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| Monarch of largest Christian kingdom in Iberia. (male) |
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| Monarch of largest Christian kingdom in Iberia. (female) |
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| Grants of American Indian laborers. |
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| Aka Santo Domingo, island located in the Caribbean Sea that Christopher Columbus landed on first. |
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| The holder of an encomienda. |
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| Dominican friar whom tried to protect the Native people. |
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| Spanish conquistador that caused the collapse of the Aztecs. |
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| Ruler of Aztec Empire during its contact with Europe and its downfall. |
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| Main city of Aztec Empire and New Spain, was called Tenochtitlan. |
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| Territory that Spanish were able to take over in the New World. |
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| Francisco Vasquez de Coronado |
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| Spanish conquistador who went into the southwest of America; leader of Spanish expedition to New Spain. |
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| Set up city of Santiago, conquered large areas in southern South America. |
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| Biological and ecological exchange that took place following Spanish establishment of colonies in the New World. |
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| Where the mountain of mercury was discovered. |
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| Rural estates, mostly for the upperclass people. |
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| Group of merchants that controlled trade in the Americas. |
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| Signed in 1494 between Castile and Portugal, agreement between the Spanish and Portuguese over new land. |
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| University trained lawyers from Spain. |
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| Group of laws made for the New World, codified laws into the basis for govt. in the colonies. |
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| Issued laws and advised the king, organization that took care of matters in the New World for Spain. |
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| Two major divisions of Spanis colonies in the New World. |
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| Sor Juana Ines da la Cruz |
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| A woman who lived in New Spain and is known for her writings. An author, poet, musician, and social thinker. |
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| Leader of an expedition to India. Portuguese explorer known for discovering Brazil. |
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Systems set up in Brazil by the Portugues as a method of farming, almost like a plantation.
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| Hardy backwoodsmen from Sao Paulo. |
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| One of the largest states in Brazil (second largest there) |
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| Port closest to the mines, one of the largest cities in the Americas and used to be the Portuguese capital in Brazil. |
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| Caste system in the New World based on racial origins. |
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| Those actually born in Spain, highest people in Spanish caste system. |
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| Those born in the New World, came below the Peninsulares. |
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| Friends of the country, private groups that tried to improve life in New Spain. |
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| War of the Spanish Succession |
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| War that prevented Spain and France from combining into one European superpower. |
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| Spanish Bourbon monarch, king of Spain that tried to keep the empire from continuing to decay. |
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| Spanish politician who was chosen to be in charge of the Indies, most important of the Royal investigators. |
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| Portugal's authoritarian prime minister, leader in Portugal who tried to gain control in Brazil and strengthen it. |
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| Revolt in 1781 against Spanish control. |
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| Also known as "Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui," was in charge of what was left of the Inca Empire after the multiple conquests that weakened it. |
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| Present day Bolivia, city created by the Spanish and was used for mining silver ore for the empire. |
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| Served Spain as a model for its actions elsewhere in the Americas. |
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