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Ap World History
Midterm Sophomore Year. 13-17
166
History
Graduate
01/21/2013
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Term
Permanent contact between Europe and the Americas did not occur until
 Definition
1492 C.E
Term
True or false : Europeans constructed caravels based on Arab ship and sail designs.
 Definition
True
Term
In the 1300s and 1400s guilds:
 Definition
Contributed to the ride of a middle class.
Term
The economies of north Italy and Flanders were dominated by which of the following?
 Definition
textile manufacturing
Term
In the high Middle Ages many European Jews:
 Definition
were successful traders
Term
As expressed in Aquinas's Summa Theologica , the Church began to modify its traditional opposition towards:
 Definition
business and businessmen
Term
Which of the following was NOT one of the disasters that afflicted fourteenth and fifteenth century Europe?
 Definition
drought
Term
In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries:
 Definition
peasants who survived the plague often found their situation improved.
Term
The bubonic plague:
 Definition
was spread primarily due to the activities of the Mongols
Term
True or False: Humanism is the belief that the proper study of man is man.
 Definition
True
Term
During the Renaissance , European artists began tot utilize which of the following in their paintings?
 Definition
perspective
Term
Which of the following is an Arab invention that aided in commercial navigation during the fifteenth century ?
 Definition
the astrolabe
Term
Which of the following is a Chinese invention utilized by Europeans to conquer countries and dominate trade routes?
 Definition
gunpowder
Term
The contest for control of the Mediterranean was primarily the result of
 Definition
competition for profit
Term
Prince Henry the Navigator supported the study of navigation for all these reasons except
 Definition
he hoped to defeat the Muslim king of Arabia , Prester John
Term
Christopher Columbus initially sought support for his expedition from
 Definition
Portugal
Term
The sea voyages of exploration and discovery:
 Definition
included the first round the world voyage by Ferdinand Magellan in the first half of the sixteenth century.
Term
Which of the following did NOT move from the Old World to the New World in the Columbian exchange?
 Definition
Potatoes
Term
Which of the following did NOT compete for control in North America?
 Definition
Germany
Term
Australia:
 Definition
was initially populated by prisoners
Term
True or False : New World Crops helped fuel Europe's population explosion.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False : The Dutch were the first Europeans tot settle in South Africa.
 Definition
True
Term
Which of the following possessed the most colonies along the Atlantic coast of North America?
 Definition
The Englsih
Term
Slavery:
 Definition
Brought nearly 10 million Africans to the Western Hemisphere
Term
In which type of agricultural production were slaves most likely to receive the worst treatment?
 Definition
sugar
Term
The slave trade:
 Definition
was largely dependent on the activities of native African businessmen
Term
Which of the following is NOT a reason that europeans did not venture into the interior of Africa?
 Definition
racist fears concerning Africans
Term
Geographically, which is the largest British colony?
 Definition
Australia
Term
According to Philip Curtin, the Caribbean sugar plantation economy of the 1700s had all the following characteristics, except:
 Definition
It produced most of its own food
Term
True or False : The North American colonies gained many of their new slaves through natural growth of the existing slave population.
 Definition
True
Term
This group helped convert peoples conquered by the Ottomans to Islam:
 Definition
Sufis
Term
The Ottoman Empire:
 Definition
Allowed the practice of Christianity in the Balkans
Term
Akbar did all of the following except:
 Definition
ban the use of native languages.
Term
The Mongols who invaded Persia in the thirteenth century:
 Definition
massacred whole populations of cities
Term
True or False : In 1530 the Ottoman Empire probably had a larger population than England, Spain and Portugal combined.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False : The Safavid empire controlled much of modern-day Turkey.
 Definition
True
Term
Demographers estimate that between 1000 and 1700 the population of Europe:
 Definition
more than tripled
Term
Of the following cities , which did NOT suffer decline during the seventeenth century?
 Definition
LONDON
Term
A political revolution:
 Definition
Can change the basis on which leaders come to power
Term
The revolutions that occurred between 1688 and 1789
 Definition
encouraged effective governmental bureaucracy
Term
According to Thomas Hobbes
 Definition
the state of nature was not pleasant
Term
John Locke argued that
 Definition
people had a right to replace a government that broke the social contract
Term
Which of the following scientist pioneered the notion that the sun was at the center of the solar system ?
 Definition
Nicholas Copernicus
Term
True or False: John Locke had a less negative view of state of nature than did Thomas Hobbes
 Definition
True
Term
True or False : Unfortunately, the scientific discoveries of the eighteenth century produced few, if any practical applications.
 Definition
False
Term
The Bill of Rights created through the Glorious Revolution:
 Definition
Provided for parliamentary approval of tax increases
Term
The encyclopedia:
 Definition
presented important ideas of the enlightenment
Term
True or False : Motesquieu's ideas on separation of powers within government had an influence on the writers of the American constitution.
 Definition
True
Term
The 1789 Estates General:
 Definition
had its most radical representatives in the third state
Term
In 1789, the National Assembly:
 Definition
issued the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen"
Term
The Committee on Public Safety:
 Definition
instituted the Reign of Terror
Term
Napoleon
 Definition
sought to export French political and social ideas to other European countries.
Term
Of the following territories, which was never under Napoleon's control?
 Definition
Britain
Term
The Saint-Domingue revolt
 Definition
was the only known successful slave revolution in history
Term
True or False: Brazil's bid for independence led to a long and bloody war with Portugal.
 Definition
False
Term
True or False : Haiti was granted its independence from France in 1804.
 Definition
True
Term
The early-ninteenth century Latin American revolutions:
 Definition
were led primarily by creole elites
Term
WHich of the following groups gained the most in the Latin American revolutions?
 Definition
Creole Elites
Term
A key event in Spain's ability to exploit its new world discoveries occurred when ______ found a portage across the Isthmus of Panama which enabled sailors to move their ships from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
 Definition
Balboa
Term
Once Spain was established in the Americas, they established the _______ system which was characterized by enslavement of the new world people preparatory to their conversion to Christianity.
 Definition
encomienda
Term
The value of the new world discoveries for Spain and Europe is shown by the fact that of all the gold and silver produced in the world between 1550 and 1800, Mexico and South America accounted for ______ percent of the total.
 Definition
70
Term
Spain's vast supplies of gold and silver were lost to the country through a series of wars led by _________ against the Ottoman Turks and against Protestant countries in central Europe.
 Definition
Charles V
Term
Of the three forms which the Protestant Reformation took, ______ put forward the belief that God grants his grace to whomever he chooses, regardless of individual behavior.
 Definition
Calvin
Term
The French rise to military power and economic wealth was the result of:
 Definition
the policy of mercantilism enacted by Colbert for Louis XIV.
Term
The factors which helped turn England into a commercial success as a "nation of shopkeepers" include:
 Definition
the new system of constitutional monarchy after 1688 that gave strong support to private commercial interests.
Term
Adam Smith's concept of capitalism, presented in The Wealth of Nations, included the idea that:
 Definition
economic decisions on price, supply, and demand should be made by the free market rather than by government decision.
Term
When Ming China turned away from participation in international trade, the action:
 Definition
was followed by relative prosperity because China had a large internal market it could develop.
Term
The Japanese decision to restrict contacts from the outside world after about 1600:
 Definition
did not seem to harm Japan as political consolidation and economic prosperity followed this decision.
Term
True or False : The experience of Spain and Portugal as imperial powers demonstrates that exploitation of colonial resources is the key to developing a successful empire.
 Definition
False
Term
True or False :The encomienda system remained in force in the Spanish colonies until humanitarian reformers such as de las Casas brought it to an end.
 Definition
False
Term
True or False :The treasury of silver-rich Spain was drained by the wars of Charles V against the Ottoman Empire in eastern Europe and on the side of the Catholics against the newly emerging Protestant countries.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False :Luther opposed the sale of indulgences, exemptions from punishment for sins, because he believed that all sins had to be "paid for" by the sinner before achieving salvation.
 Definition
False
Term
True or False : The Spanish Armada was sent against England because the English government supported the Dutch protestants in their war for independence from Spain.
 Definition
True
Term
The downward spiral of Spanish power began as the result of a series of military defeats best symbolized by the __________ in 1588.
 Definition
defeat of the Spanish Armada
Term
The entry of the Portuguese navies into the Indian Ocean brought immediate violence to these trade routes when _______ was ordered in 1500 to sink Muslim ships on sight as part of his mission.
 Definition
Pedro Alvarez Cabral
Term
The French leader who made France the strongest country in Europe was ________.
 Definition
Louis XIV
Term
The rivalry between France and England for control of North America ended in 1763 at the end of _______, which marked the military defeat of France.
 Definition
the Seven Years War
Term
The Russian czar who "opened a window of the West" as part of his effort to modernize his country was _______, who built up his army and defeated the then-powerful Swedish army.
 Definition
Peter
Term
True or False : In 1619, the Dutch East India Company founded Jakarta, which served as its regional headquarters until Indonesia won its independence in 1950.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False: Louis XIV's economic policy of mercantilism led to a powerful French economy through the use of government intervention and control of key elements of the national economy.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False:Russia began to take on its modern form only after Ivan III overthrew the domination of the Mughals in 1480.
 Definition
false
Term
True or False: The onset of the Tokugawa Shogunate was accompanied by a policy of religious toleration and trade with European traders and missionaries.
 Definition
false
Term
True or False:One characteristic of commerce in Southeast Asia was the continuing control of commerce by local merchants in the face of pressure from outside Asian and European traders.
 Definition
false
Term
Joint stock companies were a significant investment innovation that made it possible:
 Definition
to limit the financial liability of investors in case of failure.
Term
The response of the Roman Catholic Church to the Protestant Reformation was the Council of Trent, which provided for all of the following except:
 Definition
restriction of clerical membership to Europeans only.
Term
By 1600, China's economy was flourishing and the country contained ______ percent of the world's population.
 Definition
20
Term
The major cause for the loss of life among the people of the Americas was _______.
 Definition
disease
Term
Historian Alfred Crosby has analyzed the intercontinental transfer of plants and animals between the Americas and Europe after 1492 to determine the impacts of these transfers on the peoples of these two continents. He calls this transfer the ________.
 Definition
Columbian Exchange
Term
True or False: At the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, Turkish warriors secured Serbia and the western Balkans for the Ottoman Empire.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False : The key to the military success of the Ottoman Empire was the weaponry they had acquired in Asia, which was unfamiliar to European armies.
 Definition
False
Term
True or False :Although Muslim invaders did gain control of a portion of India by seaborne invasion shortly after 700, their main avenue into India was along the familiar invasion route into India from the northwest.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False :The Mughal Empire of Akbar in India, one of the great world empires, was built on religious toleration for the Hindu residents of the subcontinent.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False:China's Ming dynasty sought to pacify and accommodate the Mongols to their north while at the same time rebuilding the Great Wall and stationing many troops along their northern border.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False:Because of the impact of the Black Death, Europe's population held steady from 1000 to 1700; at the same time the African population was declining because of the slave trade and the Americas lost up to 90 percent of their population to disease.
 Definition
False
Term
True or False :The first Virginia settlers were looking for gold, beaver furs, deer skin, and a passage to the northwest.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False : Most of the 102 Pilgrim settlers in Massachusetts survived their first year only because of the assistance of Native Americans living in the area.
 Definition
False
Term
True or False: The early slave trade was carried out by camel caravan across the Sahara Desert to the Mediterranean.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False : Ibn Khaldun, Muslim traveler and chronicler, told a story of nomadic conquerors moving into settled areas and absorbing the culture and technology of the settled people over a relatively short time.
 Definition
True
Term
Historian Philip Curtin believes that between 1492 and 1770, the number of Africans who came to the Americas was _______ the number of Europeans who migrated.
 Definition
greater than
Term
The capital of Iran under Shah Abbas, _______, was noted for its beauty, its tolerance of variety of national groups, and the loyalty of its armies.
 Definition
Isfahan
Term
A major setback to the Ottoman advance into Europe occurred at the Battle of __________ in 1571, where they were defeated on the Mediterranean Sea by a coalition of the papacy.
 Definition
Lepanto
Term
Some Turks, as well as other ethnic groups in Iran, came to accept the militantly religious teachings of Shaykh Safi al-Din (1252-1334). His followers, the __________, claimed political as well as religious authority in Persia.
 Definition
Safavids
Term
True or False : Many people who were attracted to farming opportunities in North America needed the opportunity for a better life because of the decline of wages in Europe related to the influx of silver from Central America.
 Definition
True
Term
The Mayflower Compact of 1620 was:
 Definition
the shipboard agreement of the first collective settlement of Europeans in North America.
Term
True or False : Settlers to English colonies who could not pay for their ship passage could come as slaves.
 Definition
False
Term
The first European sailor to reconnoiter the Antipodes (Australia and New Zealand) was:
 Definition
Commander Abel Tasman.
Term
Chinese population growth in the 18th century was the result of :
 Definition
crops introduced to China from other continents, including the sweet potato, maize, and peanuts.
Term
The total population of the Americas after European contact and settlement:
 Definition
dropped sharply, as European and African arrivals did not nearly equal the number of Indians lost to disease and war.
Term
In contrast to the work of Walter Rodney, some scholars believe that the loss of African population to slavery:
 Definition
may have been more than offset by the increase in population which occurred as the result of new food sources which were imported from the Americas and grown in Africa.
Term
Fernand Braudel believes that Istanbul is the prototype of the great modern capitals that would rise in Europe because:
 Definition
they were hothouses of civilization
Term
In London, as in most cities before the start of the 20th century,:
 Definition
cities grew in size because the in-migration from the countryside exceeded the death rate of city residents
Term
In the first decades following Europe's "discovery" of the Americas, the "__________" (two words) brought in its wake both the catastrophe and new diseases as well as new and productive crops.
 Definition
Columbian Exchange
Term
Recent analyses of the African slave trade point out that:
 Definition
-Europeans did not have the military power to enslave Africans unless they were aided by Africans.
-slavery existed in Africa before the development of the slave trade to the Americas.
-slaves represented a significant form of wealth in many African societies.
Term
True or False :Thomas Hobbes, a supporter of the "Glorious Revolution" in England, theorized that life in the state of nature was "nasty, brutish and short."
 Definition
False
Term
True or False :William and Mary of Orange were invited to England to forestall the threat that England might re-establish Roman Catholicism, which had been disestablished by Henry VIII.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False :John Locke believed that absolute monarchy was "inconsistent with civil society" and therefore favored majority rule.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False :The 17th century marked the move of scientists working in communities with other scientists toward the freedom of working alone in their own laboratories.
 Definition
False
Term
True or False :Galileo's appeal to sense evidence, to direct observation, to empirically based information, and its complete accessibility to anyone who looked through a telescope, found universal support.
 Definition
False
Term
True or False :In spiritual and religious issues most "philosophes" were deists, not atheists; they allowed that the world might have required an original creator.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False :The American Revolution, in addition to securing British rights for Americans, was also the first modern anti-colonial revolution.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False :In the French Revolution, the leaders of the Third Estate sought the same privileges that the First and Second Estates already possessed.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False : One of the reasons for the ultimate failure of Napoleon to maintain his military gains was the rise of nationalism among the conquered peoples of his empire.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False :In 1776, Adam Smith attacked slavery in his Wealth of Nations by arguing it was a monopoly and a special privilege that inhibited economic growth
 Definition
True
Term
In his most influential work, __________, Thomas Hobbes wrote, "Nothing the sovereign representative can do to a subject, on what pretence soever, can properly be called injustice or injury."
 Definition
Leviathan
Term
Polish astronomer __________ (last name) was commissioned by Pope Paul III to devise a new calendar that would correct the errors of the Julian calendar.
 Definition
Copernicus
Term
The breakthrough that enshrined the sun-centered universe was made by __________ (last name), who determined that planets revolved around the sun in elliptical orbits at varying speeds.
 Definition
Kepler
Term
The French leaders of the Enlightenment were called "__________", and their ideas helped inspire both the American and French revolutions.
 Definition
philosophes
Term
Not a supporter of democracy, Voltaire preferred benevolent and enlightened __________ to badly administered self-rule.
 Definition
despotism
Term
The wealth that Louis XVI wished to tap to enhance government revenues was concentrated in the first two estates and the __________, or leading urban professional and commercial classes, of the third.
 Definition
bourgeoisie
Term
Divided into a moderate faction called the Girondins and a more radical group called the Montagnards, the __________ were the leaders of the Convention which emerged to lead France in September, 1792.
 Definition
Jacobins
Term
Outside the Assembly, the Paris Commune (the government of Paris) represented the __________, workers, merchants and artisans of the city who were generally more radical than the Convention.
 Definition
sansculottes
Term
After Robespierre was executed and the Reign of Terror ended, a new government, the __________, took control of France and conferred good title to the lands acquired by the new peasant and commercial landowners.
 Definition
Directory
Term
For decades, the slaves of Haiti had escaped psychologically and culturally through the practice of __________, a religion that blended the Catholicism of their masters with religious practices brought from Africa.
 Definition
voodoo
Term
True or False :All South American colonies gained their independence by the sword except for Brazil.
 Definition
True
Term
Napoleon’s invasion of Russia was prompted by the:
 Definition
support of Russia for Britain.
Term
True or False :Olympe de Gouges’ "The Rights of Women" was directed toward Queen Marie Antoinette rather than the French revolutionaries themselves. She suggested that the queen’s support for this document was a way to gain the favor of the people.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False :The Bill of Rights in England was a step toward democracy because it placed the king under constitutional rule. It has been estimated, however, that approximately 500 influential men could control the election of a majority in Parliament.
 Definition
Term
Newton’s law of gravity was the crowning achievement of the Scientific Revolution because it:
 Definition
combined the findings of Kepler and Galileo were consistent.
Term
The American president who fought against economic and political privilege and to extend opportunity to the common man but who ordered the Cherokee Indians to move the "Great American Desert" in defiance of a Supreme Court ruling was ________.
 Definition
Andrew Jackson
Term
The statement of the overall aspirations of the French Revolutionaries in June, 1789, is known as "______."
 Definition
What is the Third Estate?
Term
In 1733, John Kay invented the __________ (two words), which allowed a single weaver to send the shuttle back and forth across the loom automatically.
 Definition
flying shuttle
Term
The term __________ (two words) itself was used at least as early as 1845, in the opening paragraph of Friedrich Engels' The Condition of the Working Class in England.
 Definition
Industrial Revolution
Term
In 1831, __________ (last name) first demonstrated the principle of electromagnetic induction by moving a metal conductor through a magnetic field to generate electricity.
 Definition
Faraday
Term
An improvement of the Gatling gun, the __________ gun won its greatest fame in Africa, where Europeans found it indispensable in the colonization efforts.
 Definition
Maxim
Term
The __________ (two words) of 1833 not only forbade the employment of children under the age of nine in textile mills, it also, for the first time, provided for paid inspectors to enforce the legislation.
 Definition
Factory Act
Term
Marx believed that wealth is produced not so much by capitalists, who control the finances, but by the __________ (the laborers) who do the actual physical work of production.
 Definition
proletariat
Term
Arkwright's 1795 steam-powered frame could spin 100 pounds of cotton yarn in 300 hours. Hand spinners in India could do the same task in _______ hours.
 Definition
50,000
Term
One of the most famous series of machine-breaking riots in English factories occurred between 1810 and 1820 and were "led" by the mythical _________.
 Definition
Ned Ludd
Term
In Germany, the second industrial revolution was characterized by a new form of business association known as _________.
 Definition
a cartel
Term
Members of Britain's Parliament first learned of the horrors of child labor in factories through the work of ________.
 Definition
Michael Thomas Sadler
Term
Marx and Engels believed that wealth in an industrial society is produced by __________.
 Definition
proletariat
Term
The event which stimulated the growth of cotton textile production in England was:
 Definition
the growth in popularity and availability of cotton textiles from India.
Term
The expanded use of iron during the Industrial Revolution was made possible by:
 Definition
the development of ways to produce higher quality iron in larger batches.
Term
The Industrial Revolution occurred in England for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
 Definition
the existence of a large domestic market which could absorb all of the new productivity.
Term
The most important accomplishment of inventor Thomas Alva Edison was:
 Definition
the creation of Menlo Park, his private industrial laboratory.
Term
True or False : A stimulus to the revolution in textile production in England was the arrival of light, colorful, durable cotton textiles from India which began to replace English woolens on the market.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False: A stimulus for the development of the steam engine in England was the need to find a way to free water wheels to move faster than prevailing river currents.
 Definition
False
Term
True or False : The greatest demand for iron came from new inventions such as the steam engine, railroad track, and urban waste disposal systems.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False : English Romantic poets celebrated the hustle and bustle of the new urban life created by the industrial revolution
 Definition
False
Term
True or False: Plastics, produced from coal tar acids, became available in the late 19th century.
 Definition
True
Term
True or False: German technology provided the Second Industrial Revolution with the internal combustion engine, the diesel engine, and the automobile.
 Definition
True
Term
Bank investment was critical for the spread of industrialization around the world. In this effort the leading investment nation was:
 Definition
Britain
Term
The person most responsible for praising the achievements of industrial entrepreneurs and arguing that self-reliance was the key to personal wealth was:
 Definition
Samuel Smiles.
Term
True or False : Young female workers saw factory work as an opportunity to work for pay outside the home.
 Definition
True
Term
Marx and Engels opposed the “double oppression” of women. This term meant:
 Definition
the double impact of work and family responsibilities on women.
Term
True or False: The chartist movement of mid-19th century Britain sought the vote for women.
 Definition
True
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