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| the process by wich the brain creates a model of internal and external exprience |
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| an interdisciplinary feld involving cognitive psychology, neurology, biology, computer science, and linguistics, and specialists from other fields who are interested in teh connection between mental processes and the brain. |
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| any brain process that does not involve concious processing icluding both preconcious memories and unconcious processes. |
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| information that is currently in conciousness but can be recakked to conciousness voluntarily or after something calls attention to them. |
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| in classic Freudian theory, a part of the mind that houses memories, desires, adn feelings that would be threatening if brought to conciousness. Many modern cognitive psychologists view the unconcious in less sinister terms, merely as a collection of mental processes that operate outside of awareness-but not typically suppressing information or working at odds with conciousness. |
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| a common (and quite normal) varitation of conciousness in which attention shifts to memories, expectations, desires, or fantasies and away from teh immediate situtation. |
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| physiological patterns that repeat approximately every 24 hours, such as the sleep-wakefulness cycle. |
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| a stage of sleep that occurs approximately every 90 minutes, marked by burtst of rapid eye movements occuring under closed eyelids; these periods are associated with dreaming. |
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| The recurring periods, mainly associated with the deeper stages of sleep, when a sleepe is not showing rapid eye movements. |
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| A condition in which a sleeper is unable to move any of teh voluntary muscles except those controlling the eyes; normally occurs during REM sleep. |
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| a condition of increased REM sleep caused by REM-sleep deprivation. |
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| a sleep deficiency caused by not getting the amount of sleep that one reequires for optimal functioning. |
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| the story line of a dream, taken at face value without interpretation. |
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| the symbolic meaning of objects and events in a dream. Latent content is usually an interpretation based on Frued's psycholytic theory or one of its variants. The latent content of a dream involving clocks might involve fear of the menstrual cycle and, hence, of one's sexuality. |
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| activation-synthesis theory |
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| the theory that desires negin with random electrical activation coming from the brain stem. Dreams then, are the brain's attempt to make sense of- synthesize- this random activity. |
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| the most common of sleep disorders-involving insufficient sleep, the inability to fall asleep quickly, frequent arousals, or early awakenings. |
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| a repiratory disorder in which the person intermitently stops breathing many times while asleep. |
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| Deep sleep episodes that seem to produce terror, although any terrifying mental experience (such as a dream) is usually forgotten upon awakening; occur mainly in children. |
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| a disorder of REM sleep involving sleep onset REM periods, and sudden daytime REM-sleep attacks usually accompanied by cataplexy. |
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| sudden loss of muscle control |
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| an induced state of awareness, usually characterized by heightned suggestibility, seep relaxation, and highly focused attention. |
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| a state of conciousness often induced by focusing on a repetitive behavior, assuming certain body postions, and minimizing external stimulation; may be intended to enhance self-knowledge, well-being, and spirituality. |
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| chemicals that affect mental processes and behavior by their effects on the brain. |
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| drugs that create hallucinations or alter perceptions of the external environment and inner awareness. |
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| highly addictive drugs, derived from opium, that can produce a profound sense of well-being and have strong pain-relieving properties. |
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| drugs that slow down mental and physical activity by inhibiting transmissions of nerve impulses in the central nervous system. |
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| drugs that arrouse the central nervous system, speeding up mental and physical responses. |
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| the reduced effectiveness a drug has after repeated use. |
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| a process by which the body adjusts to, and comes to need, a drug for its everyday funtioning. |
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| a condition in which a person continues to use a drug despite its adverse effects-often despite repeated attempts to discontinue using the drug; may be based on physical or psychological dependence. |
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| a pattern of uncomfortable or painful physical symptoms and cravings experienced by theuser when the level of drug is decreased or the drug is eliminated. |
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| a desire to obtain or use a drug, even though there is no physical dependence. |
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