Figure of a Woman

Cycladic Islands

Geometric style. Painted eyes on. Fertility? Found on top of burials. Function- worship, ritual, funeral, portable, scarification/body art related to healing/pregnancy

Reconstruction of Palace at Knossos

Minoan

Bull motif and double ax found throughout castle. Not fortified. Multi-roofed and multi-surfaced. Flat roofs. Wood columns . Walls made of rubble. Frescos on wall. Wine and olive oil

Bull Leaping

Minoan

Dancers/acrobats leap over bull. Debate if actual event. Females have white skin, males red skin. Style-long limbs thin waist broad shoulders. Women had blue or black hair braided

Woman or Goddess with Snakes

Minoan

Snakes common motif- related to fertility, earth, and life cycle. Beast master motif. Priestess or goddess? Found in palace complex

Lion Gate

Mycenean

Heads made of precious material. Ruler on column? Lions represent guardianship and power

Funerary Crater

Geometric

Every centimeter is covered. Important imagery between two "ears" of piece. Dead person depicted with people mourning. The way their hands on their heads signified mourning. Horses have 8 legs- one horse behind another. Repeated use of geometric design. Highly stylized not naturalistic. Divided into clear registers

Man and Centaur

Geometric

Centaur prominent in Greek mythology- known to have good and bad sides. Dual sides of man. Man stabbed centaur- maybe to offer it to the gods. Found in sanctuaries. 

Pitcher (Olpe) with Black Figure Decoration

Orientalizing

Symmetrical figures. Using black figure- dark shapes define silhouettes of animals against background of very pale background. Repeated patterns of lions, panthers, goats, deer, bulls, boars, and swans. Stylized flower forms in background called rosettes

Peplos Kore

Archaic

Called peplos because of garment. Fully clothed. Hair is geometric but hanging more like hair. 

Standing Youth

Archaic

Kouros from Attica. Egypt influenced pose and proportions, related to Apollo. Funerary? Nudity normal for males. 

Anavysos Kouros

Archaic

More naturalistic. Found at cemetery near Athens. Still geometric hair. Muscularity suggests heroic strength

Achilles and Ajax Playing a Game

Archaic

Artist: Exekias

Dice game. Artist is master of black figure. Ajax is 2nd to Achilles- he is portrayed bigger. Achilles goes to battle after and dies. Ajax kills himself. Still holding weapons but set aside shields. Hunched over. Men mimic shape of vessel and shields line up with the handles  

Temple of Hera I: Plan and Exterior View

Archaic

Hera is wife of Zeus. Doric order. 

Treasury of Siphnians Reconstruction Drawing

Archaic

Built by residents of island of Siphnos. Caryatids- columns carved in the form of clothed women used. Ionic. 

Battle Between Gods and Giants

Archaic

Found in Temple of Siphnians. Giants thought to be a race that lived before Greeks and Olympic Gods. Gods overthrow their parents (giants). Also theme of Greeks battling Persians. It is a metaphor for victory and control over chaos. Civilization > Barbarism. Shows skirt flying, reality effects. Realistic lion action pose

Temple of Aphaia

Archaic

Doric. Part of a sanctuary dedicated to local goddess Aphaia. At the top of a hill overlooking the sea. 

Dying Warrior 

Archaic

Found in east pediment in Temple of Aphaia. More naturalistic. Posed more naturally trying to get up using shield. Last gasp of breath, his eyes closing. 

Kritios Boy

Early Classical

Found in Acropolis. Made either right before or right after Persian Wars. Eyes originally inlayed with stone. More naturalistic. Hair is shorter. More sophisticated anatomy. Less rigid- sense of movement. Reality effects. Super human beauty 

Charioteer

Early Classical

From Sanctuary of Apollo. Probably placed on chariot with horse. Found at site of games. Calm and serene face. Noble. Dignified. 

Warrior

Early Classical

Found in the sea. Silver teeth. Lips and nipples made of copper. Glass eyes. Contrapposto. Mature male. 

Doryphoros

High Classical

Artist: Polykleitos

Considered most beautiful proportions of a man (Jason)

Model Reconstruction of Acropolis

High Classical

View of Parthenon

High Classical

Sculptor: Pheidias

Architects: Iktinos and Kallikrates

Doric. Means virgin in Greek- Athena was virgin. Distorted shape to compensate distortions of viewer. Skewed shape to appear straight. Made to appear light and balanced

Plan of Parthenon

High Classical

Lapith Fighting Centaur

High Classical

In one scene centaur winning, another lapith winning. Good v. Evil. Greeks v. Persians. Reality effects- muscles hard and cloth flowy

Marshals Young Women, Panathenaic Festival

High Classical

Ionic. Seem to represent ideal inhabitants of city-state

Photographic Mock Up of East Pediment

High Classical

Nike Adjusting her Sandal

High Classical

Beautiful super human ideal. Motion is graceful and balanced. 

Aphrodite of Knidos

Late Classical

Arist: Parxiteles

Maintained classical style of ideal people but first nude female. Putting clothes over vessel used for bathing. She is either getting in or out of bath. Attempting to cover herself in cliche of modesty. Implies spectator. Makes viewer the spectator. 

Weary Hercules

High Classical

Artist: Lysippos

Alexander the Great Confronts Darius III at Battle of Issos

Hellenistic

More emotion than serene. More drama. Alexander is not wearing helmet and looks determined. Darius III looks worried and dropping his weapon. Moment of frenzy when he realizes he's going to lose. Style moves from rational to irrational

Dying Gallic Trumpeter 

Hellenistic

Fallen warrior. His hair identifies him as Gall. Mustache in Gall culture shows elite

Nike Victory of Samothrace

Hellenistic 

Goddess of Victory. Has wings. Commemorated naval victory. Posed on boat.

Athena Attacking Giants

Hellenistic

Despair shown in face

Laocoon and His Sons

Hellenistic

Artist: Hagesandros et al

Laocoon is priest for Trojans. Receives divine knowledge of trojan horse but Greek gods predetermined the victory so they send snakes to kill him and his two sons.