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Definition
Iktinos & Kallikrates / The Parthenon
Athens / 447-438 BC |
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Term
| Iktinos & Kallikrates / The Parthenon / The Acropolis in Athens / 447-438 BC |
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Definition
| The Parthenon was the most important temple for Atheneans, but archeologists don't consider it to embody the best architecture. |
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Iktinos & Kallikrates / The Parthenon / The Acropolis in Athens / 447-438 BC
Eastern Pediment / Right Half |
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Definition
| 3 women (perhaps Hestia, Dione and Aphrodite) seated show the ideal form - healthy, weighty, strong looking physicality. Note the drapery. |
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Iktinos & Kallikrates / The Parthenon / The Acropolis in Athens / 447-438 BC
Eastern Pediment / Right Half
3 Seated Women (perhaps Hestia, Dione and Aphrodite) |
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Term
Iktinos & Kallikrates / The Parthenon / The Acropolis in Athens / 447-438 BC
Eastern Pediment
Details & Location for Ionic Frieze |
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Definition
| Ionic frieze - the exterior space in 2nd outer row of columns. It is continuous. This is 4 ft tall. Theme is Panathenaic procession of all of Athens (sprinkled with participating deities) to bring a Peplos to Athena. Every 4 years the women of Athens make a Pelos and lead procession (most figures in sculpture are men) - archeologists believe there was a small wooden Athena next door that would receive the Peplos. |
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Iktinos & Kallikrates / The Parthenon / The Acropolis in Athens / 447-438 BC
Eastern Pediment
Details & Location for Doric Frieze |
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Definition
| Doric Frieze = the exterior space in 1st outer row of columns. This is not continuous. |
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| Iktinos & Kallikrates / The Parthenon / The Acropolis in Athens / 447-438 BC |
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Definition
| Central cult image of Athena is totally lost - there used to be one large statue. It's been recreated in the Nashville version of the Parthenon - it could've been recreated by way of literary description in combination with other images from same area, time, or sculpture from Phineus (original creator). |
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| Long Discussion: The Roman City - What amenities were provided to support life in the city? |
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Definition
| Military presence in provinces, aqueducts for drinking from mountain sources (aka potable water), ports, plumbing for waste and bathing, schools, libraries, entertainment (arenas - circus, amphitheater; when a play had a character that would die, they'd cast a prisoner and kill them), restaurants/bars/taverns. |
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| Short discussion: The Roman Empire - What features helped bind the Empire together? |
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Definition
| Provinces or city-states connected with roads for transportation and trade, standard currency, Latin as official lanaguage, military presence in provinces, Roman code of law - Napoleonic code, schools, libraries, ports. |
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Roman Empire / Pont du Gard
Nimes, France / 16 BC |
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Definition
| This is an aqueduct - like a bridge that carries water. It starts 30 miles away from Nimes in Uzes (water source) and falls steadily a total of 40 feet from start to finish. The bridge is 900 ft long and each arch spans 80 ft. The stones originally laid out without mortar and roadways were added during Baroque period. Every 24 hours it dumped a total of 44 million gallons in Nimes. Bronze dowels and clamps held it together. |
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Definition
Roman Empire / Pont du Gard
Nimes, France / 16 BC |
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Term
Roman Empire / Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheatre)
Rome / AD 70-80 |
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Definition
| This was build to keep people entertained so they won't revolt. The marble sheets that were on the exterior were held by metal fasteners and have been lost. This is a total of 140 ft tall (3-4 stories) with a different order on each level (1 - Tuscan, 2 - Ionic, 3 - Corinthian, 4 - Pilasters (engaged columns). Roughly 500x600 ft (not circular) with complex vaulting for corridors (in an x shape). There was a floor over the basement level - animals were stored in the basement. Lower seats sheathed in marble (for aristocrats). There was a canopy overhead to block the sun. Could hold 50k people. Higher seats are for poorer people. Not for sophisticated folks. Opening act was a mock naval battle. |
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Definition
Roman Empire / Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheatre)
Rome / AD 70-80 |
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Definition
| The goddess of victory and triumph; Athena's companion |
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Definition
| An oblong hall or building used as a law court or assembly hall in the Roman empire. |
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Term
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Definition
| small, usually square pieces of glass or other material used to make a mosaic. Their size generally ranges from a few millimetres to two centimetres long and five to ten millimetres thick. The term derives from the Greek word meaning "four-sided". |
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Definition
| Phidias or Pheidias (in Ancient Greek, Φειδίας); circa 480 BC 430 BC), was a Greek sculptor, painter and architect, who lived in the 5th century BC, and is commonly regarded as one of the greatest of all sculptors of Classical Greece. |
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Definition
| Emperor of Rome who stopped the persecution of Christians and in 324 made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire; in 330 he moved his capital from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople (280-337. |
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Definition
| Pericles (also spelled Perikles) (c. 495 – 429 BC, Greek: , meaning "surrounded by glory") was a prominent and influential statesman, orator, and general of Athens during the city's Golden Age—specifically, the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars. |
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Definition
| A painting technique which combines color pigment with hot wax and resin. This mixture of materials is applied in its semi-liquid form to a panel or other support as paint and then fused to the surface with heat. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Agora (Ἀγορά, Agorá) was an open "place of assembly" in ancient Greek city-states. |
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Definition
| A house which serves as the residence of a single, extended family. |
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Definition
| A slight convexity in the shaft of a column; compensates for the illusion of concavity that viewers experience when the sides are perfectly straight. |
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Definition
| Aphrodite (Ἀφροδίτη, ; ; Venus) is the Greek goddess of love, beauty and sexuality. According to Greek poet Hesiod, she was born when Cronus cut off Ouranos' genitals and threw them into the sea, and from the aphros (sea foam) arose Aphrodite. |
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Definition
| Stoas were covered colonnaded buildings that varied in size. They could be a place for council meetings, law courts, offices, shops, storerooms, or informal meetings. |
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Term
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Definition
| In Roman architecture, an insula (plural insulae) was a large apartment building where the Plebs (lower class) and Equates (middle class) of Romans dwelled. The floor at ground level was used for tabernas, shops and businesses with living space on the higher floors. |
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Definition
| A supporting column carved in the shape of a person. |
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Definition
| An inverted concave masonry triangle used to support a hemispherical dome. |
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Definition
| A period and style of Mediterranean culture influenced by the Greek art world following the conquests of Alexander the Great. The expression of inner emotions was more important than beauty to the artists of this period. Hyper realism characterized this period. |
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| The teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth. |
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Definition
| Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians; codified Roman law in 529; his general Belisarius regained North Africa and Spain (483-565). |
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Definition
Praxiteles / Aphrodite of Knidos (copy)
Greece / 350-340 BC
Important! This is the first monumental female nude in classical sculpture. |
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Definition
Praxiteles / Hermes & Dionysos (copy)
Greece / 340 BC |
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Praxiteles / Hermes & Dionysos (copy)
Greece / 340 BC |
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Definition
| 7 ft tall. Style: more emotion - bit of caring and recognition, more curve to body - weight shift more accentuated (S-curve), diagonal balance, eyes are fixed closer (introspection) torso musculature is less firm. Baby D looks more like a baby. |
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Definition
Roman Republican / Bacchic rites. Villa of Mysteries
Pompeii / 50 BC |
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Roman Republican / Bacchic rites. Villa of Mysteries
Pompeii / 50 BC |
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Definition
| Fresco on wall. Images are broken up with vertical columns, faux marble (dado), black verticals and red background, overlapping figures for depth, like a painted frieze. Faux border on top. Few men in composition, girl playing pan pipe, lady carrying food, woman getting dressed with attendant, women petting animals, dancing woman, old man (satyr) with gold leaf crown, boy holding mask, woman getting whipped by another woman. Interpretation: mystery cults - stages of the initiation of a woman into cult of Dionysos. |
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Praxiteles / Aphrodite of Knidos (copy)
Greece / 350-340 BC |
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Definition
| Aphrodite - goddess of heterosexual love, aphrox = sea foam. Sky god Uranus with jealous children who cut off his genitals and threw into the sea - caused sea foam - Aphrodite emerged from sea foam. Could bathe, dry off to justify nudity. Was hin a shrine. Full round sculpture. Shrine had front and back entrances to enjoy from either side. Modest Venus - one hand to cover pubic area; weight shift is very strong; introspective; diagonal balance. |
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Definition
Roman Republic / Garden. House of Livia
Primaporta / 1st c. BC |
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Term
Roman Republic / Garden. House of Livia
Primaporta / 1st c. BC |
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Definition
| Livia was wife of Augustus (Caesar); garden wall, trees at regular intervals and alternating behind/ahead of walls, birds, flowering bushes, fruit in trees, looks botanically correct, forms less distinct (atmospheric perspective, indicates depth) as we go back, sky; structured, depth in space, botanical correctness, exact way light looks on all these forms, atm. persp., sound is implied (by birds), depth with overlapping objects - no one has dealt with nature this lovingly before (Correlation: the more urban, the greater the love of nature - they miss it). |
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Definition
Ma Yuan / Bare Willows & Distant Mts.
China / 13th c. AD |
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Term
Ma Yuan / Bare Willows & Distant Mts.
China / 13th c. AD
COMPARED TO
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Definition
| Difference between Eastern and Western painting: economy of means (re: E) - less space, media; mist, implied line (re: E); work your way back layer by layer by diagonals; much of painting left unpainted (re: E); Qi & Li (chi and lee): meaning content & format/matter (re: E); literary text, landscape, large scale, fighting men, arch, sky - all painted (re: W); they differ in how humans included in landscape - (re: E) scale is awesome, things aren't obvious - required meditation - man is in harmony with nature, whereas (re: W) man conquers nature; capture the essence rather than the specific location (re: E's difference to W). |
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Ma Yuan / Bare Willows & Distant Mts.
China / 13th c. AD |
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Definition
| Produced during Song dynasty (Note: Song Dynasty caused a period of introspection and prevailing religion is Buddhism). Silk fan, black on silk, black is like India ink - less than 10" in diameter. Chinese painters chose to be artists as an avocation (it's not respected so it's on the side, like a hobby), espected to be well trained in many subjects. |
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