Simone Martini, Annunciation, 1333

Example of International style, clearly seen by the gold background.

Story of Annunciation tells of the angel, Gabriel, sent by God to the Virgin Mary this is the pregnation of Mary. Gabriel is holding an olive tree branch which represents Mary's virginity. 

Claus Sluter, Well of Moses, Chartreuse de Champmol, Dijon,1395

Moses is depicted here with horns because of a mistranslation of the Bible (they were suppose to be rays of light). Sluters' workshows highly emotional facial expression, figural stance, and drapery.

Sluter was the most important northern European sculptor and was considered a pioneer of the "northern realism".

Famous Dutch Renaissance miniature painters active in the early 15th century.

known for Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry akaThe Book of Hours. This was a collection of text for each liturgical hr of the day. This work was considered the archetype of International Gothic style. This was the first time a calendar was so lavishly represented. The Limbourg brothers' miniature painting are remarkable in the mastery of rendering space for such a small canvas. Limbourg brothers are also know for their use of vivid colors, specifically ultramarine (Lapis-Lazuli)

Jacopo della Quercia, Ilaria del Carretto, Lucca, 1406-1408

Earliest known sculpture by Quercia. Sculpted is his wife who died during child birth, the dog by her feet represents fidelity and faithfulness. This sculpture is entirely renaissance in conception and execution, the the carved folds of drapery and engravings had dirt in them to define the lines and we later removed. The removal of the dirt, Patina, changed the interpretation of the scultpure from peaceful and radiant to a ghost.

Andrea Mantegna, Dead Christ, c.1500

excellent example of forshortening, at the front the feet are enormous and the rest of the body gets smaller as the images recends.

Masaccio, Expulsion, 1425, Brancacci Chapel, Carmine Florence.

Depicts the expulsion of Adam and Eve, shows the great agony and shame in their raw facial expression and stance. Shows the affect of the Renaissance in the artwork bc it has a more realist portrayal of the human body and gravity.

Nude: secure, posed for beauty.

Ex. Nude model for art classes. Nudity of David in the Biblical story, he fought w/out clothes symbolizes Christian purity.

Naked: vulnerable, w/out clothing, pornographic. Ex.Prono, figures w/out power, w/out clothing, and thus vulnerable.

Piero della Francesca, Battista Sforza, Duchess of Urbino, after 1475.

painted in stark realism. Battista Sforza died in 1472 and this was painting of her after she died, and memorial painting. Shows the importance of power related to portrait paintings, more often than not portraits were done of those in a position of power.

The Sacrifice of Isaac (1401) competition

-Filippo Brunelleschi v Lorenzo Ghiberti
    They both entered in their artwork for the competition panel for the East Door
        The Gates of Paradise, of the Florence Baptistry.
    Ghiberti won the competition bc his panel was cheaper, 15lbs lighter, and not
        necessarily better.

[this image is of Brunelleschi, the losing panel]

considered one of the founders of the Renaissance, along with Brunelleschi and Donatello. He was strongly influenced by Brunelleschi and Donatello, learning mathematical proportion from Brun. and learning classical art from Donatello which led him away from the prevailing Gothic style.

Masaccio was conserned less with detail and ornamentation than with simplicity, unity, & three dimensionality. Famous for his work, The Holy Trinity and Tribute Money.

Masaccio, The Holy Trinity, 1425

the most famous work of Masaccio. The painting depicts Momento Mori*, reminders of death, and also shows the influences of Brunelleschi and Donatello with the mathematical vanishing perspective and classical stylings. This painting is also believed to be an educational tool; Ars Moriendi*, preparation for a good death.

Sandro Botticelli, Birth of Venus, c.1480

Famous for Madonna and Child 1450.

He formed a relationship with a nun, Lucrezia Buti, and tried to run away with her but they were caught. The Medici's saved him from disgrace and further punishment  by releasing them from their vows. They got married and had two children, Filippino Lippi and Alessandra. Lippi wasn't faithful to his wife, Lucrezia, and was poisoned by another lover at age 57.  

Lucrezia Buti

"Nun on the run" 

Filippo Lippi, Madonna and Child, 1450

One of Lippi's most celebrated works. The shape of the circular panel was a favorite for religious compositions. The pure face of the Virgin Mary is almost in the center, along with her child they constitute the principal object of veneration and of vision.

Robert Campin, Merode Altarpiece, c.1425-30?

In this alterpiece Mary and Joseph are depicted together at the point in time were Mary is told she will have baby Jesus. At this time Joseph and Mary are engaged and therefore it is extremely rare to see the assemblage of subjects. However, there is some discression as to if they are actually seen together or not, in the bg on the leftwing it is visible that it is spring time whereas on the other side you can see snowflakes which could represent a passage of time.

Other notable things in this painting is that its style is blunt realism free from the Int. Gothic style. Also the objects in Josephs' workshop represent allude to the Crucifixion of Christ with the log that rep. the wood of the cross & the stick propped against it, the crown of the Passion. etc. (pg.68)

1.) Renaissance was a turning point in portraiture, they were given an important role.

2.) depicted donors, they were represented in the work they commisioned.

3.) Emphasized the material richness and elegant poses of those represented

4.) Northern Renaissance seldom used portraits after 1420.

5.) Portraits were often used to display power, powerful people would get their portraits painted.