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- Greek word meaning "cubes"
- stones or pieces of glass cut to form a mosaic
- Example: Miracle of the loaves and fishes or Christ as he Good Shepherd
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- patterns or pictures made by embedding small pieces (tesserae) of stone or glass in cement
- found on walls and floors
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- a monumental tomb
- name comes from tomb of Mausolos (one of Seven Wonders of the Ancient World)
- Example: Mausoleum of Galla Placidia
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- a semi-circle area (flat side down) in a wall over a door, niche, or window
- also a painting or relief with a semi-circular frame
- Example: Ascension of Christ and the Mission of Apostles
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- windows that form the uppermost level
- below timber ceiling and vaults
- Example: Sant'Apollinare Nuovo and Santa Costanza
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- in Gothic Cathedrals
- the arcaded gallery below the clerestory (sometimes filled with stained glass windows)
- Example: Chartres Cathedral interior
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- a container for relics (body parts, clothing, or objects associated with a holy figure)
- Example: Head reliquary of Saint Alexander
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| Illuminated/Illustrated manuscript |
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- a luxurious handmade book with painted illustrations and decorations
- Example: Saint Matthew from the Coronation Gospels (Carolingian era)
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- the destruction of images
- during the middle Byzantine era (700s-800s), there was an imperial ban on images
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- Arabid for "cube"
- a small cubical building in Mecca, the Muslim world's symbolic center
- where it is said Muhammad preserved all of the Islamic idols after taking control of Jerusalem
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- a process of enameling cloisons (cells mde of metal wire or narrow metal strips soldered to a metal base)
- also known as "paste jewelry"
- Example: Purse cover from the Sutton Hoo burial
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- an art style that flourished in the monasteries of the British Isles in early Middle Ages
- "Hiberno" = Irish, "Saxon" = English
- distinguished by interlace, graphic designs, dragons
- Example(s): Purse cover from Sutton Hoo, Cross and carpet page, Chi-rho-iota page from the Book of Kells
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- found in early medieval manuscripts
- decorative pages resembling textiles (similar to Islamic tapestry)
- Example: Cross and carpet page
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Embellished word page (Chi-ro-iota page, Book of Kells) |
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- displayed on church altar
- contained illuminated and carpet pages
- usually containing "chi-ro-iota," (XPI) the initial letters of Christ in Greek.
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- empire of Charlemagne (Latin word for Carolus Magnus = Charles the Great) and his successors
- first holy Christian emperor of Rome
- admirer of learnining and the arts
- painted manuscripts and recovery of the true text of the Bible (800s)
- Example: Saint Matthew in the Coronation Gospels
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- pertaining to the empire of Otto I and his successors (sons of Charlemagne)
- mid-10th century
- distinguished by bronze doors, foreshortening and twisting bodies in statues, trancepts (part of the church that crossed the axis at a right angle)
- Saint Michael's, Hildesheim, Germany
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- the point at which two barrel vaults intersect at a right angle
- similar to early Romanesque churches
- groin vaults eliminated problems with barrel vaults
- Example: Saint Sernin at Toulouse
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- during the year 1000, people believed the end of the world was coming
- travelled through Romanesque Europe to see relics at monestaries and cathedrals
- chief mode of income among monestaries during Romanesque period
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- semi-circle lunette above the lintel
- Example: South portal of Saint-Pierre, Moissac, France
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- horizontal beam above doorway
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- center post supporting lintel in the middle of the doorway
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- side posts of a doorway
- often time decorated with "jamb statues"
- Example: Old Testament Kings and Queen, jamb statues at Chartres
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- a collection of illustrations of real and imaginary animals
- popular during the Romanesque age
- reminders of chaos in the world without God
- Example: Moissac cloister capitals and Bayeux Tapestry
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