Term
| Who was the first president born beyond the Appalachians? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did frontier life suck for women? men? in general? |
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Definition
women: left alone in tiny cabins
men: fierce, deathly fighting
everyone: disease, depression, death were abundant |
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Term
Famous authors during the frontier age?
Why so? |
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Definition
Emerson (esp. Self Reliance)
James Fenimore Cooper
Natty Bumppo
Herman Melville
Represented "rugged individualism" |
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Term
| Define: Kentucky bluegrass |
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Definition
| -when cane was burned off, ideal livestock food (Kentucky bluegrass) formed |
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Term
| What was the empire-building system for fur trappers called? Explain in more detail? |
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Definition
| rendezvous system - manufacturers came out, waited for trappers, traded goods |
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Term
| What were two animals that fur trappers caught that went in/out of style (as in extinct)? |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
George Catlin |
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Definition
| American painter, author who specialized in portraits of Native Americans in the Old West. |
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Term
| during the frontier period, the population doubled every ___ yrs |
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Definition
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Term
| during the frontier period, the US was the ___ most populous state |
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Definition
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Term
What was NY's nickname?
New Orleans?
Chicago? |
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Definition
metropolis
queen of the south
hog butcher for world |
|
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Term
| what did over rapid urbanization bring? |
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Definition
-smelly slums/sewage/rats/garbage
-impure water
-poor policing |
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Term
What city pioneered the sewage system?
Underground piping? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How many Irish immigrants came over during the frontier period? Germans? |
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Definition
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Term
| during the frontier period, how many European immigrants moved to the US? Not the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was America so nice for immigrants? |
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Definition
-no castes
-no established church
-low taxes
-no compulsory military service
-"three meat meals a day"
-come speedily w/ steam ships |
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Term
during the frontier period, why was there a huge influx of Irish immigrants?
Where did they go?
Who didn't like them? |
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Definition
-potato crop rotted
-cities (too poor for west)
-stuffy Protestant Bostonians |
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Term
| What was a common name for Irish kitchen maids and canal/railroad workers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does "NINA" stand for and why was it common? |
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Definition
-No Irish Need Apply
-They depressed wages |
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Term
| V/F: The Irish resented blacks, with whom they shared society's basement |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the name of the semisecret Irish society that fought corrupt landlords? |
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Definition
| Ancient Order of Hibernians |
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Term
| What was the name of the Irish miner's union from PA? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise up in American politics |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Carl Schurz |
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Definition
| Important German immigrant politician |
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Term
| What state in the midwest took many German immigrants? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Name some German contributions to society |
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Definition
| Conestoga wagon, Kentucky rifle, Christmas tree, kindergarten, bier |
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Term
| why were Germans not as politically potent? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what fueled temperance when the German immigrants came? |
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Definition
| unaffected by Sabbath, drank a lot!!! |
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Term
| Germans and Irish tended to be WHAT religion? |
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Definition
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Term
| V/F: Presbyterians made their own (expensive) school system |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the top 5 religions during the 1840s? |
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Definition
| Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Roman Catholics |
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Term
Name some societies that published xenophobic propaganda
name an example of the propaganda |
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Definition
-"order of the star-spangled banner"
-Maria Monk's "Awful Disclosure" |
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Term
| In 1844, who fought back against the nativists? |
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Definition
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Term
In 1850, a group of inventors of WHAT ethnicity perfect machines to mass produce textiles?
Why did this take so long to reach America? |
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Definition
-British
-land was so cheap, didn't want to be cooped up in factories...UNTIL influx of immigrants |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
Samuel Slater |
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Definition
-father of American factory system
-stole cotton thread spinning machine from British
-won financial support of Moses Brown |
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Term
Who invented the cotton gin?
How much more effective was it than hand picking?
V/F: This killed slavery debate |
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Definition
N-Eli Whitney
-50x
-nope. it only revitalized it |
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Term
| What river in NE helped shipping/factories? |
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Definition
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Term
Who made interchangeable gun parts?
What'd this do? |
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Definition
-Eli Whitney
-mass factory line production of firearms |
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Term
| Who made/perfected the sewing machine? (2 people) |
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Definition
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Term
How much $ did Samuel Morse get from Congress?
What was his message? |
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Definition
-$30,000
-"What Hath God Wrought?" |
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Term
| what were some examples of issues w/ child labor in factories? |
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Definition
-"whipping rooms"
-samuel slater's mill |
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Term
| V/F: the life of an adult worker improved under Jacksonian democracy |
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Definition
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Term
what were some desires of the factory workers?
which one caused the most debate? why? |
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Definition
-10 hr workday
-higher wages
-tolerable working conditions
-public education for kids
-no imprisonment for debt
-10 hr workday - lessen production, devil minds! (Van Bueren said it was okay though) |
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Term
| By 1830, there were HOW many unionists? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the case that ruled labor unions legal? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| fresh immigrants, typically, used to keep company going while people starve w/o jobs |
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Term
The factory girls...
worked __ days a week
__ hrs a day
were/were not typical? supervised? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were other opportunities that women had for self-support? |
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Definition
-nursing
-domestic servant
-teaching |
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Term
| 1 in _ families employed domestic service in the 1840s |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT LADY
Told girls to be teachers |
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Definition
|
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Term
| _% of women worked outside the home in the 1840s? Before marriage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the 1840 equivalent of republican motherhood? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| V/F: love became more of a factor in marriage in the 1840s. What did this do? |
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Definition
-yes
-made more tight-knit families |
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Term
| Did the fertility rate go up or down? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did European parents think Americans were brats? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Define: drop in fertility rate kind of empowering women |
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Definition
|
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Term
| how did the trans-Allegheny region prosper? |
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Definition
-grew tons of corn
-fed it to hogs
-"porkopolis" |
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Term
| Who invented the steel plow? |
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Definition
John Deere
(horses, not oxes pulled it) |
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Term
Who invented the mechanical mower-reaper?
What'd it do? |
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Definition
-Cyrus McCormick
-work of 5 men AND
-turned west from subsistence to cash crop, then market economy, then wanted to trade w/ NE |
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Term
What was the first major turnpike called?
How long is it? |
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Definition
Lancaster Turnpike
62 mi long |
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Term
| How much did Lancaster Turnpike stockholders receive in annual dividends? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| how long did the turnpike-building boom last? |
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Definition
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Term
Why was western road building (besides the cost) running into many obstacles?
What stopped this? |
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Definition
-states' righters didn't like fed aid for internal improvements
-National Road/Cumberland Road |
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Term
| What halted the Cumberland Road construction to 1852? |
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Definition
| war of 1812, then states' righters again |
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Term
Who invented the steamboat?
What was the first one called? What did posterity call it? |
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Definition
-Robert Fulton
-Fulton's Folly
-Clermont |
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Term
| What is the name of the infamous steamboat that killed passengers in 1865? |
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Definition
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Term
Why did NY have to build the Erie Canal?
What does it do? (Geography)
-who was the leader of the project? |
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Definition
-states' righters cut off federal aid
-link great lakes w/ Hudson, cut shipping cost ($100-->$5)
-Governor DeWitt Clinton ("Clinton's Big Ditch") |
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Term
| What were the adverse effects of the Erie Canal? |
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Definition
| some couldn't compete w/ NY prices |
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Term
| When was the first railroad built? |
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Definition
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Term
| By 1860, how many miles of railroad track existed? |
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Definition
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Term
Why didn't some people like railroads at first?
What were some difficulties about them? |
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Definition
-people trying to protect steamboat investment
-sparks could set fire to nearby haystacks
-feeble brakes
-arrivals/departures=conjectural
-gauge differences=many train changes
-(were fixed) |
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Term
| define: Pullman "sleeping palace" |
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Definition
| trains that you could sleep in (not so many train changes w/ less gauge difference) |
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Term
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Definition
| stretched a cable from Newfoundland to Ireland |
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Term
| Name a pioneer American steamship that was pursued by a British captain |
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Definition
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Term
| Name a Yankee naval yard that made clipper ships |
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Definition
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Term
| V/F: the clipper boats sacrificed speed for space |
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Definition
|
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Term
| why did clippers die out? |
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Definition
| iron tramp steamers ("teakettles") of British |
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Term
| What story (by who???) immortalized the Far West's period of THIS type of transportation??? |
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Definition
Mark Twain's "Roughing It"
horse-drawn overland stagecoaches |
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Term
THIS mail service could get from St. Joseph, MO to Sacramento, CA in 10 days
How long did it last? |
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Definition
the Pony Express
18 months |
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Term
| Why did the Pony Express die out? |
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Definition
| Samuel Morse's clacking keys |
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Term
| v/f: the transportation revolution eased traffic on the Mississippi |
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Definition
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Term
| What was each region's niche? |
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Definition
South-->make cotton for NE and Britain
-West-->grow grain and livestock for factory workers in East, Europe
-East-->make textiles for South and West |
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Term
| What were some questions aroused by greater mechanization? |
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Definition
How tightly should patents protect inventions?
Should the government regulate monopolies?
Who should own the technologies and networks that make US run? |
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Term
| How did Marshall impact the Industrial Revolution? |
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Definition
-protected contract rights
-state gov'ts could not impose revocable charters
-Roger B Taney took over for him in 1835, not as much so... |
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Term
Define:
Boston Charles River Bridge v Warren Bridge |
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Definition
Charles said unconstitutionally violating original contract
Taney sided w/ Warren, saying rights of community were more important |
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Term
| v/f: states OMG gave people "limited liability" if they missed their payments once or twice |
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Definition
| falsum. it's for bankruptcy |
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Term
| Who is a the famous millionaire fur-trader worth HOW much? |
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Definition
-John Jacob Astor
-$30 million |
|
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Term
| how much (%age) did wages rise/yr from 1820-->60? |
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Definition
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