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| The three dimensions of color |
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(Based on Prang Color System)
Name of a color
i.e. red, orange, yellow, etc |
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Red
Yellow
Blue
Basis for all other hues
Cannot be physically mixed |
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Orange
Green
Violet
Mixed from equal parts of two primary hues |
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| Tertiary (intermediate) Hues |
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Blue-Green
Red-Orange
Yellow-Green
Mixture of one primary and one secondary hue
Wide range of gradations possible (doesn't have to be a 50/50 mix)
Can designate the dominant color by stating it twice
(BBG, RRO, YYG) |
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| When stating a tertiary or intermediate hue, which hue is named first? |
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Red
Orange
Yellow
Tend to advance
Emphasize size and contrours of body
Family of warm hues harmonize
Make up half the color wheel |
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Blue
Green
Violet
Tend to recede
Minimize size and controus of body
Family of cool hues harmonize
Make up half the color wheel |
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Also called "tones"
The lightness or darkness of a hue or a neutral
Many degrees of light and dark (if a neutral, from white to black)
Typically 9 steps are selected: GRAYSCALE
Every hue has a corresponding gray that is equal in value |
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When white is added to a hue
The new color is described as having a HIGHER VALUE |
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| Adding black to a hue, the new color is described as having a LOWER VALUE |
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| What are the advancing and receding qualities of values? |
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Light values advance
Dark values recede |
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| Close values used together tend to be ___________. |
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| Contrasting values tend to be more ___________. (used for emphasis) |
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Value as shown on the color wheel
Yellow, violet, etc. |
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| What is the lightest pure hue? |
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Yellow
Same value as light gray and closest to white of all pure hues |
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| What is the darkest pure hue? |
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Violet
Same value as dark gray, and closest to black of all the pure hues |
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Also called Chroma
Brightness or dullness of a hue
In color wheel, each hue is seen as its fullest intensity |
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| Can't be brightened, but can be dulled by adding another hue, white, gray, or black |
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| When do hues appear less intense? |
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Definition
When they are placed next to their neighbors on the color wheel: analogous hues
Ex. REd would appear less intensive if it's place next to red-orange or red-violet |
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| When do hues appear more intense? |
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When placed next to their opposite on the color wheel: Complimentary hues
Red will appear redder when next to green |
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Rule of color balance- concerned with the ratio of high Chroma to lower Chroma colors used in an ensemble
Essentially states that bright colors should be used in small areas and less intensive colors in large areas
Black suits can look completely different by changing the color of the brighter tie |
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Have one hue in common
Monochromatic color schemes
Analogous color schemes |
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| Monochromatic color schemes |
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Definition
use only one hue
tints and shades of one hue (and neutrals) |
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Uses "neighbors" on the color wheel
Red and red-orange and orange (all touching)
Minimum of 3 hues but can be more |
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| Contrasting Color Harmonies |
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Have no hue in common
Complimentary color schemes
Split complement color schemes
Triad Color Scheme |
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| Complementary color schemes |
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Use hues opposite each other in color wheel
Green and red, purple and yellow, blue and orange |
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| Split complement color schemes |
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| Combines a hue with the colors on either side of it's compliment (Y, BV, and RV) |
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| Uses three hues placed equidistant on the color wheel (Red, yellow, blue) |
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Divides the space (area) through which it passes
defines a shape or silhouette.. is an outline
Lead the eye in the direction it is going |
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| Every line has 8 aspects to it: |
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Path
Thickness
COntinuity
Sharpness of the Edge
Contour of Edge
Consistency
Length
Direction |
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Continuous and unbroken
or broken line (Stitched line -------------) |
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| smooth or some sort of shape to it |
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it is vertical, horizontal, or diagonal
Strongest of the 8 factors because it leads your eye and provides that movement |
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| Unenclosed area; background, "negative" space, anything seen behind or at the sides of CB |
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| Enclosed space, figure, foreground, "positive" space, flat, 2-D space enclosed by a line |
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3-D volumetric space enclosed by a surface
Hollow form
solid form |
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Has volume
Structural clothing parts/pre-shaped enclosures (to fit the body) |
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Has mass
3-D human body form is mass bounded by skin |
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| Relationships of space to shape and form |
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Space surrounds shape and form
Space provides depth proportion |
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| Space provides depth proportion |
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Definition
pushes objects forward
Creates visual levels (front to back)
(advance/recede concepts)
Within a CB:
Large areas are perceived as space/background
Small areas are perceived as shape/form/figure |
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Coice and interaction of line, shape, space, and form for the surface of apparel
created and controlled by construction and manipulative techniques
(joining, applying, folding, draping, gathering, piecing, etc) |
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| Layout relates to the body as a form which means it is 3D/2D? |
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3D
Fabric texture, hand, and weight determine possible layouts |
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| Silhouette form affects perception of body _____ and ______. |
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Definition
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| What are some examples of silhouettes? |
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Rectange- top/bottom are similar width
--If narrow, lengthens body form (appears taller)
--If wide, shortens body
Triangle-Width at top or bottom
--Width at top=downward pull (shortens body but balances hip width)
--Width at bottom=Lengthens (balances top heaviness or shoulder width) |
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| Dominant Lines emphasize _______. |
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| Add height, narrow when repeated, but may shorten and widen |
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Shorten, widen; depends on resulting proportion of shapes to each other
Equal Area-divides figure in half
Unequal Area-smaller area is focus, larger area appears long (empire waist on dress, if someone wants to look slimmer; wear dark shirt and pants, not light shirt and dark pants) |
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Add height or width
Length and angle of line determine division of space
Longer diagonal-adds height
Shorter diagonal- adds width
(attracts attention to smaller area) |
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Same effects as straight lines in same place and similar length but more subtle, softer, graceful
add roundness and greater weight |
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| Reinforcement or Countering of Body line/shape |
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Definition
A long, angular body is:
REINFORCED by similar clothing (crisp edges, dominant vertical lines)
COUNTERED by soft curved lines (trying not to look as tall or thin)-gentle fullness
Do you want to reinforce characteristics of a person's physique or do you want to counter them? |
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| Actual size is not as important as having ____________ proportions |
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| Fit is important to illusion: |
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Stiff shapes
Loose fit
Close fit
Moderate fullness |
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| Attention goes to areas of most fit or ______ |
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| Studes done that deal with negative and positive connotations: |
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Definition
Purple:
Royalty; relan; dignified
Negative: made them think of conceided; pompous
Blue:
Postitive: calming; quiet
Negative: sadness; depressed
Green:
Positive: rich;money;nature;calming;tranquil color
Negative: "green with envy"; jealousy |
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| What are the colors that have the fewest negative connotations associated with them? |
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Definition
| blue, blue-green, forest, navy, wine, and peach |
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| The arrangement of the line, space, and or shape on or within a surface; perception of motifs due to color or texture contrast |
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Motif: individual unit of a design
Design: overall pattern |
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| How can you create patterns? |
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Definition
Created during fabric construction
Applied, added to surface of fabric
Subtracted from surface of fabric |
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| Patterns created during fabric construction |
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Definition
Woven or knitted
pattern through weave, texture contrasts/floats
Pattern in fabric structure |
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| Patterns created during applied, added to surface of fabric |
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| Embroidery on a premade fabric |
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| Pattern made from subtracted from surface of fabric |
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Burnout
Bleach out dark fabric |
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| Objective analysis of pattern involves consideration of: |
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Arrangement of Motifs
Depth Perception
Size of Motifs
Spacing, Grouping of Motifs |
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All-over (same effect from any angle-polka dots)
Directional/right side up motifs(Stripes, row effects, etc.)
Border (along selvages) |
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Flat Patterns vs. Visual Effects
Flat Patterns (no depth/2D)
Visual Levels (3D depth effects-advancing/receding) |
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| Spacing, grouping of motifs |
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Simple:
Small motifs
all over
regular repeat
space between motifs
Complex:
Overlapping motifs
no repeats
no space
large motifs overwhelm space |
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| Subjective analysis of pattern involves considerations of: |
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Source of Motifs
Interpretation of motifs |
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Nature/God made
Man-Made objects
Imagination |
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animals
people
earth
sky
flowers |
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Bicycles
Toys
wheels
buildings
clocks
machines |
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non-representaiton
Geometric forms
motifs that do not fit above categories |
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Realistic:
Natural or man-made
Stylized:
Natural or man-made
Recognizable but not realistic
Abstract
Imagination |
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| Structural Design Emphasis |
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Definition
Has to do with construction details
Very complex or very simple or somewhere in between (seams, collars, pockets, etc.)
Part of any garment |
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| Applied Design or decorative design |
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| applied after garment is constructed |
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| Manipulation of fabric with beads and etc. |
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Maturity clothing
rain gear
scuba gear
exercise apparel |
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| Symmetrical or formal balance |
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Definition
| when you have a mirror image vertically |
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Body irregularities
Don't use this on body irregularities |
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not a mirror image
Not going to be the same side to side |
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Upper-lower balance
Can have UL balance or lack of
Okay to use either
Achieved above and below body landmarks |
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waist
hips
bust
chest
"top heavy" "bottom heavy" |
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Total look; total theme; everything going together
Does the CB have a total look from head to toe
Varies by person |
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body is what stands out
work out clothing that's not exciting
Simple in design and color
Dancers in very tight, body revealing clothing
Close fitting clothes |
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| Body and clothes fighting over dominance |
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don't have jeggings or tight jeans
Big winter coat
boots
body acts as clothes hangar, clothes stand out |
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Where the major part of the design radiate from a central point
Sunburst effect
Pleats, dark seams
Often found in lingerie, bodice of swimsuit, evening gowns |
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A change in character of a part
Something that changed (from bigger to smaller/gradually more spaced apart)
Changes in hue, from a tint to a shade |
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Not necessarily stripes
all one color maybe |
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don't have to find horizontal stripes
horizontal tiers in dresses
off the shoulders/broadens shoulders |
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Total diagonal line
Be careful to not mistake it for zigzag
Print
off the shoulder diagonally
Diagonal hems |
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Swim suits
stipes
The way they're posed with stripes could make it look zigzag |
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one primary
Multiple
Primary focal point on back or side of CB |
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Also called scale
Scale of fabrics
Scale of Accessories
Stripes too large for toddlers |
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