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| all living things are made of cells |
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| has a distint nucleus. most organisms have these cells. |
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no nucleus.
ex) bacteria cells |
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set of individuals that can mate and produce fertile offspring.
Estimate 4 million and 100 million. But only identified 2 million. Insects make up most of worlds species. |
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| Study of how organisms interact with their living environment. Study of connections and nature. |
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| What are the levels of organization of matter? |
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| Atom, molecule, cell, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere. |
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| group of same species living in a particular place |
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| populations of different species living in a particular place. |
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| place where population or individuals live |
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community of different species interacting with one another and with the non-living environment.
puddle of water-ocean. Could be natural or artificial (reservoir) |
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| consists of the parts of the Earth's air, water, soil. Where life is found |
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| atmosphere=air, hydrosphere=water, geosphere=rock, soil, biosphere= life |
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temperature and precipitation animal and plant life
Large regions such as rain forests, deserts, and etc with Distinct climates and species |
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| Life on earth depends on 3 interconnected factors such as |
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Definition
1) one way flow of high quality energy which is the sun
2) cycling of matter or nutrients=earth is closed so everything has to be recycles. fixed supply of nutrients have to be recycles to support life
3) gravity allows planet to hold on to its atmosphere and keeps the movement and cycling of chemicals through the air, water, soil, and organisms |
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Definition
| living and once living things |
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| nonliving components such as air, water, heat, energy |
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| Limiting factor principle |
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Definition
| too much or too little of any abiotic factor can limit or prevent growth of a population, even if all other factors are at or near the optimal range of tolerance |
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Photosynthesis= grass
Chemosynthesis |
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primary= plant eaters
secondary= carnivores such as birds, frogs; eats primary
third higher level= tigers, wolves; eats secondary |
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Bacteria, fungi
release nutrients of dead bodies |
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| CO2+water+solar energy=glucose+ oxygen |
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| feed on the waste or dead bodies of other organisms |
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| fermentation= breakdown glucose without oxygen |
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| the % of usable chemical energy transferred as biomass from one trophic level to the next, 2%-40% but average is 10% |
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| 3 types of natural selection |
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Definition
| Stabilizing, directional, disruptive |
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| favors average individual in a population |
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| occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait |
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individuals with either extreme of a trait variations are selected for.
ending up with 2 extremes
can lead to 2 different species |
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