Details Title: Archaeology Test Review #2 Description: Human Evolution - The New World Total Flash Cards: 42 Created: 03/04/2009 15:30:52		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Archaeology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Primitive Hominins: Four Species Definition 1.) Orrorin tugenisis 2.) Ardipithecus ramidus 3.) Australopithecus anamenis 4.) Australopithecus afarensis Term Later Hominins Robust Definition (Specialized) 1.) A. aithiopicus 2.) A. boisei 3.) A. robustus Term Later Hominins Gracile Definition (Less Specialized) 1.) A. africanus 2.) A. garhi - likely to be 1st to use stone tools Term Ist Homo to develop Acheulean Industry Definition Homo erectus Term Best Known Archaic Humans and Stone Tool Industry Associated With Definition Neanderthals- Mousterian Term When do modern humans first appear? Definition 100-90kya Term When do non-modern humans disappear? Definition 28kya Term What is the Paleolithic? Definition Archaeological period, 2.5mya-10kya, "the old stone age," lasts until the invention of agriculture Term Paleolithic divisions? Definition 1.) Upper- 2.5mya to 120kya, Oldawon(2.5mya-250kya) Acheulean(1.7mya-120kya) 2.) Middle- 300kya to 30kya Mousterian 3.) Upper- 40kya to 10kya Aurgancian Term Who was first to make the Oldowan tools? Definition A. garhi Term What is the characteristic artifact of the Acheulean Industry? Definition Acheulean Hand Ax, 1st made by Homo erectus Term Difference between early and late Acheulean? Definition Soft hammer precision Term What is the Levallois technique? Definition Prepared core technology used during the Middle Paleolithic, recognized by tortoise shaped cores Term What is the Mousterian? Definition Stone tool technology used during the Middle Paleolithic, associated with Neanderthals Term Which two archaeologists are at the center of the "Mousterian Debate?" Definition 1.) Francois Bordes -5 assemblage types, dif groups w/ same problem w/ dif strategies 2.) Lewis Binford -same group w/ dif problems w/ dif strategies Term What is the first true Upper Paleolithic industry in Europe? Definition The Auragnacian Industry Term What is the Mesolithic? Definition Period of the earliest modern humans in Africa. No agriculture. 300kya-40kya Term When was Australia colonized? Definition Between 50kya and 60kya. Nauwalabila I Term What is the Pleistocene? Definition 2mya-11kya, Ice Age Term What are the megafauna? What happened to them? Definition Large animals during the Pleistocene. They became extinct with the end of the Pleistocene because of increased seasonality. Term What is Sinodonty? Definition Dental pattern found in modern Native Americans and modern North East Asians. (Christy Turner) (Shoveled teeth) Term What is Beringia? Definition Land bridge that connected Asia and North American during times of low sea level. Term What is Monte Verde? Definition Earliest known pre-clovis site in the Americas. Found in Chile. Dates to 15kya. Term What is Meadowcroft Rockshelter? Definition Pre-clovis site in Pennsylvania dated to 23kya-15kya. Term What is Olsen-Chubbock? Definition Kill-site in Colorado, continuous bed of bison bones. Term What does radiation refer to? Definition Biological term for a period when there is a rapid increase in the number of species in a single lineage. Term What fossil species was proven to be a fraud? Definition Piltdown man & Kama Takamori Term What is the name for the earliest stone tool tradition? Definition Oldawon Term By what method can volcanic ash be dated? Definition Argon Dating Term What is the first hominin species outside of Africa? Definition Homo erectus Term What does phylogeny mean? Definition evolutionary history of a species Term What is mDNA? Definition dont know Term What is the Pleistocene? Definition Geological era that began 1.8mya and is characterized by the frequent build up and retreat of continental ice sheets. (The Ice Age) Term What are the theories for the evolution of Neanderthals? Definition 1.) Neanderthals and modern humans evolved separately from populations of Homo erectus. 2.) The common ancestor of modern humans and Neanderthals was a distinct species that itself evolved from Homo erectus. 3.) Neanderthals and modern humans did not evolve in isolation; rather, there was a constant exchange of genetic material Term Evidence for controlled fires comes from what sites? Definition Kebara, Chesowanja Term What does the recovery of a hyoid bone from Kebara suggest? Definition Ability of speech Term Which cultural period is associated with Neanderthals? Definition The Mousterian Term What is the Levallois? Definition Prepared-core technology used during the Middle Paleolithic, recognized by tortoise-shaped cores. Term What are the features that distinguish Neanderthals from modern humans? Definition DNA, Skull structure, etc Term What is Chauvet? Definition Site with the earliest known cave paintings in France. Term What is the Nenana culture? Definition Earliest culture in Beringia, 14-12,800kya Term What is the Kennewick man? Definition Skeleton fossil found in Washington. Subject of ownership debate.