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Definition
| a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience |
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learning that certain events occur together
events may be two stimulior a response and its consequence |
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a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli
a neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus |
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the view that psychology: (1)should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior with reference to mental processes
most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not (2) |
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| unconditioned response (UR) |
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Definition
| in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US) such as salivation when food is in the mouth |
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| unconditioned stimulus (US) |
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Definition
| in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally -- naturally and automatically -- triggers a response |
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| conditioned response (CR) |
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Definition
| in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral, but now conditioned, stimulus (CS) |
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| conditioned stimulus (CS) |
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Definition
| in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (U) comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR) |
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Definition
| in classical conditioning, the initial stage of learning; the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned resopnse. |
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the diminishing fo a conditioned response; in classical conditioning this occurs when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus
occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced |
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| the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response |
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| the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses |
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| in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus |
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Definition
| a type of learning in which behavior is strenthened if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by punisher |
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behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus
skinner's term for behavior learned through classical conditioning |
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| behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences |
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| thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and taht behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely |
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| a chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking |
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Definition
| an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of a desired behavior |
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Definition
| in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows |
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| increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food |
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| an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need |
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| increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. |
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| a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer |
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| reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs |
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| reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement |
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Definition
| in operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses |
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Definition
| in operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforcees a response after an unpredictable number of responses |
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Definition
| in operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed |
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| variable interval schedule |
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Definition
| in operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals |
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| an event hat decreases the bahavior that it follows |
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| a mental representation of the layout of one's environment. |
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| learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it |
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| a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake |
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| a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment |
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| learning by observing others |
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| the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior |
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| frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so |
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positive, constructive, helpful behavior
the opposite of antisocial behavior |
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