ROBIE HOUSE

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

PRARIE STYLE

CHICAGO

1910

-centered around the fireplace, 2 horizontal sliding sections

-windows are long, symmetreical row, deeply embedded

-transformation of interior and exteiror

-outwards flowing space of interior

-fortresss like mass, linear/ horizontal structure

FALLING WATER 

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

PENNSYLVANIA

NEW INTERNATIONAL STYLE

1935

-country house, vacation home for wealthy merchant family

-concrete and cantilevered structure

-planar abstraction

-scornful of machine inspired architecture, more natural

-"extension of the cliff"

-existing boulders help secure the house to hillside

-integration of exterior natural world within the living areas

-welcoming cave, free standing building

SCHROEDER HOUSE

RIETVELD

UTRETCH

DE STIJL

1924

-detatched interlocking rectangular planes and slabs 

-joined by pipings, but breaking up structure

-pieces look sculptural, constructivist

-large glass windows= much lighting

-sliding partitions= open-plan spaces maximum flexibility/movement

-rooms are light, airy, cool

-close relationship between interior space and exterior nature

VILLA SAVOYE

LE CORBUSIER

FRANCE

NEW INTERNATIONAL STYLE

1930

-simple, facades all similar

-smooth white concrete surfaces, continuous horizontals

-pillars make seem like floating

-open plan, blenging inside and out

-size of house determined by turning degree of 1930s limo

-abandoned by owners, uncomfortable, taken during war

-troops used as shelter, soon public building

EIGHT RED RECTANGLES

MALEVICH

SUPREMATIST 

1915

-implied movement through shapes/orientation

-white is the real concept of infinity

HEAD WITH THREE ANNOYING OBJECTS

ARP

SURREALISM

1930

-originally plaster, later cast in bronze

-three objects: mustache, a mandolin, and a fly

-derived from his stories, waking up with three annoying objects on his face

-objects not secured to 'head' moved around

-titled after work completed

-open-ended interpretations

-applied 'human concretion'

-forms not derived from nature, but still be "as concrete and sensual as nature"

BROADWAY BOOGIE-WOOGIE

MONDRAIN

NEOPLASTICISM (DE STIJL)

1942

-impacted from city and music

-rectangular grid

-no more of his usual black, linear structure

-reversed process: grid colored

-groundplane is single off-white

-vibration of contrast and shapes

-commercially colored tapes as materials

-initially used tapes and then painted later

-experimental approach, not formulaic

AUTUMN RHYTHM

JACKSON POLLOCK

ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONIST

1950

-Flings paint onto surface: drip technique

-very rhytmic

-tan color pallete with back= death symbol

-white carefully placed

-raw canvas peaks through (tan color)

LOBSTER TRAP AND FISH TAIL

ALEXANDER CALDER

KINETIC ART

1939

-hanging mobile

-kinetic movements with engineering

-commissioned for a stairway in museum

-suggest the movement underwater life

-painted steel wire, sheet aluminum

THE TRENCH

DIX

NEW OBJECTIVITY

1923

-influenced by his combat experience, making him anti-militaristic 

-gruesome depictions of unaccountable horrors

-angry and fatalistic

-piece traveled throughout Germany as exhibition "No more war"

-eventually destroyed

-expressionist influenced, collage elements

-depicts dismembered and decaying bodies after WWI

-faces covered with gas masks, skeletons hanging

SOFT CONSTRUCTION WITH BOILED BEANS: PREMONITION OF CIVIL WAR

DALI

SURREALIST

1937

-painted in the eye of the Spanish Civil War

-horrible scene of psychological torment/physcial suffering

-gargantuan figure with grimacing face being pulled apart

-Dali reacted to the war with self interest

GUERNICA

PICASSO

CUBISM

1937

-inspired by the Spanish Civil War: destruction of basque town of Guernica

-bull symbolizes the resurgent spain

-scene of terror and devastation 

-screaming horse as a motif

-painting's structure based on Cubist grid

-human protagonists are female

-disembowled horse main figure in painting

 KV FIT FOR ACTIVE SERVICE

GEORGE GROSZ

NEW OBJECTIVITY

1918

-used as an illustration in the 1919 political publications

-Magazine filled with scathing political satire

-sense of macabre

-fat doctor saying 'ok' in front of arrogant Prussian officers 

-convicting drawings

MINOTAUROMACHY

PICASSO

BONE STYLE

1935

-reminescent of Picasso's life and his Spanish past

-recollection of prints of Goya

-christ-like figure on the ladder

-little girl holding flowers and candle= innocence 

-placement of minotaur is ambiguous: symbol of insensate, brute force, sexual potency and agression, spain and artist himself

-women by the ladder

MODEL FOR THE MONUMENT TO THE THIRD COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

TATLIN

CONSTRUCTIVIST

1919

-interest in engineer and architecture 

-metal, titled spiral having glass cylinder, cube and cone

-glass units rotate once a year/month/day

-symbolizes the new machine era

-functioned as a propaganda piece

-encompassed ideas of communism

-biggest sculptural form at the time

IDEAL

PICABIA

DADA

1915

-machine imagery

-genius of modern world is machinery

-gothic letters adds to conceptual portrait

CUT WITH THE KITCHEN KNIFE

HOCH

DADA

1919

-photomontages relies on materials

-satirical panorama of Wiemar society

-DADA colleagues, communist leaders, dancers, sport figures

-composition includes fears and wheels

-technology as a rhythm 

-technique of cutting and pasting

SPIRIT OF OUR TIME

HAUSMANN

DADA

1919

-wooden head attatched to other objects, including metal cup, tape measure, labels and a pokcetbook

-3d collage

-duchamp's readymades ideas

-humans reduced to mindless robots devoid of individual will

ONE COPPER PLATE, ONE ZINC PLATE

ERNST

POST SURREALIST

1920

-metamorhphosis and double identity of objects

-mechanism forms as stand in body parts

- transforming something into another thing, landcapes, creatures

-comparisin with Picabia's inventions

TWITTERING MACHINE

KLEE

BLUE REITER

1922

-watercolor, pen, ink, oil transfer on paper

-blends biology and machinery

-loose depiction of group of birds on wire connected to crank

-mechanics found in sound

-nightmareish lure for te helplessness of artist

-triumph in nature over mechanical pursuits

-visual representation of mechanics of sound

HOMAGE TO NEW YORK

TINGUELY

KINETIC ART

1960

-made out of refuse and moror gathered in city

-machine designed to destroy itself

-invited audience watched machine smoke and sputter

-needed the aid of the NY fire departments

-reaching poetry

-use of chance and sound in motion machines

MUSIC-PINK AND BLUE II

GEORGIA O'KEEFFE

AMERICAN/FEMINIST

1919

-involve economy of detail, works of abstraction

-tangible presnce, suggesting forms of nature

-chromatic relationships and organic forms

-lingering influence of Kandinsky's equation of color with music and emotion

-resembles enlearged close up of flower

-interpretated as female gentalia and sexuality

THE SCULPTED HEAD

ARP

DADA

1920

-turned wooden pear shape head

-small pedestals, painted bright

-pure parodies of each other on each side

-dual function as ar and everyday objects

-portraits and a hat stand

-expresses simplification 

OBJECT

MERET OPPENHEIM

SURREALIST

1936

-covered with chinese gazelle

-inspired by a cafe conversation with picasso about jewlary made of fur

-cover anything with fur

-object represents consummate fetish

-desire and dread

-erotic ambivalence and sexual anxiety

SELF PORTRAIT AT THE BODER

KAHLO

AMERICAN/FEMINIST

1932

-intimate autobiogrpahical through self portrait

-envions herself with long pink dress surrounded bu artifacts of Mexico

-right= industrial trappings of north

-folk tradition of Mexican cotive paintings

-depicting religious figures and surrounded by fantastic attributes

THE FAMILY

MARISOL

POP ART

1962

-Painted wood, sneakers, door knob and plate, three sections

-poor american family from the south

-features painted on wood panels, adding three dimensional limbs to create her peculiar hybrid of painting and sculture. 

-reminescent of Evan's photographs

-contains a pathos alien to most Pop art

SHE- A CATHEDRAL

NIKI DE SAINT-PHALLE

FEMINIST

1966

-reclining position with thighs spread open, is its entrance through 'her' vagina that lets the visitors walk through. The installation acquired much attention and severe criticism. A few critics were of the opinion that "Hon-En Katedral" was the "largest whore in the world."

-inspired by her friends pregnancy

-named the statue 'nana'

-Nana is a life size doll made of polyester and papier-mache, braced with a wire structure, signifying female exuberance, strength, confidence, and optimism.

DINNER PARTY

CHICAGO

AMERICAN/FEMINIST

1979

-placemats for 39 historical women

-table is triangular

-engraved names with symbols of accomplishments

-celebrate feminism

MELANCHOLY AND MYSTER OF A STREET

DE CHIRICO

METAPHYSICAL ART

1914

1. Tanish orange ground planes are apparent with dense cast shadows. 

2. The perspective is dramatic (multiple perspectives). 

3. Wagon of some sort is visably open with no indication to what is inside. 

4. Female child is at play rnning across pavement. 

5. Innocent figure is headeing toward 

THE ELEPHANT CELEBES

ERNST

POST SURREALIST

1921

-collage-like feel

-african influence with the totem

-low horizon brings out mass of body

-may reprsent Zeus taking Europa disguised as bull

-vivid and dreamlike state

WOMAN WITH THROAT CUT

GIACOMETTI

SURREALIST

1932

1. Displayed on floor (no pedistol)

2. throat has been cut

3. Woman is violated

4. Her hands are shown seperately

PORTRAIT

MAGRITTE

SURREALIST

1935

1. Big Brother is Watching You concept 

2. Paranoia

MAMA, PAPA IS WOUNDED

TANGUY

SURREALIST

1927

1. Cactus-like references

2. Figures with hole seems to be papa who is casting a shadow.

FOUNTAIN

DUCHAMP

DADA

1917

-porcelain urinal

visceral extreme

-series of readymades

MERZBAU

SCHWITTER

DADA

1933

-series of great constructions

-every kind of materials filling the room

-spiraling up

-creation of a perfect work of art

CITY SQUARE

GIACOMETTI

DADA

1948

-bronze

-isolation of city life

-lack of communication 

-lone woman is not moving (sexist)

-refrence to city life

SHEEP PIECE

MOORE

SURREALISM ABSTRACTION

1971

-inspired by sheep drawings

-18ft tall

-sheep actually come and lounge around statue

-perfect size for sheep to fit under

-monumental and romantic

-bringing attention to the overlooked animal

TOURISTS

HANSON

FIGURATIVE ART

1978

-made of epoxy and fiberglass

-body molds of real people

-closed gap between art and life

-super realistic, almost real

SOFT TOILET

OLDENBURG

POP ART

1966

-changing scales and materials= unfamiliar

-changing familiar into unfamiliar

-demonstrating art can be anything

-fascination with objects and human relations

THE DINER

SEGAL

POP ART

1964

-wood, chrome, plaster, laminated plastic, glass, paper

-casted people set in minimal environments

-stillness 

-ghostly wraths of human beings

-junkyard materials

-humans existing in a tangible world

-live models made from cast of plaster

-psychological thinking 

-interactions between two cast figures

SPIRAL JETTY

SMITHSON

LAND ART(ENVIRO)

1970

-6000 thousand tons of earth into the lake

-raised spiral

-pink, blue, brown and black 

-chaning heights with water levels with rising tide 

-large size represents vast cosmic presentation

-ambiguous and playful

-located in Utah, stealing attention from New York

-spiral open to interpretation, puzzle to viewers

RUNNING FENCE

CHRISTO AND CLAUDE

SITE ART(ENVIRO)

1976

-18 feet high, 24 miles long

-taken down after 2 weeks

-white nylon fabric hung with steel cables

-inspired by the continental divide in Colorodo

-represents the massive amounts of work and effort for art

-represents freedom, ownership, limitations

a geometric abstractionist movement originated by Kazimir Malevich in Russia that influenced constructivism.

-geometric

-abstract

-basic geometric shapes: circles, squares, rec...

-limited range of colors

The aim was to "resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality."

-1920s

Artists painted unnerving, illogical scenes with photographic precision, created strange creatures from everyday objects and developed painting techniques that allowed the unconscious to express itself.

-a Dutch artistic movement founded in 1917

-Proponents of De Stijl sought to express a new utopian ideal of spiritual harmony and order.

-verticals, horizontals

-simple colors

-balance

art from any medium that contains movement perceivable by the viewer or depends on motion for its effect

- three-dimensional sculptures and figures such as mobiles that move naturally or are machine operated.

-powered by wind, a motor or the observer.

-major architectural style that emerged in the 1920s and 1930s, the formative decades of Modern architecture.

- the expression of volume rather than mass, the emphasis on balance rather than preconceived symmetry, and the expulsion of applied ornament.

imply a turn towards practical engagement with the world—an all-business attitude

-rejected the self-involvement and romantic longings of the expressionists,

-made a call to arms for public collaboration, engagement, and rejection of romantic idealism.

-style of painting that flourished mainly between 1911 and 1920

-began with Chirico, whose dreamlike works with sharp contrasts of light and shadow often had a vaguely threatening, mysterious quality, 'painting that which cannot be seen'

-emphasis on strange, eerie spaces

-evoke a sense of dislocation between past and present, between the individual subject and the space he or she inhabits

-mid-1950s

-presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular culture such as advertising, news, etc

-material is sometimes visually removed from its known context, isolated, and/or combined with unrelated material

-utilization of found objects and images it is similar to Dada

-conceptual practices that are often used make it difficult for some to readily comprehend.

 -artists painted onsite they developed a deep connection with the surrounding environment and its weather and brought these close observations into their canvases

-art form that is created in nature, using natural materials such as soil, rock (bed rock, boulders, stones), organic media (logs, branches, leaves), and water with introduced materials such as concrete, metal, asphalt, or mineral pigments. 

-exist in the open, located well away from civilization, left to change and erode under natural conditions. 

an anonymous group of female artists and feminists devoting to fight sexism and racism within the art world internationally. Group formed in New York City in 1985 with mission of bringing gender and racial equality within fine arts to light. Members are known to wear gorilla masks and remain anonymous. Response to the Museum of Modern Art’s exhibition.

-Abandoned Painting and emigrated to America where he began to produce "ready mades" 

- Submitted "Fountain" piece under the surname of MR. MUTT 

-Refused it because they thought it was lude and plageristic for he did not make it

that he chose it. By doing so he turned an 

-Chip article argues that it doesn't matter that he didn't make it, all that matters is ordinary plumbing device into

 art. 

Even in the most “deductive of his canvases, he always made sure that his squares were slightly skewed so that one would notice their stark simplicity and read them as stubbornly “one” rather than identifying them as geometric figures. 

By the end of 1920, Mondrian’s mature style, which he called “Neoplasticism” was in place.