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• Venus of Willen dorf, from Willendorf, Austria, 28,000 BCE, Limestone.
• found in a grave.
• earliest known sculpture.
• red oaker.
• may have been named because of her beauty or she was just a fertility figure.
• what is most important is that she has no face, her body is the focal point.

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• Hall of the Bulls in the cave at Lascaux, France, ca. 16,000 BCE
• Sophisticated perception of optics and vantange points

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• Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain, England, ca. 1600 BCE
• begun is the Neolithic age and completed in hte bronze age.
• we don't know how the stones got tho where they are now.
• the heel stone when lined up with the alter marks the horizon during the summer solstice.
• large-scale time piece.
• Prehistoric Art

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• Head of Akkadian ruler, Nineveh, Iraq, 2200, Copper
• Saigon I
• shows how important he was because he had his head made out of copper.
• more of a stylized sculpture because his hair and beard don't flow in a normal pattern.
• they used strong material to make it.
• you can tell he was hated because his eyes were gauged out.
• Ancient Near Eastern Art

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• Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, Susa, Iran, ca 2250
• all Stele sculptures are Relief sculptures.
• picture of a mountatin and people climbing up the mountain.
• soldiers are on the left side and enemies are on the right.
• twisted perspective.
• Ancient Near Eastern Art.

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• Stele with the laws of Hammurabi, 1780 BCE
• brings all of Meopotamia under a unified rule.
• he is communicating to the god.
• Hammurabi is standing before God.
• God is giving him the laws.
• the god is depicted with fire coming out of his shoulders.
• Ancient Near Eastern Art

• Assyrian archers pursuing enemies, relief, 870 BCE
• Stomachs of goats and sheep, used them to breathe underwater. 
• Ancient Near Eastern Art

• Ishtar Gate, Babylon, Iraq, ca. 575 BCE
• Neo-Babylonia.
• made of glazed tile.
• Ancient Near Easter Art.

• Palette of King Narmer, ca. 3000.
• represents the unification of Egypt.
• twisted perspective.
• the first side shows what King Narmer would do to Harrod and the back shows what his army would do.
• Egyptian Art.

• Great Pyramids of Gizeh, Menkaure ca. 2490, Khafre ca. 2500, Khufu ca. 2550.
• grandfather, father, and son.
• there are false chambers inside the pyramids to lead robbers in the wrong direction.
• Egyptian Art.

• Menkaure and Khamerenebty, ca. 2490
• husband and wife.
• he is depicted with his wife because they were buried together.
• Egyptian Art.

• Ti watching a hippo hunt, relief in the mastabaa of Ti, ca. 2400.
• Ti was a scribe for the pharaoh.
• got a mastaba because he couldn't afford a pyramid.
• hippos were important because they were gods of the underworld.
• twisted perspective.
• Egyptian Art.

• Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut, ca. 1450
• first and only female pharaoh.
• her husband died.
• rumored affair with her architect.
• 3 different structures carved out of live rock.
• each structure has colonnades.
• Egyptian Art.

• Akhenaton, from the temple of Aton, ca. 1350.
• Aton: sun god.
• choosees to worship one god.
• the Amarna style.
• no masculine qualities.
• first monotheistic pharaoh.
• Egyptian Art.

• New York Kouros, 600 BCE.
• "Kouros" means "young man" in Greek.
• hair is sylized.
• eyes are bulging.
• they copied from the Egyptians.
• Egyptian pose.
• Ancient Greece- Archaic Period

• Peplos Kore, ca. 530 BCE.
• the type of garment she was wearing is called peplos.
• suggests that there is body under the garment.
• Ancient Greece- Archaic Period.

• Dying warriors, from the east and west pediment of the Temple of Aphaia, 490 BCE.
• west is more important.
• created west side first.
• east pediment sculpture is dying.
• the one is very unnatural posing, and smiling.
• only priests could enter chamber.
• Ancient Greece- Archaic Period.

• Polykleitos, Spear Bearer, ca. 450 BCE.
• controposso- relaxed stance, shows more movement.
• face is turning, eyes are normal sized.
• still not perfect.
• head is small, lips are small and unsmiling.
• idealism --> perfection (in classical period).
• Ancient Greece- Classical Period.

• Praxitele, the Aphrodite of Knidos, 350 BCE.
• she has legs- classical.
• transition.
• face very vacant look.
• the face is not gender specific.
• boobs almost nonexistent.
• Ancient Greece- Classical Period.

• Parthenon, 440 BCE.
• Athens- highest point in the city.
• "Temple Complex"
• center of life.
• approach would be from below.
• structurally the same from archaic to classic.
• convex floow, columns tip in slightly.
• Ancient Greece- Classical Period.

• Parthenon: East Pediment--Aphrodite, 440 BCE.
• Ancient Greece- Classical Period.

• Dying Gaul, ca. 220 BCE
• he has a moustache (Greeks did not like facial hair).
• trumpeter that is collapsed as blood pours out of the gash in his chest.
• First time portraying themselves as not the victors and honoring their opponents as ferocious warriors.
• Ancient Greece- Hellenistic Period.

• Nike of Samothrace (Winged Victory), 190 BCE.
• she raises her missing right arm to crowm the naval victor.
• the way the cloth is around her legs seem like wind is blowing around her.
• Ancient Greece- Hellenistic Period.

• Dionysiac Myster Frieze, 50 BCE.
• Roman.

• Garden Scene, late 1st century CE.
• Roman.

• Colosseum, Rome, 80 CE.
• Roman.

• Arch of Titus, after 81 CE.
• Roman.

• Agustus of Primaporta, early 1st century CE.
• political messaage, shows his victory.
• idealization- portrait of him.
• statue of cupid shows that he loves his people.
• controposso connects this sculpture of the Greeks.
• trying to present himself as a good ruler and first emperor.
• Roman.

• Portrait of Emperor Constantine the Great, 313 CE.
• point of transition in the art because eyes are more detailed.
• said to be looking at God.
• Roman.

• Arch of Constantine, 313 CE.
• Roman.

• Old St. Peter's, 320.
• destroyed.
• there's a central nave and isles throughout each side.
• Early Christianity.

• Christ as the Good Shpherd, ca. 425.
• Early Christianity.

• Theodora and Attendants, 547.
• show depth by stacking people in the back.
• she was holding the chalise and that is something royal couples don't do.
• mix of church and state.
• Byzantium.

• David composing the Psalms, ca. 950.
• was not commissioned by the Church.
• from a manuscrpit.
• the dog influenced Rembrandt.
• made for a private client.
• Byzantium.

• Purse Cover, 630.
• wolves on the purse brought danger to anyone who would try to steal from it.
• interlace.
• Early Medieval.

• Matthew the Evangelist, Ebbo Gospels, ca. 820.
• tilted up style.
• Early Medieval.

• Doors of St. Michael's, 1015.
• focuses on suffering of Christianity.
• Early Medieval.

• Gero Crucifix, Cologne Catherdral, 970.
• Early Medieval.

• West facade of Saint-Etienne, 1067.
• Romanesque.

• Interior of Saint-Etienne, 1115.
• Romanesque.

• Gislebertus, 1120.
• Romanesque.

• Virgin and Child from Auvergne, late 12th century.
• shows Jesus as a little child becasue they knew his future.
• Romanesque.

• Chartes Cathedral, 1194.
• pointed rib vaults- not narrow or tall.
• warmer interior, not as much light.
• no color on floor.
• Gothic.

• Amiens Cathedral, 1220.
• Gothic.

• Sainte-Chapelle, 1245.
• housed Christian relics for King Louis IX of France.
• Gothic.

• Virgin with the Dead Christ, 1300.
• Gothic.

• Giotto, Madonna Enthroned, 1310.
• Late Gothic in Italy.

• Giotto, Lamentation, 1305.
• Late Gothic in Italy.

• Lorenzetti, Peaceful City, 1339.
• Late Gothic in Italy.

• Lorenzetti, Peaceful Country, 1339.
• Late Gothic in Italy.