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| a person who supports artists with contributions or financial support, gifts, effort or endorsement |
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| support that kings, popes, and the wealthy provide to artists |
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| economic and social organizations that control the making and marketing of given products in medieval cities. Artists are required to be in a guild. |
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| applying fine gold leaf powder to solid surfaces to give a fine layer of cold coating |
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| an original work of art intended for graphic reproductions |
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| decoration of handwritten documents, scrolls, or books with drawings and paintings. Made in the middle ages, mostly |
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| a test of skill or ability; a contest |
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he Italo-Byzantine style was one of the definitive aesthetics of Italy prior to the start of the Renaissance. This style peaked around the 13th century before gradually giving way to the earliest expressions of the Renaissance.
The Italo-Byzantine style built upon many aesthetic conventions of Byzantine art, notably the strong lines and outlines, the slightly abstract and otherworldly figures, and the tendency to present figures as floating against a gold-leaf background with no relation to realistic space. However, these traits were interpreted in unique and distinctly Italian ways by each Italian city-state. It was an expressive art form that filled the peninsula until a revitalized interest in ancient Rome began to inspire artists towards a new aesthetic. |
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| style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail. |
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| projection of a figure or part of a design carved or modeled. sculpture done in this manner is either high or low relief depending on the height of the projection. when it is very shallow it is schiatto, or flat out |
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| curved structure used to span an opening, masonry arches with wedge blocks, or voussoirs. There is the pointed gothic and the classin round. |
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| painted or carved work of art placed behind or above the altar of a christian church. may have single or more panels. triptych or polytych, both with winged hinges painted on both sides. rereds or retablo also names for it |
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| smaller than an altarpiece, goes on the back to the altarpiece or on a pedestal behind it. |
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| ornamental element composed of 4 lobes radiating from the center |
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| church of a bishop. administrative center. cathedra/throne |
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| The Lamentation of Christ is a very common subject in Christian art from the High Middle Ages to the Baroque. After Jesus was crucified, his body was removed from the cross and his friends mourned over his body. |
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| italian for fresh. technique of painting over plaster with pigments ground in water so the paint is absorbed by the plaster and becomes a part of the walll itself. buon fresco=paint on wet plaster, fresco secco=paint on dry plaster |
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| The s-shaped, graceful, pronounced torsion of a figure's body that is characteristic of Gothic sculpture. |
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| vault formed by a continuous semicircular arch so that is shaped like a half cylinder |
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| objects used by artists to convery messages t o the audiences through the senses, typical paints, brushes, etc |
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| elected lord and chief of state in many italian cities states during medieval and renaisssance periods |
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| The term form can mean several different things in art. Form is one of the seven elements of art and connotes a three-dimensional object in space. A formal analysis of a work of art describes how the elements and principles of artwork together independent of their meaning and the feelings or thoughts they may evoke in the viewer. Finally, form is also used to describe the physical nature of the artwork, as in a metal sculpture, an oil painting, etc. |
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| Technique used in art to give spiritual meaning to ordinary objects in a painting. |
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| Atmospheric perspective – also called aerial perspective – is the effect you get when far away objects take on the colors of atmospheric haze. |
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| a painting, especially an altarpiece, on two hinged wooden panels that may be closed like a book. |
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| a picture or relief carving on three panels, typically hinged together side by side and used as an altarpiece. |
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| a meeting at which a group of people engage in intensive discussion and activity on a particular subject or project |
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| a method of painting in gray monochrome, typically to imitate sculpture. |
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| Tempera (Italian: [ˈtɛmpera]), also known as egg tempera, is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of colored pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium, usually glutinous material such as egg yolk. Tempera also refers to the paintings done in this medium |
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| Oil paint is a type of slow-drying paint that consists of particles of pigment suspended in a drying oil, commonly linseed oil. The viscosity of the paint may be modified by the addition of a solvent such as turpentine or white spirit, and varnish may be added to increase the glossiness of the dried oil paint film. |
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| A glaze is a thin transparent or semi-transparent layer on a painting which modifies the appearance of the underlying paint layer |
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| Renaissance, (French: “Rebirth”) period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages and conventionally held to have been characterized by a surge of interest in Classical scholarship and values. |
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| Artists use perspective to represent three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface (a piece of paper or canvas) in a way that looks natural and realistic. Perspective can create an illusion of space and depth on a flat surface (or the picture plane). |
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| Linear perspective, a system of creating an illusion of depth on a flat surface. All parallel lines (orthogonals) in a painting or drawing using this system converge in a single vanishing point on the composition's horizon line. |
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| stylized it means it's represented in a non-naturalistic conventional form. The heart-shaped symbol in the popular phrase "I heart NY," for example, is a classic stylized representation of a real heart. ... From the Old English word stile meaning "designation, title, manner or mode of expression." |
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| in art, is the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition. It is also a technical term used by artists and art historians for the use of contrasts of light to achieve a sense of volume in modelling three-dimensional objects and figures |
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| an Italian term that means counterpoise. It is used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs. |
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| a rounded vault forming the roof of a building or structure, typically with a circular base. |
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| an upright pillar, typically cylindrical and made of stone or concrete, supporting an entablature, arch, or other structure or standing alone as a monument. |
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| a series of arches supporting a wall, or set along it |
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the process or technique of laying on paint or pigment thickly so that it stands out from a surface.
paint applied thickly. |
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| the process or art of cutting or carving a design on a hard surface, especially so as to make a print. |
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| engrave (metal, glass, or stone) by coating it with a protective layer, drawing on it with a needle, and then covering it with acid to attack the parts the needle has exposed, especially in order to produce prints from it. |
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| Intaglio (/ɪnˈtæli.oʊ/ in-TAL-ee-oh; Italian: [inˈtaʎʎo]) is the family of printing and printmaking techniques in which the image is incised into a surface and the incised line or sunken area holds the ink. It is the direct opposite of a relief print. |
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| Relief printing, in art printmaking, a process consisting of cutting or etching a printing surface in such a way that all that remains of the original surface is the design to be printed. Examples of relief-printing processes include woodcut, anastatic printing (also called relief etching), linocut, and metal cut. |
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| An artist carves an image into the surface of a block of wood—typically with gouges—leaving the printing parts level with the surface while removing the non-printing parts. |
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| Hatching (hachure in French) is an artistic technique used to create tonal or shading effects by drawing (or painting or scribing) closely spaced parallel lines |
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| Crosshatching is an extension of hatching, which uses fine parallel lines drawn closely together to create the illusion of shade or texture in a drawing. Crosshatching is the drawing of two layers of hatching at right-angles to create a mesh-like pattern |
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