Definition: The overall plan or structure in a work of art

Fact 1: Defines the relationship among the component parts and involves balance of harmony of parts in relation to the entire work 

Fact 2: depends on how the formal elements are arranged and it is distinct from subject matter, content, or theme

Plane

def: a flat surface having a direction in space

fact 1: can be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal

fact 2: gothic cathedrals have vertical planes, greek temples have horizontal planes 

fact 3: an example would be Margritte's Pipe (horizontal)

Def: An equilibrium of components that produces aesthetically satisfying results. 

Fact 1: created by successful composition of blending harmonious elements

Fact 2: simpliest form of balance is symmetry

def: a technique used to create 3D space from a 2D image

Fact: modeling lines are typically used to make 3D

Fact: nearer objects overlap more distant objects

def: a path traced by a moving point

fact: moving point is the tip of whatever is used to create the image

fact: a line has no width or volume

fact: a line only has length and direction

def: a tool used in adding to the illusion of depth 

Fact: known as linear or geometric perspective

Fact: the simpliest system is one point perspective

Fact: example of one point perspective is a narrowing road

Def: the physical properties of color are defined by hue, value, intensity

Fact: a mixture of 2 primary colors produces a secondary color

Fact: intermediate colors can be produced by combining a primary and secondary color

Fact: primary colors consist of red, blue, yellow

Def: A physical property of color that is identical to the word color

Fact: each hue is present at a different wavelength, so mixing two wavelengths produces a different wavelenght, hence a new color 

Fact: the color wheel illustrates the relationship between color hues 

def: a physical property of color, describing an objects relative lightness or darkness

fact: also called brightness, shade, tone

fact: value characterizes both achromatic and chromatic works

def: a physical property of color describing the degree to which colors can be seen (brightness/dullness)

fact: also known as saturation or chroma 

fact: adding a color with an identical hue will decrease intensity 

fact: four methods of color changing intensity- adding white, adding black, adding grey of same value, adding comp. color

def: a style characterized by advances and changes in sculpting and painting and is one of the broad categories of Greek Art

date: 600-480 BC

fact: painting technique used during this time period is primarily black figure technique 

fact: the most dramatic black figure artist of the period was Exekias 

Fact: famous paining by exekias "Achilles and Ajax playing the dice game"

def: one of the broad categories in greek art that came after archaic style 

date: 480-400 BC

fact: pottery style done in red figure

fact: more elements of nature and landscapes depicted on pottery 

fact: trompe loeil (trick of the eye) used in this style 

def: Famous greek sculptor 

date: 440 bc

fact: well known for his doryphoros (spearbearer)

fact: thought of as "the embodiment of classical style"

fact: originally did his work in bronze 

Def: Greek City State

Date: 5th century bc- golden age of athens

fact: classical period in athens known as the age of perikles

fact: the construction of the acropolis occurred during the classical period 

fact: parthenon (448 bc), erechtheum (421 bc), and Propylaea located here

def: the high city of Athens, location of the main temple

date: mid 5th century BC

Fact: building plan headed by Perikles 

Fact: famous greek sculptor contributed to building project 

Fact: Money given to greece for defense fund was used for beautification of the city, the acropolis was part of this beautification

def: greek temple on the acropolis dedicated to athena 

date: 448-432 BC

fact: designated by Iktinos & Kallikrates, supervised by Phidias

fact: temple constructed in Doric Order

Def: Famous greek sculptor

date: 480-430 BC

Fact: supervised construction of parthenon starting in 448 bc

fact: depicted the story of athena's birth on the east pediment of the parthenon

Def: Type of temple building style characterized by the columns, walls, sculptures, and art work on the buildings

date: 600 BC

fact: the shaft does not stand straight up but it is slightly tilted about a quarter of the way up

fact: the frieze of a doric style temple contained metopes which had paintings seperated by triglyphs 

Def: Order style characterized by the columns, walls, sculptures, and art work on the buildings

date: 600 bc

fact: the shaft is taller in relation to diameter and fluting is narrower and deeper

fact: more graceful and elegant than doric

Def: order style that was most likely developed in corinth

date: late 5th century bc

fact: most recognized by acanthus leaf capital

fact: mainly used as interiors by the greeks in contrast to doric and iconic 

Def: Capital city of italy that rose to power after the fall of alexander the great in 323 bc

date: 735 bc- mythological founding date

fact: began to reach out after the death of alexander the great in 323 bc 

fact: heavily influenced by greek sculpture, painting, and architecture

fact: pope became center of life in rome 

Def: democracy formed by the romans after overthrowing etruscans

date: 509 bc- 27 bc

fact: led by 2 consuls who were elected annually

fact: highly stratified, upper classed ruled and lower class was unhapy

def: imperialist period that begins when octavian becomes first emperor 

date: 31 bc- 300 ad

fact: first ruling dynasty was the Julio- Claudian dynasty

fact: ruled over by an emperor instead of consuls which became an honorary post

def: an amphitheater built by Vespasian and titus to host gladiatorial, naval, and animal games

date: 72 AD

fact: roman amphitheater that was built over nero's lake and gardens

fact: had tuscan columns on ground floor, ionic on second, and corinthian on third

fact: had an intricate maze system under the main "ground floor" so that people could navigate underneath the floors of the arena 

Def: Ancient roman temple that was originally built by Agrippa in 27 bc and rebuilt by Hadrian in ad 117-125

date: 117-125 ad

fact: had a huge concrete rotunda and dome with an oculus opening and regular portico

fact: location of Raphael's tomb

def: a roof or ceiling of masonry constructed on the arch principle

date: 4th century bc

fact: the basis of the arch is the vault which is constructed from bricks in stone in a curving fashion 

fact: a row of arches produces a barrel or tunnel vault

Def: French Magician 

Date: 1805-1871

Fact: one of the leading box office attractions of his time

fact: 1845, opened theater des soirees- fanastiques in paris for magic shows

Def: French brothers Louis & Auguste who created the first camera and projector in one

Date: 1895 (first theater) 

fact: built the first theaters in paris

Fact: they made their own short films which were simple and short

Fact: created a short film called "a train was coming into town"

def: french magician and film maker 

date: 1902 (trip to the moon) born in 1861 

fact: considered the father of fantasy film

fact: started working in film after being influenced by lumier family

fact: known as one of the last great white magicians (magicians who did not claim to have magical powers)

Def: french academic painter specializing in sensual religious work 

date: 1825-1905

fact: gained popularity by catering to the taste of the noveau riche

fact: famous for 1879 work "birth of venus" shows a goddess awakening in a masculinized society

fact: his style was smooth and sweet

def: style of architecture commonly used in church meant to scare and intimidate people

date: 11-12 century ad

fact: it took elements from roman architecture such as columns, rounded arches, apses, and barrel vaults 

fact: example is Sainte Foy at conques in france

def: religious journey popular among christians 

date: 11th century ad (first crusades)

fact: used to forgive chrstians for their sins

fact: originally took place at churches with sacred relics

fact: Sainte-Foy in france was often a popular pilgrimage location

def: a series of military conflicts originally meant to recapture holy land from the Muslims 

date: 11th-13th century ad

fact: motivations were spiritual, material, territorial

fact: 4 official crusades followed by a long series of small expeditions

fact: the fear tactic was often used to have people join the cause

def: popular pilgrimage site in france on the way to spain

date: 1120 ad

fact: built for Sainte-Foy a young woman martyr who was killed in the 4th century

fact: the remains of Sainte-Foy were allegedly stolen from a monastery and brought to conques in a move called the descrete transfer

Def: the semi circle or triangular decorating surface over an entrance 

date: 1130 ad

face: an aspect of romanesque architecture that was originally roman 

fact: the sainte-foy at conques tympanum contains a relief called the last judgement

Def: an ornamental band or molding surrounding the tympanum of a romanesque or gothic church

date: 1115-1135 ad

fact: Saint Pierre at Mossiac has a romanesque example of an archivolt 

fact: gothic style archivolts would often have more bands radiating away from door

def: the horizontal crossbeam spanning an opening in the post and lintel system 

date: 1130 ad

fact: post and lintel architecture is th earliest type of architecture

fact: later in architecture lintel were used to hold up the masonry above a door or window

Def: An oval or almond shape radiance surrounding a holy person

date: 1130 ad

fact: it is usually seen surrounding the figures of christ in tympanum sculptures

fact: an example is at the relief at sainte foy at conques 

def: roman catholic cathedral

date: 1195

fact: done in romanesque style, exemplified by flat patterns and weightlessness characterizing the tympanum

fact: sculptural decoration by gisleberus

Def: A movement in art and architecture that was popular during the rise of humanism and when people were focusing on humanity and the growth of universities expanded on a rational thought

date: 1200-1400 ad

fact: unlike romanesque art gothic structures were light and airy focusing on the height and light 

fact: gothic structures were more welcoming than frightening unlike romanesque

fact: the exteriors are characterized by flying buttresses and sculptural decoration

def: Gothic church in france

date: 1140 ad

fact: considered the first gothic church

fact: built in honor of st. denis one of the patron saints of france

Def: a vault constructed of arched diagonal ribs with a web of lighter masonry in between

date: 1140 ad ( saint denis) 

fact: a deviation from older barrel vaults

fact: a characteristic of gothic architecture 

Def: windows composed of pieces of glass that have been colored with minerals and are held in place with strips of lead

date: 1140 ad (saint denis) 

fact: major feature in gothic architecture 

fact: the colored glass was often used to fill windows, letting light in and reflecting images on the interior of the church

def: pointed arches are a characteristic and essential feature of gothic structures

date: 1140 ad (saint denis) 

fact: they reflect the roman arch as well as islamic influence

fact: they are more flexible building element than the rounded arch as their height has no necessary relation to the width of the arch

Def: a feature of gothic architecture

date: 1140 ad (saint denis) 

fact: as walls were more opened and heighted to let in more light the structures needed more support

fact: the buttresses relieve the srrain on the walls and channel the force to the base of the structure 

Def: Gothic style cathedral in France

Date: 1134-1220 ad

fact: gothic churches were often structrually symmetrical but not formally symmetrical it is not common for towers to mismatch

fact: the tympanum above the door has a relief depicted of the second coming

Def: in basicilicas and churches the long narrow central area used to house the congregation

fact: largest hallway in church

fact: the one at chartres is 3 stories tall

Def: a cross arm in the christian church placed at right angles to the nave

date: 1134-1220 ad (chartes Cathedral) 

fact: shorter in length than nave

fact: rose windows are often placed at the ends of transepts

def: Italian high renaissance painter & architect 

date: 1438-1520 

fact 1: painted "madonna of the meadow" and "the school of athens" 

fact 2: embodied the classical character of the high renaissance 

def: means "toned down" or "vanished in smoke" as in technique that defines form by delicate gradiations of light and shade

fact: leonardo glazes to achieve sfumato in oil which created a soft haze

fact: it gives paintings a misty, dreamlike effect

fact: the mona lisa by leonardo di vinci uses this method

def: fresco painted by leonardo da vinci

date: 1495

fact: he experimented with a mixture of oil and tempera that flaked off and is badly damanged today

fact: depicts christ declaring to his 12 apostles that one will betray him

def: oil on wood painting by leonardo da vinci

date: 1503-1506

fact: also called La Gioconda (the smiling one)

fact: features a pyramidal composition and contrasing perspectives in the foreground and background

fact: uses sfumato

def: what was considred to be the culmination of art in the italian renaissance 

date: 1450-1520 

fact: artistic ideas of proportion, composition, and perspective spread from florence to rome and venice

fact: it inspired mannerism

def: Italian painter, inventor, sculptor, engineer

date: 1425-1519

fact: considered to be the archetype of renaissance man 

fact: used sfumato in his paintings

fact: painted mona lisa and last supper

def: flemish painter of the northern renaissance

date: 1390-1441 ad

fact: credited with inventing oil painting, but likely only perfected it

fact: paintings were very realistic, detail oriented, brightly colored, and filled with symbolism 

fact: direct and diffused lighting

def: northern renaissance oil painting by Jan Van Eyck 

date: 1434 AD

fact: full of christian symbolism 

fact: intense realism and rich detail 

def: italian city

date: 15 cent. ad (renaissance)

fact: wealthy patrons such as medici family supported humanism 

def: concerns in human values and interests as distinct from (but not opposed to) religious values 

date: 1300-1600 ad

fact: francesco petrarca is the father of humanism 1304-1374

def: the term itself means rebirth

date: began about 1400-1520 with the death of Raphael

fact: rediscovery of the classics and desire to reproduce the natural world

fact: began in florence