Term
1)abnormal pacing of the heart
2)abnormal electrical conduction of the heart (blockade of conduction, hyper excitation/premature contraction)
-fibrillation? |
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Definition
| list the 2 causes of arrythmias |
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Term
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Definition
| slower than normal speed HR (<60bpm) |
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Term
1) vagal nerve stimulation
2) elite athlete
3) cold temperature
(stuff that slows depolarization) |
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Definition
| list the causes of bradycardia |
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Term
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Definition
| faster than normal speed (>100 bpm) |
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Term
1) sympathetic nerve stimulation
2) epinephrine
3) drugs
4) increased temperature
5) HYPERthyroidism
6) blood loss
7) fever
8) digitalis toxin |
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Definition
| list the causes of tachycardia |
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Term
| sinus tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia |
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Definition
| what are the 2 types of tachycardia? |
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Term
| sinus tachycardia (remember that R-R wave = heart rate, so <3 big boxes = >100bpm) |
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Definition
| shortened R-R interval(3 big boxes or less), but normal QRS, and normal p interval (normal conducting path of the heart) |
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Term
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Definition
| shortened R-R interval, but inverted or missing p waves, possibly widened QRS? |
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Term
heart rate INcreases with INspiration
decreased vagal output (increases pacemaker) |
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Definition
| how does heart rate change with inspiration? vagal output? |
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Term
why: either neuronal spillover in the medulla (cardio & breathing centers are close by)
or
change in pressure in thoracic cavity alters venous return, changing BP, and activating the baroceptor reflex) |
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Definition
| why does breathing affect heart rate? |
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Term
phasic rise in vagal activity(slows pacemaker)
HR decreases |
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Definition
| what happens to vagal activity during expiration, what happens to heart rate? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
1) SA block
2) AV Block (lots o types)
3) Intraventricular block |
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Definition
| what are the causes of abnormal conduction in the heart due to a block? |
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Term
| SA nodal block -QRS is normal because AV nodes take over for the SA - no observable P waves because no atrial depolarization(SA) -slower depolarization (slow HR) due to slower funny current of AV |
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Definition
| arrhythmia characterized by: no p wave normal QRS and slowed(longer) R-R interval |
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Term
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Definition
characterized by:
normal P wave
an ****increased P-R interval****
no dropped QRS |
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Term
0.12-0.20 seconds (3-5 tiny boxes)
first degree, or second degree type 1 AV block would cause an increased P-R interval, so for first degree >0.20s |
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Definition
| what is a normal P-R interval? what would increase this? |
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Term
congenital
ischemic attack
ionic disturbance |
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Definition
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Term
| second degree AV block type 1 |
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Definition
arrhythmia characterized by:
slowly increasing P-R interval
occasional dropped beats(due to complete conduction block) |
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Term
| second degree type 2 AV block |
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Definition
arrhythmia characterized by:
normal P-R interval
occasional dropped beats |
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Term
| third degree block is a complete AV block |
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Definition
arrhythmia characterized by:
Normal heart rate
complete dissociation of P and QRS |
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Term
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Definition
| syndrome characterized by fainting due to a 2nd or 3rd degree AV block that comes and goes |
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Term
| Intraventricular block (electrical alternans) |
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Definition
arrhythmia characterized by:
blocked conduction in the Purkinje system |
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Term
1) premature atrial contractions
2) AV node or AV bundle premature contractions
3) premature ventricular contractions |
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Definition
| list the 3 types of premature excitation |
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Term
premature atrial contraction (PAC)
basically the atria is hyper excited so it depolarizes before the SA tells it to
-this is an abnormal path of of conduction |
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Definition
arrhythmia characterized by:
***shortened PR interval***
different shaped P waves
narrow QRS (possibly a shortened one) |
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Term
| AV nodal/bundle premature contraction |
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Definition
arrhythmia characterized by:
P wave not associated with QRS
non "regular" beats |
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Term
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Definition
arrythmia characterized by:
P wave not associated or shortened PR interval
QRS earlier than normal
widened QRS
***usually inverted T wave**** |
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Term
PAC (premature atrial contraction)
PVC (premature ventricular contraction)
Ventricular tachycardia |
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Definition
| what causes shortened P-R intervals? |
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Term
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Definition
| what causes a widened QRS complex? |
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Term
myocardial infarction/ischemia
agents that cause excitability in cells |
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Definition
| what are the causes of PVC's? |
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Term
| the AV node (the depolarization is still flowing in the right angle) |
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Definition
| if QRS is positive the ectopic foci is probably close to ____ |
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Term
Atrial fibrillation
caused by many ectopic foci in atria (circus movement) |
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Definition
arrythmia characterized by:
normal QRS
absent P waves
irregular beats
non fatal |
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Term
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Definition
arrythmia characterized by:
quickly fatal
no recognizable P, QRS, T
no real contraction of the ventricles |
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Term
| 1) enlarged atria or ventricle 2) slowing of conduction 3) shorter refractory period |
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Definition
| what are the 3 reasons for circus movements of the atria or ventricle |
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Term
| Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome |
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Definition
syndrome characterized by:
depolarization traveling through a bundle of Kent(accessory bundle)
delta wave (slurring)
widened QRS
shortened P-R interval |
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Term
| PVC's because P-P intervals are normal/regular so it is a ventricular problem |
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Definition
| what does thromboxane cause in the rabbit? |
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Term
| it decreases thromboxane release to prevent arrhythmias |
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Definition
| why should someone with heart disease take aspirin? |
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