Ancient Greek Dipylon Vase

740 BCE

• first example of paintings
• rich families would pay very good money
• function of it was to remember someone who died
• geometric organization (lines, squares, circles, etc)
• probably a funeral procession of a warrior
• easy to understand (simple images)
• black figure background
• clay
• lack of perspective
• reaching for head, typical of mourning

Lady of Auxerre Kore 

650 BCE

• sculpture of limestone
• generic representation of a girl
• doesnt matter who it actually is
• placed next to moseleum when someone died
• focus is on clothes 
• very geometric 

Kouros (boy)

600 BCE

• generic representation of boy
• male: naked. thought the male body were more interesting
• position: he's walking
• geometric (tiny squares for hair, straight llines)
• no expression
• athletic 

Peplos Kore

530 BCE 

• peplos is a typical greek dress
• very straight with belt
• first sculpture with dress
• ful of colors
• artist reached a better proportion since previous Kore
• very straight and geometric

Kritian Boy

by Kritios

480 BCE

• Kritios signed his name (he realized its a work of art not just a symbolic representation)
• shiny marble (previous sculptures used rough stone)
• artist used sand and leather to refine (before they used just hammer and chisel)
• always on a pedestal so you can see from all sides
• brought to temple as a gift to god 
• not real, but ideal beauty
• contrapposto position 
• less geometric, more realistic

Riace Warriors

450 BCE

• bronze sculpture
• same contrapposto position
• thicker bodies because they are warriors
• one of the few bronze sculptures
• bronze= most precious, very difficult 

Diskobolos 

450 BCE

• a Roman marble coby after a bronze original from Olympian Temple by Myron
• disk thrower
• is in perfect position of throwing disk
• you can see veins, muscles, ribs: really understood anatomy
• very accurate
• perfect athlete 
• importance of athletics and sports

Hermes with Child Dionysus

340 BCE

• Roman copy after a marble original from Olympia by Praxiteles 
• first time with 2 objects/people (more complicated)
• appreciated Greek art but could not stand to keep it
• not only importance of the physical body, but also the heart and soul
• showing an interior aspect 
• child reaching towards him
• Hermes son of Zeus, messenger 
• contrapposto position 

Nike of Samothrace

190 BCE

• goddess of victory (always flies above both sides and lands on the side who will be victorious) 
• clothed but body is still visible (wet drapery)
• placed on top of staircase in the Louvre, looks like she is flying
• creates imaginary space - wind
• twisted position
• very dramatic
• part of sculpture had to be repaired and replaced with plaster but still gives same senstation 
• marble
• Nike logo 

Laocoon and his Sonce

1 BCE

• symbolizes the end of Greek civilization
• represents the end, very sad
• found in caves
• shows a moment of sadness and pain
• artist was interested in the emotion of the people
• marks the transformation from the Kouros with no emotion to emotion and expression
• also the transformation from ideal symbolic man becomes a vehicle of emotion 
• can see the pain, hear the screaming
• it tells a story
• can see all the muscles
• Laocoon exaggerated

The Parthenon

Temple of Athena

447- 432 BCE

• Parthenon means virgin
• Athena was a virgin. Founded and defended the city of Athens
• Athena is portrayed as a warrior, shield, on a horse, etc.
• built on acropoli on Athens 
• one of the many temples
• doric columns because they are strong like athena

Baptisery of St. John, Florence

1059

• where people recieved the sacrament of baptisim 
• octangular shape
• marble (white and green)
• organized in geometric and simple design
• simple decoration
• little windows, no windows on the bottom to make it dark
• Romanesque

Justinian and His Court

547

• Emperor Justinian in center
• no connection b/w people and space 
• everything is flat, no shadoows
• people all look the same (face, height, position)
• just symbols
• no sense of gravity- position of feet

SS Apostoli Church

XI Century

• all stone, little marble
• extremely dark, little windows
• paintings were added later
• you feel the power of God
• Florence's only true Romanesque church

S. Miniato Church

1018- 1063

• Romanesque architecture, with some gothic influences
• green and white marble facade
• simple and geometric
• dark interior
• Gothic details added later

Chartres Cathedral

1194-1220

in France

• thin and tall
• first time they used pointed arches
• Gothic
• full of light and windows
• stained glass
• very decorative
• rose window- symbolizes eye of God
• stories depicted in stained glass window

S Croce Church

1295

• Gothic
• rose window
• pointed arches
• large colorful windows
• started including sculptures and paintings 
• very decorative inside 

Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral

architect: Arnolfo di Cambio

1298

(facade from the XIX century) 

• pointed arches 
• white and green marble
• massive
• Gothic 

Massacre of the Innocent

fromt he pulpit by Pisano in S Andrew

1298-1301 

• sad and dramatic story
• story of King Herod
• lots of movement
• different expression in each face
• can hear the women screaming
• first time 3 dimensions and movement

Cruxifiction of Jesus

from the pulpit by Pisano

1298-1301

• first time Jesus on the cross
• accurate anatomy of him hanging on the cross
• attention to detail, so it's believable
• representation of a story and their feelings
• emotion in people's faces 
• Mary has fainted 

Painted Crucifixion "Jesus Patient"

Cimabue

1265

• not as realistic- cartoon like
• 's' body 
• stiff cloth
• doesnt take into account a real body
• muscles looked placed on the body
• golden highlights
• exagerated
• sweeping body

Painted Crucifixion with "Jesus Patient"

Giotto

1290-1302

• realistic anatomy
• natural light 
• used real models
• different emotions of people
• Mary on left, St John the Evangelest on right
• blood is actually dripping
• dull colors
• can see his body underneath cloth