Soviet Union

1918-32

Vkhutemas Academy

1920-1930

Konstantin Melnikov

1890

• Studied painting and architecture
• become conservative under Stalin's rule

USSR Pavilion

Exposition Des Arts

Melkinov

Paris 1925

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Rectangle in Plan, with a diagnol pathway that slices through the plan. Built out of wood, and covered the path

1925

Melkinov

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Parking deck that sits over water. not really possible but wanted to show NEW soviet Union

1927

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• Two Cylinders that intersect
• Materials built of salvage stuff like timber and whatnot, due to material shortage
• Studio with all the polygonal windows

Le Corbusier

1928

• Car designed by Corb
• Designed with minimum amount of material, similar to BUG

Le Corbusier

1931

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• Radient City, Big formal Layout
• Organization dominated by high rise with green space in between

Le Corb

1930

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• impressed with the linearity of the coastal highway, proposes a linear city
• Buildings support roadway on roof, didnt really think about traffic noise

Le Corb

Paris 1933

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homeless shelter with glazed wall on south. Became unhabitable because it was so hot, so sun shading was put on

Pavilion Suisse

Le Corbusier

Paris university, 1933

• dorms for french-speaking students
• uses 5 points and implements them to mass housing
• Raised up on huge concrete blocks
• each room has max amount of light

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Frank Lloyd Wright

1931

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• City planning- institutionalizing suburbs 
• idea of small farms, nuclear powered helicopters

Usonian Houses

Weltzheimer House

Frank lloyd Wright,

Oberlin

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• Specifically built for USA, Uses plywood as a design method.
• How to use the most amount of plywood with least amount of cuts
• economical

Frank Lloyd Wright

Bear Run PA 1936

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• i know enough about this damn building

Frank lloyd Wright

1936

Racine WI

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• plexiglass tube on exterior
• Research tower like Larkin Building, toplit with very few windows on outside

Frank lloyd Wright 

1943

• Wanted to create gallery that nobody has ever seen before
• spirals down, floor sloped so the paintings created an issue

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Gunnar Asplund

1920

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• Cylinder that intersects cube, which makes it classical but also modern
• Neo-classical, windows are punched openings

Peter Jensen Lint

1921

Copenhagen

• has the feel of old Gothic Cathedral but in a modern sense
• NO gothic ornamentation on it

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Alvar Aaolto

1932

Finland

• for treatment of TB, you can wheel out patients to sunny balconies
• Building designed around the balcony idea
• Single loaded corridor, narrow and long

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Alvar Aalto

1927

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• Wanted to build what architecture was going to be
• Cubic masses with circular skylights
• roof organized by series of irregular curves, also with acoustics in mind 

Alvar Aalto

1938

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• Vacation home, wood very strong in design
• Idea of organic vs inorganic
• L- shaped form Living wing, bedroom wing
• Not really a machine for living in, and now built into the landscape instead of seperate.
• Vertical wood strops

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Alvar Aalto

1939

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• Temporary Pavilion that took people by suprise
• INterior open with obvious curved wall
• Walls had pictures of finnish life

Alvar Aalto

1949

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• influenced by town halls and plazas in Italy
• Steps spill from corner to the courtyard

Boston

1947

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• Curve designed into it, all brick
• Serpentine hallway runs through center

Marcello Piacentini

Universitaria 

1935

• Intended to be a university city
• fascist architecture intended to make you feel small
• abstract columns without ornamentation
• new chapel was built, likes like borromini chapel

Casa Del Fascio

Guiseppe Terragni

1932

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• fascist house, sits in a piazza
• Modernism with old italian building traditions
• Golden section brought into design
• theres a loggia where mussolini would adress the crowds
• building designed for propaganda and rallies

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Guiseppe Terragni

1929

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• Takes many ideas from other architects
• curvilinear staircases, with piple railings
• sense of a ship, also tile floors

Guiseppe Terragni

1935

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• small kindergarten built with simple planes
• canvas awnings to shade glazing and control temperature
• structure pulls back inside of the facade plane

Guiseppe Terragni

Frigerio 1939

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• Two halves of building located half level from eachother
• allowed for stairway to have landing every half floor

Guiseppe Terragni

1933

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• Monument of the fallen
• Built to honor futurists architects that died during WWI

Soviet Union

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• demolished to provite site for gian stalin building
• building was huge but never finished, turned into giant swimming pool

Boris Iofan

1937

Paris

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• Symbol of the Soviet union
• Vertical elements of stone empasizing verticality
• always in competition with germany

Hyroelectric Dam Projects

USSR/US

many large projects to create symbol of the Soviet state

Strong sense of competition with US

1935

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• Mussolini planned to hold a world exhibition
• became an office complex seperate from Rome
• Series of different Buildings including 
• Palazzo della Civilta Itiana and palazzo dei congressi

Guerrini, La padella and Romano

1936

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• Modern day colleseum
• Series of arches, square building with no relief
• contrsuction almost 3rd world

Universale di Roma

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• congress Hall
• Typical fascist forms, big columns

National Socialist Party

Kraft durch Freude

1933

mobility and travel, happiness promised by the Nazis

Shown in posters

Albert Speer

1934

Neurnberg

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• Turned out to be an outdoor polital rally place
• spotlights at night created a cool scene

Albert Speer

Paris Exhibition 

1937

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• pavilion that stood across from Soviets at the exhibition
• very tall to accentuate height

Woolworth Building

Cass Gilbert

New York

1913

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• Actually paid for with Cash, woolworths was penny store
• First building taller than the eiffell tower
• U- shaped building despite having electricity
• People pay to go to the top, created alot of revenue
• Grand lobby with mosaic covered dome, engineers were able to calculate wind loads

Ernest Graham and ass.

New York

1915

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• Huge building built right on top of the street, scared some people
• Too overbearing, set-back laws came from this building
• you can build as high as you want on 25% of your land

William van Allen

1930

NYC

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• one of the set back law buildings
• Top spire of the building designed last minute
• Several chrysler symbols on the building including radiator caps
• Brick structure and cast aluminum tiles
• Entry was way too damn big

Shreeve, lamp and Harmon

1931

NYC

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• was tallest in world for awhile, 1250 feet tall
• top was designed to be dock for zeppelins, wouldnt really work
• has six story base, but does not step up, just goes HAM with the tower
• Cast aluminum in spandrels emphasize verticality

New York

1932

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• Pretty muhc only building built during depression
• Does not adhere to set back laws
• Wide enough for two office spaces and a hallway
• courtyard

Le Corbusier

Marseille

1947

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• 5 points of architecture at bigger scale
• concrete building, letting the material be itself
• looks for system of modular design
• gym, outdoor movie theatre, daycare center
• corridor on every other floor, helped becaus of no AC
• Double heigh areas keep the units from feeling cramped

Minoru Yamasaki

1954

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• Public housing taken form ideas of Le Corb
• Elevated communal spaces
• Couldnt provide security in sky spaces so the place was blown the fux up
• Known as the day modernism died
• this project sucked nuts
• it really did
• no seriously people got mugged

le Corb

Ronchamp

1955

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• pretty unique form, concrete shell that is the roof
• plan accomodates for the pilgrims that come in
• indoor/outdoor altar space. bright colored doors, roof doesnt sit on wall

le Corb

Eveux Switzerland

1960

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• concrete cluster, all organizer around center
• hovers on pilotis about steep hilled grade

Le Corbusier

India

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• indian gov. made something modern after gainging independence in 1947
• made city plans with organized sectors
• secretariot building was semi failure
• Ventilation at the top created problems and the cooling effect never worked

Mies van der Roh

1938

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• founded by the peeps who make SPAM
• 39 buildings on campus, flat terrain= simple buildings

Mies Van der Roh

1952

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• Part of the armour institute of tech. Steel and Glass
• No columns anywhere, concept of universal open space

Mies van der Rohe

1946

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• Glass house totally, where all famous arhcitects came to use illicit drugs and have orgys
• Not really but maybe
• Hovers above the ground on Pilotis, Columns are on outside of glazing
• Basically barc. pavilion in home form

Mies Van der Rohe

Chicago

1948

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• Residence tower on lakeshore drive
• Walls had to be stiffened for lateral loading
• makes an L shape with the two towers, visible steel that doesnt affect the structure

Mies van Der Rohe

New York

1956

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• They wanted a signature building
• bronze tint and bronze urrthang
• gets rid of set back space to create a plaza- expensive move
• Lobby is extension of plaza

Buckminster Fuller

Wichita House

1929

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• Modular House, whole thing should fit in a tube
• Wind turbine provides power
• self sustaining, pre fab and very small

Buckminster Fuller

1933

• Shaped like airplane
• Technology at time didnt really allow for him to do what he wanted

Buckminster Fuller

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• He thought about the earth as an enclosed space and the perfect structure
• The dome leaked like a mutha and the plexiglass wore out

Buckminster Fuller

1967

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• Geodesik Dome, plexiglass is gone but shell remains
• also leaked like a mutha

Johnson

New Canaan CT

1949

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• First house to fully be glass and steel
• Pretty close to Farnsworth house. Famous architects did come and take drugs and possible orgys here too
• Not really, just kidding again
• All columns  moved to tha corners

Johnson

Garden Grove Ca

1980

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• Copies mies van Der Roh's glass ideas
• Glass and steel, but held together by silicon glue so it could withstand earthquakes
• Criticized for huge doors and jumbo screens and views to beautiful parking lot. lol

Johnson and John Burgee

New York

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• One of FIRST post-modernist buildings. does have ornament
• Classical style and influence from Fascist arch. unfortunately

PP&G Tower

GO STILLERS!!

PITTBURGHHHHH

Johnson and John Burgee

1984

Pittsburgh

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• Cleveland does not have a building even close to as cool as this
• inspector gadget got into a fight on the top floor of this building
• 231 speyers, made up of 6 total buildings of 3 city blocks
• Made of glass, Pittsburgh Plate Glass

Kahn

Pennsylvania

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• 3- pin wheel towers and large tower
• Pre-stressed concrete and fabricated off site
• budget cuts leave the structure exposed in many spots

Kahn

La Jolla CA

1959

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• first off. badass building. BAMF
• there is sections for working, living and meeting
• 6 floors, with 2 under grade because of 4 story height limit
• Light wells allow light into underground floors, works well for laboratory

Kahn

Fort Worth TX

1967

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• Series of arches and barrell vaults master the use of light
• Plexiglass skylights in the middle of the barrell vault
• Light avoids artwork, but sucessfully fills the room through his vault system
• BADASS

Gorden Dickshaft

 New York

1909

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• First total glass skyscraper. Lever wanted a headlining building to stand out
• Avoided step back by just building 25% tower and eliminating other space
• Ground level covers the site, includes a roof garden for employees to eata nd chill
• Had to cantilever building out because of subway beneath the foundations. tempered glass throughout
• Revolutionizing because it was cheaper to build with fixed windows and free facade
• Structure is pulled away from the facade and some glass was replaced because of overheating
• concrete is behind some glass because of code

Falzur Kahn & Bruce Graham

Chicago

1969

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• 1,127 Feet Tall. Kahn was the engineer and Graham the Architect.
• Kahn was genious behind the building by making the structure on the outside to create the tube.
• Building also is battered on the way up, and has a smaller footprint at the top
• Residential tower is on top of the office tower. TV studio at top. winds make it sway

Falzur Kahn

Chicago

1974

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• 1,451 ft. tall. Uses bundled tube design to reach tha sky. idea came from cigarette pack
• World's tallest tower for a long time
• Doesnt have froo froo stuff at the top, built cheaply and effectively
• Glass helps in winter, gets hot in summer
• Floorplates are huge and allows for alot of rent, smaller prints at top
• built on caisonss like a bridge, drilled 100 feet down for it. economical with less elevators

Jorn Utzon

Sydney

1957

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• His Skamatic design itself won the contest for the comission
• he never really thought about how to build it, and didnt wanna leave his home in skandanavia
• Mayor of Sydney wanted to fast track the construction and poured the foundations too early.
• Said it was dishonest to make the shells not self supporting, so used graph paper for analysis
• ended up using technology to make them self supporting.
• utzon had original design but structural engineer changed it alot to make it workable. Nightmare to build, but is surely a known building today

Oscar Niemeyer

1957

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• Brasil wanted a capital in the middle of the country to get people to move away from the ocean and inland
• You had to take an airplane to get into the city, so that inspired the form for no reason
• Awesome glass cathedral, with forms pushing up like a crown
• nice architecture by oskar, but city design sucks

Eero Saarinen

1962

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• COOL AS TERMINAL> DAMN ADA
• looks like bird in flight, inspires people about to get onto a flight
• Plane sizes outgrew the terminal, now used for international flights
• Design based on form and shape, not much structural understanding in mind
• Alot of scaffolding in order to build it, cost just as much to build it twice
• Divided into 4 sections by thin skylights
• too much stairs for these days

Eero Saarinen

St. Louis

1947

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• comepetition for a monument for Louis and Clark's expedition of the USA.
• Saarinen died before it was built, but his design won
• Portal to the West, Parabolic arch faced with stainless steel plates that were structural
• Constructing it was a beotch, and several warehouses were tore down

Kenzo Tange

1955

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• very LE Corb like. Raised up on pilotis and has thin vertical elements. arch at ground zero
• dont mess with 'merica

Kenzo Tange

1964

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• designed a few venues, including natatorium above and also basketball and volleyball. Essential suspension bridges that are tensile structures.
• Twin cables seperate as they go across the center and allows light in.

Kenzo Tange

1966

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• Using the idea of Metabolism
• -We are a transient society and a framework where you can plug dif. things in.
• The building is static though, with concrete pilars with floors betwen

Pier Luigi nervi

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• Huge canopy over bleachers. it is counterbalanced by the beams that support the seats.
• Spiral staircase runs off of the back

Pier Luigi Nervi

Orvieto

1937

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• had to have doors wide enough for wingspan obiviously
• Used interlacing webs of concrete and a shell above it
• When dynamited, the shell fell directly down and stayed intact

Pier Luigi Nervi

1958

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• Built for upcoming olympics with criss crossing interlacing concrete ribs.
• labor cost is very high on these structures

Pier Luigi Nervi

Torino

1958

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• Exhibiton Hall with individual modular units that are self supporting by these tree things

Gio Ponti

Milano

1956

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• skyscraper by main trainstation. steel was harder to come by in Italy
• tall and Narrow, with a glass facade
• ends are pulled in and makes the building appear to curve
• Plane crashed into it

Carlo Scarpa

Venezia

1958

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• Several different materials used together. varnished wood ceiling and tile floors
• narrow brass supports each stair tread as it abstractly climbs

Carlos Scarpa

Don Vito

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• Comission to design extentsion of city cemetary out for the family.
• very influenced by frank lloyd Wright, with T shaped void that brings you into the chapel
• The interaction of landscape and building is Wright-esque
• Arch with hubby and wifey's sarcophogus's leaning towards eachother with a water cascading down a pond system.
• very thoughtful of materials before building

Louis Barragan

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• Courtyard is purple,very radical for mexico

Las Arboledas Development

Luis Barragan

1957

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• Suburban House design with horse stables
• Plaster mixed with color
• Horse trough and water feature

Palmira Chapel

Felix Candela

Cuernavaca

1958

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• Outdoor Worship Space and shapes out of straight lines
• they create curves, but use thin rods as structural supports

Richard Meier

Harbor Springs MI

1971

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• Influence by le Corb, but Merica-ed, it resides on a steep hillside with a bridge to it.
• Living is at top and acts as a ship looking onto the lake.

Richard Meier

Rome

2003

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• 20th Century church concept, all with same white paint
• Interior is like Le Corb's church, and there is grid-like forms for altar

Michael Graves

1982

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• Post modernism- actually won competition for the design
• Took a historic idea, blew it up, and applied it on a large scale building. Wanted a village atop it
• Somehow left out cost of elevator, and inexperianced workers did not help the construction

Michael Graves

Disney World

1990

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• Obvi there are damn swans on the damn building
• Alot of color to represent water and movement

Peter Eisenman

1971

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• Had a total of 10 houses, inspired by Corb and Rietveld
• Interior had mirror and infusing forms with a master bedroom that had two twin beds, with an open slot between them
• (lonely man? )

Peter Eisenman

OSU

1989

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• Part of Design based on Deconstructivism- erasing things without meaning
• Wanted a castle feel to it including a big grid ofsteel coming from it
• Columns come down in weird places
• Building leaks- no way

Peter Eisenman

Berlin

2003

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• communicates life and death through simple blocks, varying in heights

Robert Venturi

Philly

1964

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• retirement home for the Union workers
• No ornament anywhere. fake TV antennae
• Column in middle is somewhat ornament

Charles Moore

1964

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• working with landscape and sustainability is just now hitting minds of architects
• Cluster housing- different because rich people wanted privacy from others
• Wood theme is brought through entire structure

Chales Moore

New Orleans

1978

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• Built in italian area of New Orleans
• surrounded by classical It. architecture
• fountain in middle

Pei

Washington DC

1974

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• the 1910 building required an extention, Pei loves triangles
• Acute triangles leading upto it, entrance is big simple opening
• Plan is triangular, skylight above atrium

Cobb

Boston

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• Built right next to trinity Cathedral in Copley square
• Supposed to mirror the Cathedral,ends up just shadowing it all the time
• Small slice taken out of a plain skyscraper, gives life to it
• Building needed work and glass needed to be treated after a few 500 pound peieces fell from the sky

Louvre Entrance

Pei

1985

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• Its different from everything, but thats what makes it work and stand out.
• better place for entrance than east wing

Pei

1993

Mistake on the Lake

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• Pei selected as architect, was very old at the time and rock and roll probably wasnt his thing
• Glass wall is similar to Louvre, cuz thats all he makes
• Block peds. from waterfront, building wasnt supposed to be at that site
• Would not pay him to redesign it
• Glazing faces the South and causes heating issues
• Actually hall of fame is JOKE. barely any Zeppelin stuff and the Beatles are worshipped
• Rush just now was inducted last year
• Madonna is in it 0__0

Mario Botta

1973

Riva San Vitale

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• vacation home, idea that form is most important
• masonry left rough and very industrial
• Cube with different elements cut out of it
• bottom is also living area

Mario Botta

1980

Stabio

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• very simple with rough CMU again
• Rest of town is classical italian, there is also a skylight that cuts through the whole damn thang

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Mario Botta

Morbo inferiore

1972

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• Ugly concrete construction in a modular sense
• Recessed entry, pods not connected on second floor
• Connected visually however

Mario Botta

1981

Lugario

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• Solid corner, but cuts out stepped pattern
• Offices reside on the stepped glazing spaces
• Format of residences built, but at a much bigger scale

Norman Foster

Ipswich

1975

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• Design comes from line of historical buildings of the city
• Black glass facade wraps around it
• Green roof for workers to be happy and chill

Norman Foster

1986

China

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• Costed a whopping 737$ a square foot. Way more than the normal skyscraper
• Triangles in design had to be changed because of fung schway (i know thats horrible wrong)
• The middle of the building is open, gives space to all offices, but takes up valuable space
• Open is totally open to outside, glazed ceiling to take care of airflow
• Hige light scoop on side of building and fake helicpad on top

Commerzbank

Norman Foster

1991

Frankfurt

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• Tallest building in Europe, 56 stories tall
• triangular in format, has series of bridges and atrium in center
• 3  stories of trees and intermediate gardens for employees to chill
• Each room has double glazing and has an air system to cool the building

Norman Foster

2004

London

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• first off- Ugly ass building. shouldnt exist
• First building to exceed heigh of St. Paul's thus destroying respect factor because it shouldnt exist
• intended to conserve energy, but is still a full glass facade so had warming probs
• tough and expensive to maintain the building because of its curvy nature

Frank Gehry

1978

CA

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• wood stud residence, arts and crafts style. Basically a house deconstructed down to the exposed lightbulbs
• Unpainted plywood and chain linked fencing

Frank Gehry

1997

Bilbao

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• Took an old Post-industrial city and tried to spark economic growth by making a landmark
• Form controls everything, made on computer
• Problems with concentrated solar reflected off the material

Frank Gehry

2002

Case Western University

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• Cool building
• Super curved forms made from titanium, snow fall is in a controllable spot
• Combined brick with titanium which was cool but not the best idea
• Balconies and corridors move together