Term
| What does British debt lead directly to in the colonies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the writs of assistance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is significant about admiralty courts? |
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Definition
| No jury, English judges only |
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Term
| What are the three main ideas of John Locke's Two Treatises of Civil Government (1688)? |
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Definition
| 1. contract theory of the state 2. "natural rights" of life and liberty 3. right of revolution |
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Term
| What is another name for the Commonwealthmen? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Rejection of monarchy and aristocracy in favor of a government representative of and responsible to the people |
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Term
| What was the Proclamation of 1763? |
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Definition
| Forbade colonists to settle beyond Appalachians to avoid conflicts with the Indians |
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Term
| What was the most effective form of protest of the taxations placed upon the colonies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the primary purpose of the Stamp Act? |
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Definition
| To raise revenue to support British troops in America |
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Term
| What did the Navigation Acts say? |
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Definition
| Taxed imports to colonies from outside the British empire |
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Term
| What did the Sugar Act say? |
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Definition
| taxed goods imported from Britain/ Empire as well |
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Term
| What did the Declaratory Act say? |
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Definition
| Parliament declares its sovereignty over the colonies "in all cases whatsoever" |
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Term
| What was the general cause of the French and Indian War? |
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Definition
| debate over whether Britain or France was going to control North America |
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Term
| What was the specific cause of the French and Indian war? |
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Definition
| Which will control the Ohio valley? |
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Term
| Why is William Pitt becoming Prime Minister one of the reasons for British victory? |
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Definition
| He had a new strategy: concentrate on Canada (rather than the West Indies); appoint younger commanders (this is important because they are willing to adjust tactics) |
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Term
| What were the benefits of mercantilism? |
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Definition
| Cash bounties; guaranteed market; privilege of trading with other colonies within the Empire; support of the potent British navy and the disciplined British army |
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Term
| What are the two most important American strengths? |
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Definition
| fighting for homes and freedom; received military aid and financial aid from foreign countries |
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Term
| What were the two most important British weaknesses? |
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Definition
| Unable to devote complete effort to the fighting in America because England was also at war with France, Spain, and the Netherlands; Separated from the battlefronts by 3,000 miles of ocean-reinforcements and war orders took months to reach America |
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Term
| What is significant about the Treaty of Paris? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the Treaty of Paris say? |
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Definition
| Am. independence recognized by Britain; generous borders for US; Newfoundland fishing rights; Florida back to Spain; Britain agrees to abandon forts in West; US says it will not hinder payment of pre-war debts and return of Loyalist property |
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Term
| What were the Religious Social Results of the American Revolution? |
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Definition
| Birth of the idea of "separation of church and state;" end of established churches (except in New England) |
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Term
| What were the social changes that occurred in Women's status due to the American Revolution? |
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Definition
| Abigail Adams- "remember the ladies;" establishes precedent for future women's rights movement |
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Term
| What were the social results of the American Revolution in terms of slavery? |
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Definition
| it was abolished throughout North |
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Term
| What were the 2 major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? |
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Definition
| No power to levy or collect taxes; no power to regulate interstate or foreign commerce |
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Term
| What did the Northwest ordinance do? |
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Definition
| Defined the process by which territory could become state |
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Term
| What does James Madison come to Pennsylvania with? |
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Definition
| a plan for new government |
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Term
| why did the Anti-federalists think that the constitution was illegal? |
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Definition
| Because it exceeded their authority |
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Term
| What were the 3 great compromises of the Constitution? |
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Definition
| Representation in congress; slavery; commerce (no tax on exports/tariffs ok) |
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Term
| What conventional wisdom of the 18th century does the Federalist Papers challenge? |
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Definition
| That a republic government could be supported only in a small country |
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Term
| What is the only part of the federal government directly elected by the people? |
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Definition
| The House of Representatives |
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Term
| Who elects the President? |
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Definition
| An electoral college chosen by the state legislatures |
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Term
| What is significant about Patrick Henry? |
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Definition
| cried out before the VA assembly, "Give me liberty or give me death" |
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Term
| What is significant about Richard Henry Lee? |
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Definition
| at the PA Congress, moved that the Colonies ought to be independent states |
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Term
| What is significant about Crispus Atticus? |
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Definition
| "mulatto"-one of the first to die at the Boston Massacre |
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Term
| What is significant about James Madison? |
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Definition
| called the "Father of the Constitution" |
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Term
| What is significant about Ethan Allen? |
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Definition
| with Benedict Arnold, captured Ticonderoga and Crown Point; upper New York |
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Term
| What is significant about Daniel Shays? |
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Definition
| led an abortive revolt against the government of MA |
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Term
| What is significant about Thomas Paine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is significant about Gouvenour Morris? |
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Definition
| delegate to Constitutional Convention from PA who spoke more than any other member |
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Term
| What is significant about Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay? |
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Definition
| peace commission; made separate peace with England |
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Term
| What is significant about John Hancock? |
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Definition
| president of Continental Congress; wealthy New England merchant |
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Term
| What is significant about Samuel Adams? |
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Definition
| agitator of the Revolution; organizer of the Boston Tea Party |
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Term
| What is significant about Alexander Hamilton? |
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Definition
| ultra conservative New Yorker, favored strong central government; helped write The Federalist Papers |
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Term
| What is significant about George Washington? |
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Definition
| defeated the British at Trenton and Princeton |
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Term
| What is significant about John Burgoyne? |
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Definition
| British general that led expedition to invade New York by way of Canada |
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Term
| What is significant about Thomas Jefferson? |
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Definition
| favored a loose confederation of states; earlier wrote most of Declaration of Independence |
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Term
| What is significant about Lord Cornwallis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is significant about John Paul Jones? |
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Definition
| navy captain who destroyed much of British merchant ships |
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Term
| What is significant about Sit William Howe? |
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Definition
| British general who allowed Washington to escape after the battle at Long Island; stayed in PA instead of helping Burgoyne |
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Term
| What is significant about George Rogers Clark? |
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Definition
| frontiersman who captured British forts north of the Ohio River |
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Term
| What is significant about James Otis? |
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Definition
| attorney for the MA merchants who protested the British search of colonial ships that were trading with the enemy (Canada and West Indies) during French and Indian War; persuaded MA legislature to call an intercolonial congress (Stamp Act Congress, 1765) for action against the Stamp Tax |
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Term
| What is significant about Nathan Hale? |
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Definition
| officer in CT militia who was disguised as a schoolteacher to carry papers to G. Washington about British dispositions, British caught him in Manhattan, NY and hanged him; he said he regretted he had but one life to give for his country |
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Term
| What is significant about Thomas Hutchinson? |
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Definition
| Hated Tory governor of MA; fled to England after Rev. War |
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Term
| What is significant about Gen. Edward Braddock? |
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Definition
| commander of Br. army in america; lost battle for Ft. Duquesne; the road he had cut from Ft. Cumberland to the Ohio River made later migration to Ohio easier |
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Term
| What is significant about William Pitt? |
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Definition
| English Prime Minister 1756-1763; understood Am. colonies; developed a requisition plan to get colonies to help provide for their own defense in Fr. and Indian War; opposed Stamp Act and later Intolerable Acts |
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Term
| What is significant about Sit William Johnson? |
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Definition
| made treaty of peace with Indians in 1766 ending Pontiac's attack on Br. military outposts on frontier; supported creating a new colony (Vandalia) in WVA and KY but Revolutionary War started |
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Term
| What is significant about John Trumbull? |
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Definition
| one of the "Hartford Wits"; extremely conservative point of view; the Anerchiad poem against the debtor-minded govt. of RI which printed paper money in profusion |
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Term
| What is significant about Daniel Boone? |
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Definition
| In 1775, cleared the "Wilderness Road" from NC to KY to begin a settlement |
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Term
| What is significant about Joel Dickenson? |
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Definition
| PA lawyer; reacted to "external" duties of Townshend Acts in Letters of a PA Farmer with argument that external taxation was legal only when designed to regulate trade, not raise a revenue |
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Term
| What is significant about Joseph Galloway? |
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Definition
| PA delegate to 1st Cont. Congress, 1774; proposed a compromise plan of govt. (delegates from all colonies, president-general appointed by Br. crown who had veto power); failed by one vote |
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Term
| What is significant about Robert Morris? |
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Definition
| borrowed heavily upon his own personal credit to pay soldiers in G. Washington's army |
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Term
| What is significant about Elbridge Gerry? |
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Definition
| MA delegate to Constitutional Conv; said evils from which country suffered were due to an "excess of democracy"; feared West would have too many representatives in House and so drag the east coast wealth to the West |
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Term
| What is significant about Edmund Randolph? |
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Definition
| VA delegate to Constitutional Conv.;presented the VA plan (two houses, lower by population; upper chosen by lower; both houses choose pres. and judges; could veto state laws); opposed by small states |
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Term
| What is significant about William Paterson? |
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Definition
| NJ delegate to Constitutional Conv.; proposed NJ plan (every state have equal vote in govt.) plan set aside |
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Term
| What is significant about John Lansing? |
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Definition
| NY delegate to Constitutional Conv.; later withdrew on grounds that the Convention had exceeded its authority |
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Term
| What is significant about Charles C. Pinckney? |
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Definition
| SC delegate to the Constitutional Conv. |
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Term
| What is significant about Rufus King? |
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Definition
| MA delegate to the Constitutional Convention |
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Term
| What is significant about Roger Sherman? |
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Definition
| CT shoemaker-politician with a clear head; on the committee to write the Declaration of Independence; delegate to Constitutional Conv.; represented commercial interests of CT; wary of democracy |
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Term
| What is significant about Anthony Wayne? |
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Definition
| "mad"; in Rev. War defended Philadelphia in G. Washington's army but Br. attacked with bayonets, 300 killed; later he stormed the Br. fort at Stony Point on the Hudson |
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Term
| What is significant about George Clinton? |
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Definition
| Signed Dec. of Ind. for NY; governor of NY; leading anti-federalist because he was a large landowner and feared the effect of import duties; wrote under pen name of Cato |
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Term
| What is significant about Charles Beard? |
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Definition
| historian who wrote An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution arguing that the men who wrote the Constitution did so to protect their economic interests |
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Term
| What was the main way that the US financed the American Revolution? |
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Definition
| loans & grants from the French and Dutch |
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