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Italian explorer; spent many years in China or near it; his return to Europe in 1295 sparked a European interest in finding a quicker route to Asia. |
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New World conqueror; Spanish conqueror who crushed the Inca civilization in Peru; took gold, silver and enslaved the Incas in 1532. CONQUERED INCAS |
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king and queen of spain-sent colombus |
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CONQUISTADOR-1513, 1521- looked for fountain of youth in florida and secured florida for spain, though killed by native american arrow |
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| traveled across mississippi river, mistreated indians, died of fever |
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aztec chief-thought cortez and spanish were gods, treated them hospitably, later there was warfare. |
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italian-sailed in 1492, didnt find new world, but is credited with it |
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conquistador- went from mexico to arizona for Seven Cities of Gold-found Adobe pueblos |
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| pope made this for spain and portugal |
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| mix between spanish and indians |
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| spainish fortress in florida, oldest continually inhabited settlement in US |
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after middle ages, age of rebirth of culture in europe where art and science advanced---america discovered during this era. |
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1st shape of north america-10 million yrs ago, 1st part to come to sea level=NE corner |
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lived in Ohio River Valley and Mississippi culture, corn planted, 1st millenium AD village, fell to decline by 1300 |
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King Philip II of Spain sent ships to invade England-1588-was defeated by england |
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idea that spanish only destroyed indians and culture and didnt help them--to say spain was worse than england |
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| shaped indians culture-hunted with these after spain introduced them |
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| technique where gov't gave colonists natives to christianize |
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| lived in mexico-conquered by cortez |
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| lived in SW US--built adobe houses |
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developed to gather savings from middle class to support colonies ex-virginia company |
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| the influence europe and new world indians had on each other through culture, etc |
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1610-came to america and brought war to indians in Jamestown-brought irish tactics--began 4 yr anglo-powhatan war |
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daughter of chief powahatan, married john rolfe, saved john smith from getting killed by her people |
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| chief, father of pocahantas, on good terms with john smith and john rolfe until lord de la warr declared war on them |
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| married pocahantas, perfected tobacco planting |
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| founded maryland for catholics so they didnt have to be persecuted |
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in charge of english colony in North Carolina-disappeared, known as LOST COLONY |
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| Englishman-overthrew King Charles I in 1646- ruled democratically-uprising drew eng attention away from jamestown |
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founded georgia for people in debt and kept it afloat alone |
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came to jamestown and made people work for food |
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unified country under a ruler with common goals--like a utopia |
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farming livestock instead of crops, putting tons of people out of work |
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first representative assembly in the New World. self-gov't made by virginia--london co. authorized it--king james I distrusted it |
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2 of them-- between indians and jamestown 1st ended with a peace treaty |
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types of colonial charters... 1. direct rule of colony by monarch 2. run by someone chosen by monarch 3. run by joint-stock co. |
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types of colonial charters... 1.royal 2.proprietary 3.joint-stock |
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owners could now punish slaves however they saw fit--laws for slave-owning |
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| middle class farmer who owned his own land and farmed it himself |
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1609-1610-1st winter of english colonists 60 of 400 survived |
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| people who came to lands where they did not have authority to be |
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| law that 1st born son gets father's land |
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| people work for land--give themselves to work for 8 yrs |
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A legal document that allowed all Christian religions in Maryland |
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A joint-stock company founded jamestown |
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nearly a military power consisting of many indian tribes founded in the late 1500s--during american revolution, mostly sided with british and had to move to canada later when brits=defeated |
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| royal supporter of King Charles I |
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| reformed catholicism--believed everyone was predestined to either heaven or hell |
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challenged MA's religion and politics--believed christians were not bound by moral law--banished to RI where indians killed her and 13 of her children |
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| banished from the Massachussetts Bay Colony for challenging Puritan ideas. He later established Rhode Island and helped it to foster religious toleration. |
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| Discovered what today is known as the Hudson River. Englishman who Sailed for the Dutch. He was looking for a northwest passage through North America. |
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| pilgrim that lived in a north colony called Plymouth Rock in 1620. He was chosen governor 30 times. |
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| governor of New netherlands, lost it to ENG |
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| Boston Puritan, brought a group of fellow Boston Puritans to newly founded Hartford, Conneticutt. |
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| English Quaker;"Holy Experiment"; persecuted because he was a Quaker; 1681 he got a grant to go over to the New World; area was Pennsylvania; |
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| immigrated from the Mass. Bay Colony in the 1630's to become the first governor and to led a religious experiment. He once said, "we shall be a city on a hill." |
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king of Spain during 1588. During this year he sent out his Spainish Armada against England. He lost the invasion of England. leader against the Protestant Reformation. |
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Head of the Dominion of New England in 1686, militaristic, disliked by the colonists because of his affiliation with the Church of England, changed many colonial laws and traditions without the consent of the representatives, tried to flee America after England's Glorious Revolution, but was caught and shipped to England
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| those predestined to go to heaven |
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| ships delivered 1,000 passengers migrating from England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony |
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| the great "puritan" migration |
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| vast Dutch fuedal estates fronting the Hudson River in the early 1600's. They were granted to promoters who agreed to settle fifty people on them. |
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| god decided who to heaven/hell at birth |
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| colonial period; term used to describe indentured servants who had finished their terms of indenture and could live freely on their own land. |
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| binding agreement made by the Puritans whose doctrine said the whole purpose of the government was to enforce God's laws. This applied to believers and non-believers. |
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| 1692-when people in MA were getting put on trial and often killed for commiting witchcraft |
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| religious revolution, during the 16th century. It ended the supremacy of the Catholic Church and resulted in the establishment of the Protestant Churches. Martin Luther and John Calvin were influenial in ________ |
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| Separatists; worried by "Dutchification" of their children they left Holland on the Mayflower in 1620; they landed in Massachetts; they proved that people could live in the new world |
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| puritans in MA Bay colony made these laws to control congregationalists |
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Union of four colonies consisting of the two Massachusetts colonies (The Bay colony and Plymouth colony) and the two Connecticut colonies (New Haven and scattered valley settlements) in 1643. The purpose of the confederation was to defend against enemies such as the Indians, French, Dutch, and prevent intercolonial problems that effected all four colonies. |
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One of the 1st settlements in New England ; established in 1630 became a major Puritan colony. originally where Boston is located. major trading center, absorbed the Plymouth community pilgrims started it |
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| In 1686, New England, in conjunction with New York and New Jersey, consolidated under the royal authority -- James II. Charters and self rule were revoked, and the king enforced mercantile laws. The new setup also made for more efficient administration of English Navigation Laws, as well as a better defense system. _________ ended in 1688 when James II was removed from the throne. |
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| restricted the colonies;They couldn't trade with other countries.The colonies were only allowed to trade with England. |
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group of religious reformists who wanted to "purify" the Anglican Church. Their ideas started with John Calvin |
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| Puritan representative assembly elected by the freemen; they assisted the governor; this was the early form of Puritan democracy in the 1600's |
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| Pilgrims that started out in Holland in the 1620's who traveled over the Atlantic Ocean on the Mayflower. These were the purest, most extreme Pilgrims existing, claiming that they were too strong to be discouraged by minor problems as others were. |
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Members of the Religious Society of Friends They believe in equailty of all peoples resist the military. religious authority is the decision of the individual (no outside influence.) Settled in Pennsylvania. |
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| mid 1600's; a commitment made by the Puritans in which they seriously dwelled on working and persuing worldly affairs. |
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laws made by pilgrims on mayflower said majority ruled |
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In 1639 the Connecticut River colony settlers had an open meeting and made this Democratic government. first constitution in the colonies |
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| fundamental orders of conneticut |
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british governor of Virginia 1642-52 showed he had favorites in 2nd term which led to BACON'S REBELLION in 1676 he ruthlessly surpressed bacon's rebellion had poor frontier defense |
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| anyone who paid for themselves or for an immigrant got 50 acres of land each |
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types of sermons to attract 2nd-generation settlers in 1600s focused on teachings of Jeremiah, who focused on doom |
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slave trade journey across dangerous Atlantic Ocean |
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1676- a man led a rebellion against people who were friendly towards the natives torched Jamestown, VA to ground was murdered by indians. |
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1689-1691- in NYC- rebellion between landholders and merchants |
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1662- puritan church document-allowed partial membership rights to people not yet converted to puritan church lessened difference between elect and others woman came |
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| women and 1 man were being accused of being witches and put on trial--hung, burned, stoned to death |
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merchant planters- owned tons of slaves large estates dominate political power |
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american theologian and congregational clergyman sermons stirred religious revival, The Great Awakening known for "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" sermon |
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self-taught math, history, science, english, & 5 other languages owned successful printing and publishing co. in Philly experimented with electricity invented bifocal glasses lightning rod stove VIP diplomat and statesman signed Declaration of Independence and constitution |
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french settler in 1770s ?ed what "american" really is because mixture is so great |
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| michel-guillaume de crevecour |
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1783- during Great Awakening preacher who preached of love and forgiveness with his own style was once alehouse attendant missionary work converting indians and african americans lessened the importance of the old clergy |
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laid foundation for freedom of press in america protested local governor found innocent |
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slave girl who was brought to boston at age 8 and england at 20, published a book of poetry |
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famous revolutionary era painter loyal to ENG during Revolution had to go back to Eng for $ and subjects to paint |
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group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian hills wanted protection from Indian attacks formed armed march on Philly in 1764 because Quakers treated Indians too leiniently started Regulator Movement in North Carolina |
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religious revival in 1730s-1740s to modivate colonial america and bring americans together |
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leftover remains of indian tribes that joined together in late 1700s in southern Piedmont region forced migration made indians join this group |
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1760s- western North Carolianians-mainly Scots-Irish- resented way East dominated political affairs believed tax money was unevenly distributed many joined American Revolutionists |
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early 1700s old lights-orthodox members of clergy who didnt believe in Great Awakening new lights-clergy who believed strongly in Great Awakening changed denominations helped missionary work popularize founded Ivy League Schools |
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small, profitable trading route of slaves from africa to new england to west indies used during 1750s |
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british law passed in 1773 to change trade pattern in american colonies taxed molasses into colonies not ruled by britain americans bribed and smuggled led to Revolution |
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group of restless people who fled scotland in 1600s to escape poverty and religious persecution went to ireland then america opened presbyterian churches in VA, carolinas, and Georgia |
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