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| proposed a strong national government that could make and enforce laws, and collect taxes. Proposed by James Madison |
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| the plan retained the equal representation of the states in Congress. Proposed by William Peterson |
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| was an agreement between large and small states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. |
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| which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the appointment of the members of the United States House of Representatives. |
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| An official, usually periodic to count off or name one by one of a population, often including the collection of related demographic information. |
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| included Alexander Hamilton, John Jay,James Madison, these men where behind the movement to draft and ratify the federal Constitution to secure the revolution on an orderly and stable basis. |
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they argue that:
- It gave too much power to the national government at the expense of the state governments.
- There was no bill of rights.
- The national government could maintain an army in peacetime.
- Congress, because of the `necessary and proper clause,' wielded too much power.
- The executive branch held too much power. [image]
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| are a series of 85 articles advocating the ratification of the United States Constitution |
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| was the first Secretary of the Treasury, a Founding Father, economist, and political philosopher. |
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| was an American politician, statesman, revolutionary, diplomat, a Founding Father of the United States, President of the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1779 and, from 1789 to 1795, the first Chief Justice of the United States. |
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| was an American politician and political philosopher who served as the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817), and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. is also known as the "Father of the Bill of Rights". |
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| he was an ambassador sent to our government by the French Republic, arrived at Charleston, South Carolina |
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| is the name by which the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are known. They were introduced by James Madison |
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| The Treaty eliminated British control of western posts within two years, established America's claim for damages from British ship seizures, and provided America a limited right to trade in the West Indies. |
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law that created the Judicial Branch of the federal government. Among the things provided for in the Act:
- the number of members of the Supreme Court (6)
- the number of lower district courts (13)
- the idea that the Supreme Court can settle disputes between states
- the idea that a decision by the Supreme Court is final.
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| This treaty between the US and Spain played an important role in the expansion of the new nation's boundaries. |
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Executive departments--State, Treasury, War,
Attorney General
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the State Department, is the Cabinet-level foreign affairs agency of the United States government
The treasury department generally performs other related functions, such as managing the bank's reserve
the department of war was the cabinet department originally responsible for the operation and maintenance of the US Army.
the Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement officer of the United States government.
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| was a diplomatic incident that almost led to war between the United States and France. |
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| was an American politician and the second President of the United States |
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Bank of the United States
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was created to handle the financial needs and requirements of the central government of the newly formed United States, which had previously been thirteen individual colonies with their own banks, currencies, and financial institutions and policies.
Officially proposed by Alexander Hamiton |
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| Democratic-Republican Party |
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| believed that a strong federal government would weaken and not respect the rights of the states and the people. |
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Strict/loose construction
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Strict- unless the Constitution explicitly gives the government power to do something, it should not do it.
Loose- that there should be certain implied powers government should have |
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| were designed to protect the United States from alien citizens of enemy powers and to stop seditious attacks from weakening the government. |
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| is intended to artificially inflate prices of imports and protect domestic industries from foreign competition |
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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
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| are political statements in favor of states' rights and Strict Constructionism written secretly by Vice President Thomas Jefferson & James Madison |
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| Angered by an excise tax imposed on whiskey in 1791 by the federal government, farmers in the western counties of Pennsylvania engaged in a series of attacks on excise agents. |
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| mortally wounded his professional rival and political enemy, Alexander Hamilton. Thereafter came his errant political adventures in the West, his trial for treason, and his acquittal. |
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| is the act of compelling people to serve in the military, usually by force and without notice. |
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| 1st time of the changing of parties when there was no riots in the streets |
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System embodied in the Constitution through which the power of each branch of
government is limited by the other; the President’s authority to veto legislation and
Congress’s power to override that veto are examples. |
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Definition
The idea advanced by Rousseau, Locke, and Jefferson, that government is created by
voluntary agreement among the people involved and that revolution is justified if government breaks the compact by exceeding its authority. |
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A political system in which the central government is relatively weak and member states
retain considerable sovereignty. |
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Powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution; including the power to collect
taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare war. |
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| Political groups that agree on objectives and policies; the origins of political parties. |
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The structure of the government provided for in the Constitution where authority is divided
between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches; idea comes from Montesquieu’s
Spirit of the Laws
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According to the compact theory of the Union the states retained all powers not
specifically delegated to the central government by the Constitution. |
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Marbury v. Madison (1803)
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First time an act of Congress is declared
unconstitutional; established the principle of judicial
review. |
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First time a state law is declared unconstitutional;
contract clause of the Constitution overrode state law. |
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Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
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The charter of a private corporation is protected under
the Constitution. |
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McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
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Upheld constitutionality of the Bank of the United
States; example of loose construction of the
Constitution (favored by the Federalists). |
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Affirmed federal control of interstate commerce
under commerce clause of the Constitution. |
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| reduced the size of the Supreme Court from six justices to five and eliminated the justices' circuit duties |
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| was one of the first major improved highways in the United States, built by the federal government. |
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| the judicial appointments made by President John Adams just before he was succeeded by President Thomas Jefferson. |
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| The Erie Canal is a man-made waterway in New York that runs about 363 miles from Albany on the Hudson River to Buffalo at Lake Erie |
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| is the power of the courts to annul the acts of the executive and/or the legislative power |
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| the acquisition of Florida by the United States and the establishment of a boundary line between Spanish territory and the United States. |
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| headed by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, was the first American overland expedition to the Pacific coast and back. |
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| asserted that the Western Hemisphere was not to be further colonized by European countries, but also that the United States would not interfere with existing European colonies nor in the internal concerns of European countries. |
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| This law stopped all trade between America and any other country. |
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| was an American lexicographer, textbook author, spelling reformer, word enthusiast, and editor. He has been called the “Father of American Scholarship and Education.” |
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| suspended trade with only France and England until one of them would "revoke or modify her edicts, as that they shall cease to violate the neutral commerce of the United States." |
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| was an American author, essayist, biographer and historian of the early 19th century |
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Known as "The Great Compromiser" and "The Great Pacifier" for his ability to bring others to agreement, he was the founder and leader of the Whig Party.
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| The party favors states' rights and the primacy of the yeoman farmer over bankers, industrialists, merchants, and other monied interests.was founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison around 1792. |
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| was a prolific and popular American writer of the early 19th century |
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| was an advocate of slavery, states' rights, limited government, and nullification. |
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| was an American financier who served as the president of the Second Bank of the United States. |
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| or Anti-Jacksonians created and run by Henry Clay. |
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| the disasterous effects caused by the Cherokee nation that was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma. |
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| Wrote the Star Spangle Banner |
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| practice of giving appointive offices to loyal members of the party in power. |
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| the final major battle of the War of 1812. American forces, commanded by General Andrew Jackson, defeated an invading British Army intent on seizing New Orleans and the vast territory America had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase |
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| when President Andrew Jackson vetoed a bill which would allow the Federal government to purchase stock in the Maysville, Washington, Paris, and Lexington Turnpike Road Company, which had been organized to construct a road linking Lexington and the Ohio River |
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| return to normalcy after the war of 1812 |
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| was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United Statesits southern detractors because of the effects it had on the Antebellum Southern economy. |
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| Secret meeting of Federalist Party delegates from New England states who opposed the war of 1812. |
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| was an unplanned series of speeches in the Senate, during which Robert Hayne of South Carolina interpreted the Constitution as little more than a treaty between sovereign states, and Daniel Webster expressed the concept of the United States as one nation. |
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agreement between the United States and Great Britain concerning the Canadian border.
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| An Act to provide for the better Organization of the Treasury, and for the Collection, Safe keeping, Transfer, and Disbursement of the public Revenue. |
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| was a new way of organizing labor made necessary by the development of machines which were too large to house in a worker's cottage. |
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Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank,
high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in
the economy.
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Refers to the claim from the supporters of Andrew Jackson that John Quincy Adams and
Henry Clay had worked out a deal to ensure that Adams was elected President by the
House of Representatives in 1824.
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An attempt to withhold good from export in order to influence the policies of the former
purchasers. |
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Refers to the period after the War of 1812 during the presidency of James Monroe, when
competition among political parties was at a low ebb.
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