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Details Title: Archaeology Description: Mid term study Total Flash Cards: 93 Created: 10/09/2006 17:09:01	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Speculative Stage Definition (1500-1890) guessing stage beginning to take shape 2,000 year old city Term Cultural Historic Phase Definition (1890-1960) beginning of professional Archaeology Term Scientific Stage Definition (1960-?) science being used Term European Renaissance or "Rebirth" Definition Interest In Relics around Them, focus on lives of the past and "Cabinets of Curiosity." Term Pompei and Herculaneum Definition Volcanoe froze the citys in time Term Arch Bishop James Ussher Definition (1580-1656) vice chancellor cambridge University world created sunday, october 23,4004 bc. Term uniformitarianism Definition the processes that exist stil exist today, sedimentary rocks form by gradual accumulation of material over very long periods of time. Term Lyell Definition Thought the world was 100 million years old Term 1856 Definition discovery of neanderthal fossil Term Jacque Boucher de Perthes Definition found arrowhead imbedded in a hippo bone 1856? Term Three Age System Definition Stone Age, Bronze Age, And Iron Age proposed by CJ Thomsen Term Social And Political Movements Contributing? Definition Age of Enlightenment= Increasing interest in science, exploration, industrial revolution, religious reformation = declining faith Term Thomas Jefferson Definition First Systematic archaeological excavation. 1784, excavated an indian burial mound Term 19th century social theory Definition cultured evolution=evolution isnt just for birds...survival of the fittest....marxism Term marxism Definition Karl Marx(1818-1883) communist, soviet...founder of materialism=what you have is what you are... influenced by anthropology and cultural evolution Term Thomas Malthus Definition (1766-1834) political economist..human population will outstrip our abilitys to feed ourselves and it would lead to survival of the fittest Term Herbert Spencer` Definition Philosopher, sociologist, came up tith the term survival of the fittest, proponent of cultural evolutionism. Term cultural historic phase Definition (1890-1960) ex. Franz Boas, Gordon Childe. Term Franz Boas- Colombia University Definition cultural particularism, not an archaeologist but a good mentor, his students founded most anthropology departments in old world Term England-V. Gordon Childe (1892-1954) Definition diffusionist converted to marxism, interested in broadscale cultural development in old world. Term Cultural Historic Approach Definition Time/Space Systematics, Chronology, direct historical approach, understanding by working backward from modern cultures Term diffusion Definition an explanation of culture change and expansion Term Archaeological Areas Definition the gradual exchange of ideas, beliefs, technologies, and other cultural traits from one region to another Term spelunker Definition cave explorers Term Le Grotte Chauvet Definition one of the oldest paleolithic caves, stone age, markings of animals meaning primitive existence Term Machu Picchu Definition discovered by Hiram Bingham in 1911, was a mound where primitive life would throw shells of clams and bones Term Emeryville Shell Mound Definition excavated by Nels Nelson, and Max Uhle in 1906 Term Tutenkhamens Tut Definition King Tuts treasure, found in 1922 by? Term Alfred Kidder Definition demonstrated Arch importance of southwest, "indiana jones." Term Walter W. Taylor Definition wrote a book in 1948 called A study of Archaeology, was bad because it blamed Kidder Term Lew Binford Definition Arch should be more scientific, we should describe old human behavior not just artifacts, arch should be contributing to general laws of human behavior. Term Julian Steward (1902-1972) Leslie White(1900-1975) Definition cutural anthropologists, neo-evolutionists, ecologogical anthropologists, INFLUENCED an entire generation of American archaologists Term New Archaeology Definition processual archaeology, cultural ecologists, "(man's) extrasomatic means of adaption."man changes because his surroundings change Term Hawkes (1954) Definition ladder of influence, technology is more knowable than society and ideology/beliefs Term prime mover hypothesis Definition the reason people migrate is because one driving force that changes everything, ex. food or weather Term radiocarbon dating Definition mid 1940's, c14 dating, contributed to "new" archaeology. Term Bruce Trigger (1989) Definition GI bill made it so middle class could have the chance to get educated and many members go to archaeology Term Processual Archaeologists Definition scientist, love data, hypothesis testing, fieldwork, materialism, labwork, team setting Term middle range theory Definition finding links between archaeological data and past behavior Term Ian Hodder Definition Ethnoarchaeological fieldwork in Kenya, created post-precessual archaeology Term ideational Definition everything of cultural significance is imbured with symbiology Term hermeneutics Definition the study of interpretation Term phenomonology Definition the intuitive experience of the past Term Neo-Marxism Definition examination of present day influences on our understanding of the past Term structualism Definition examination of cultures underlying system of meaning Term post modernism Definition post processualism, structuralism, hermeneutics, phenomonology, neo marxism Term preservation factors Definition material, oxygen, temperature, erosional environment, moisture, constant temp, acidity, climate Term better than treasure? Definition sites where we can learn something from, peoples surroundings Term clovis culture Definition arrowheads? Term stratigraphic superposition Definition the vertical sequence of strata reflect the order of deposition with younger strata above older strata Term stratigraphy Definition cake layers of the earth Term deposition Definition stuff building up over time, burying materials Term strategraphic dating Definition main technique used in homoinid origins research. potassium argon dating. Term principle of association Definition the deposition of an artifact found in a given strata must date to the deposition of the strata Term rift valley Definition homonid fossils, our ancestors lived there, their fossilized bones have been preserved, but now exposed Term Oldivai Definition first stone tool, 2.3 million yrs old, east africa Term Gordon Child Definition development of agriculture, 20th century, materialist Term two kinds of dating Definition relative, and absolute Term relative dating Definition indirect evidence indicates an age or age range, stratigraphic position Term absolute dating Definition direct evidence of the age, a coin with a year on it, radio carbon dating, manuscripts, tree ring dating, Term Carbon 14 dating Definition it takes 5730 years for 1/2 the carbon to be gone and 11460 years for 3/4 to be gone Term antiquarianism Definition the study of past antiques that tell a story of the past Term pseudoarchaeology Definition the interpretation of material remains and sites using methodology that is not part of the established scientific method. Term neanderthals Definition a species of the Homo genus that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia Term ethnocentrism Definition the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture, kinda racist Term james hutton Definition made uniformitarianism, and interested in geology Term walter taylor Definition Conjunctive archaeology-a method of studying of the past combining elements of both the traditional archaeology of the period and the allied field of anthropology Term lucy Definition first Australopithecus afarensis skeleton ever discovered.the last ancestor common to humans and chimpanzees living from 3.9 to 3 million years ago Term survival of the fittest Definition relating to free market economics before it was a natural selection term Term cultural relativism Definition the principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities should be interpreted in terms of his or her own culture Term cultural evolutionism Definition the evolution of technology is realted to culture Term mentre Definition while Term oggi pomeriggio Definition this afternoon Term something Definition qualcosa Term quando Definition when Term avere voglia di Definition to feel like (doing or having something) Term che cosa fai di bello? Definition what are you up to? Term a chi? con chi?  Definition to whom? with whom? Term to have a snack Definition fare uno spuntino Term nothing special Definition niente di speciale Term passo da te Definition i'll come by your house Term near Definition vicino Term we are hungry and she is thirsty Definition noi abbiamo fame e lei ha sette Term i dont feel like watching tv Definition io non ho voglia di quadare la televisione Term gare care iare irregular endings  Definition in nosotros and tu form example pagare tu paghi noi paghiamo giocare tu giochi noi giochiamo Term Definition Term who died last night?   Definition chi ha morto ieri sera? Term we became nervous an hour ago Definition noi abbiamo diventati un'ora fa Term she was born on july first Definition lei ha nato il primo luglio Term today is not a summer day Definition oggi non e un giorno l'estate Term she left for sicily three weeks ago Definition lei e partita per sicilia tre settimana scorsa Term she closed the doors and opened the windows Definition lei ha chiuso le porte e ha aperto le finestre Term Definition