrown away
- fragmented like the country had become |
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Term
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Definition
MICHELANGELO PISTOLETTO
- venus of the rags
- 1967
- makes a reproduction of the venus d'milo out of plaster and covers her with rags and garbage
- insult to the world which man has created
- arte provera
- shows how little people value life
- the ideal fimale figure surrounded by mounds of trash and pieces of fashion that had once been flamorous
- italy is supposed to be the fashion icon of the world |
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Term
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Definition
ROY LICHTENSTEIN
- whaam!
- 1963
- reproduction of comic books
- transposition, looks really close to the original but its a new version
- drew on commercial imagery
- pop art |
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Term
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Definition
ANDY WARHOL
- Brillo box
- 1964
- transposition of object
- makes a minimalist box
- pop art
- comes before minimalism
- multiple displayed at one time, consumerism
- makes us reference a simple everyday object in an artistic way
- warhol is very interested in the commercial aspects of the world
- frustrating for the critics
- how do you define art? does this fit? |
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Term
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Definition
ROBERT MORRIES
- untitles (three L beams)
- 1965
- composition is very important to this work
- interest in the spectator, the viewer much walk around the piece
- minimalism
- he made theatre pieces before he made sculptures
- greenberg hated minimalism for its theatricality
- viewer is very important to both pieces |
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Term
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Definition
YVES KLEIN
- anthropometry
- 1960
- had people coat themselves in paint and lie down on the canvas
- similar look to cave paintings
- performed in 1960 with him announcing what the artists should do but never touched them, accompanied by his monotoned symphony
- parody of his alter ego |
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