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| American social reformer, orator, writer and statesman. After escaping from slavery, he became a leader of the abolitionist movement, gaining note for his dazzling oratory[4] and incisive antislavery writing. He stood as a living counter-example to slaveholders' arguments that slaves did not have the intellectual capacity to function as independent American citizens. |
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| American slave who led a slave rebellion in Virginia on August 21, 1831 that resulted in 60 white deaths and at least 100 black deaths,[2] the largest number of fatalities to occur in one uprising prior to the American Civil War in the southern United States |
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| prominent American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer. He is best known as the editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, and as one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society, he promoted "immediate emancipation" of slaves in the United States. |
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| American abolitionist and author. Her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) was a depiction of life for African-Americans under slavery |
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| American Anti-Slavery Society |
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| abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan. Frederick Douglass was a key leader of this society and often spoke at its meetings |
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| African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist; After going to court to recover her son, she became the first black woman to win such a case against a white man |
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| African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the American Civil War. After escaping from slavery, into which she was born, she made thirteen missions to rescue more than 70 slaves using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad |
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| 12th Governor of New York, United States Senator and the United States Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. A determined opponent of the spread of slavery in the years leading up to the American Civil War, he was a dominant figure in the Republican Party in its formative years, and was widely regarded as the leading contender for the party's presidential nomination in 1860 |
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| package of five bills, passed in September 1850, which defused a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War (1846–1848). Included Fugitive Slave Act |
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| the 13th President of the United States (1850–1853) and the last member of the Whig Party to hold the office of president; opposed the proposal to keep slavery out of the territories annexed during the Mexican–American War (to appease the South), and so supported the Compromise of 1850, which he signed, including the Fugitive Slave Act ("Bloodhound Law") which was part of the compromise |
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| 14th President of the United States; Doughface; came out in favor of the Kansas–Nebraska Act, replacing the Missouri Compromise |
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| a document written in 1854 that described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain and implied the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused. |
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| an American politician from the western state of Illinois, and was the Northern Democratic Party nominee for President in 1860; He was largely responsible for the Compromise of 1850 that apparently settled slavery issues. However, in 1854 he reopened the slavery question by the highly controversial Kansas-Nebraska Act, that allowed the people of the new territories to decide for themselves whether or not to have slavery (which is known as "popular sovereignty"). |
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| opened new lands for settlement, and had the effect of repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820 by allowing settlers in those territories to determine through Popular Sovereignty if they would allow slavery within each territory. |
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| the declining international economy and over-expansion of the domestic economy. world's first world-wide economic crisis. |
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| an American revolutionary abolitionist, who in the 1850s advocated and practiced armed insurrection as a means to abolish slavery in the United States. He led the Pottawatomie Massacre during which five men were killed, in 1856 in Bleeding Kansas, and made his name in the unsuccessful raid at Harpers Ferry in 1859. |
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| Attack of a leader of the Radical Republicans that angered the north and rallied the south together |
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| an American military officer, explorer, and the first candidate of the anti-slavery Republican Party for the office of President of the United States, sometimes called The Great Pathfinder. |
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| an African-American slave in the United States who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom and that of his wife and their two daughters |
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| a series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate for Senate in Illinois, and the incumbent Senator Stephen Douglas, the Democratic Party candidate. The main issue discussed in all seven debates was slavery. |
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| the second of four proposed constitutions for the state of Kansas, This new constitution enshrined slavery in the proposed state and protected the rights of slaveholders. In addition, the constitution provided for a referendum that allowed voters the choice of allowing more slaves to enter the territory. |
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| aimed to resolve the U.S. secession crisis of 1860–1861 by addressing the grievances that led the slave states of the United States to contemplate secession from the United States. Failed. |
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| radical abolitionist John Brown led a group of 21 men in a raid on the arsenal. Brown attacked and captured several buildings; he hoped to use the captured weapons to initiate a slave uprising throughout the South. |
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| a protective tariff in the United States, adopted on March 2, 1861 during the administration of President James Buchanan. raised rates to protect and encourage industry and the high wages of industrial workers. |
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| Interception of Confederate diplomats on their way to press the case of a British alliance; rallied Union against GB |
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| an American statesman and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War, serving as President for its entire history. |
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| Confederate general during the American Civil War, and one of the best-known Confederate commanders after General Robert E. Lee. one of the most gifted tactical commanders in the nation's history. |
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| commanded the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War. His abilities as a tactician have been praised by many military historians. His strategic vision was more doubtful, and both of his invasions of the North ended in defeat. |
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| a vocal group of Democrats in the Northern United States who opposed the American Civil War, wanting an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates. |
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| a major general during the American Civil War. He organized the famous Army of the Potomac and served briefly (November 1861 to March 1862) as the general-in-chief of the Union Army. Fired by Lincoln multiple times |
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| the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with about 23,000 casualties. Considered turning point of war in union's favor |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| Outlawed Slavery in the South; largely ignored but allowed slaves to leave plantations and join the union effort |
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| a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War, received recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the "scorched earth" policies that he implemented in conducting total war against the Confederate States. |
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| the 17th President of the United States. his reconstruction policies failed to promote the rights of the Freedmen, and he came under vigorous political attack from Republicans, ending in his impeachment by the U.S. House of Representatives, though it failed in the U.S. Senate. |
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| laws put in place in the United States after the Civil War with the effect of limiting the basic human rights and civil liberties of blacks. |
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| one of the most powerful members of the United States House of Representatives, wrote much of the financial legislation that paid for the American Civil War. |
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| founded in 1865 in Pulaski, Tennessee, as a terrorist organization by veterans of the Confederate Army. |
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| the acquisition of the Alaska territory by the United States from Russia in 1867 by a treaty ratified by the Senate. |
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| a United States Supreme Court case that ruled that the application of military tribunals to citizens when civilian courts are still operating is unconstitutional. It was also controversial because it was one of the first cases after the end of the American Civil War. |
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| a U.S. federal government agency that aided distressed freed slaves in 1865–1869, during the Reconstruction era of the United States. |
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| made re-admittance to the Union for former Confederate states contingent on a majority in each Southern state to take the Ironclad oath to the effect they had never in the past supported the Confederacy. The bill passed both houses of Congress on July 2, 1864, but was pocket vetoed by Lincoln and never took effect. |
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| a pejorative term Southerners gave to Northerners who moved to the South during the Reconstruction era, between 1865 and 1877. |
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| a derogatory nickname for southern whites who supported Reconstruction following the Civil War. |
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