A pair of adopted children or identical twins reared in the samehome is most likely to have similar

a. Temperaments

b. Personalities

c. Religious Beliefs

d. Emotional Reactivity

Of the following, the best way to separate the effects of genes and environment in research is to study

a. Fraternal Twins

b. Identical Twins

c. Adopted children and their adoptive parents

d. Identical twins raised in different environments

If the chromosomes are the "books" of heredity, the "words" are the _________ and the "letters" are the ___________.

a. Genes; Nucleotides

b. Nucleotides; Genes

c. Genes; DNA

d. DNA; Genes

Each cell of the human body has a total of

a. 23 Chromosomes

b. 23 Genes

c. 46 Chromosomes

d. 46 Genes

Which is the correct order of stages of prenatal development?

a. Zygote, Fetus, Embryo

b. Zygote, Embryo, Fetus

c. Embryo, Zygote, Fetus

d. Embryo, Fetus, Zygote

e. Fetus, Embryo, Zygote

The rooting reflex occurs when a

a. Newborn's foot is tickled

b. Newborn's cheek is tickled

c. Newborn hears a loud noise

d. Newborn makes eye contact with his or her caregiver

e. Newborn hears his or her mother's voice

In Piaget's stage of concrete operational intelligence, the child acquires an understanding of the principle of

a. Conservation

b. Deduction

c. Attachment

d. Object Permanence

Piaget held that egocentrism is characteristic of the

a. Sensorimotor Stage

b. Preoperational Stage

c. Concrete Operational Stage

d. Formal Operational Stage

An elderly person who can look back on life with satisfaction and reminisce with a sense of completion has attained Erikson's stage of

a. Generativity

b. Intimacy

c. Isolation

d. Acceptance

e. Integrity

The developmental theorist who suggested that securely attached children develop an attitude of basic trust is

a. Piaget

b. Harlow

c. Vygotsky

d. Freud

e. Erikson

In preconventional morality, the person

a. Obeys out of a sense of social duty

b. Conforms to gain social approval

c. Obeys to avoid punishment or to gain concrete awards

d. Follows the dictates of his or her conscience

A person's general ability to think abstractly is called ______ intelligence. This ability generally ______ with age.

a. Fluid; Increases

b. Fluid; Decreases

c. Crystallized; Decreases

d. Crystallized; Increases

When psychologists discuss maturation, they are referring to stages of growth that are not influenced by

a. Conservation

b. Nature

c. Nurture

d. Continuity

During which stage of cognitive development do children acquire object permanence?

a. Sensorimotor

b. Preoperational

c. Concrete Operational

d. Formal Operational

In Piaget's theory, conservation is to egocentritism as ________ stage is to the ________ stage.

a. Sensorimotor; Formal Operational

b. Formal Operational; Sensorimotor

c. Preoperational; Sensorimotor

d. Concrete Operational; Preoperational

Compared to when he was younger, 4 year old Antonio is better able to empathize with his friends' feelings. This growing ability to see from another's perspective indicates that Antonio is acquiring a

a. Self Concept

b. Schema

c. Temperament

d. Theory of mind

Stranger anxiety develops at the same time as

a. The concept of conservation

b. Egocentrism

c. A theory of mind

d. The concept of object permanence

Harlow's studies of attachment in monkeys showed that

a. Provision of nourishment was the single most important factor motivating attachment

b. A cloth mother produced the greatest attachment response

c. Whether a cloth or wire mother was present mattered less than the presence or absence of other infants

d. Attachment in monkeys is based on imprinting

Insecurely attached infants who are left by their mohters inan unfamiliar setting often will

a. Hold fast to their mothers on their return

b. Explore the new surroundings confidently

c. Be indifferent toward their mothers on their return

d. Display little emotion at anytime

According to Erikson, the central psychological challenges pertaining to adolescense, young adulthood, and middle age, respectively, are

a. Identity formation, intimacy, generativity

b. Intimacy, identity formation, generativity

c. Generativity, intimacy, identity formation

d. Intimacy, generativity, identity formation

e. Identity formation, generativity, intimacy

The cross-sectional method

a. Compares people of different ages with one another

b. Studies the same group of people at different times

c. Tends to paint too favorable a picture of the effects of aging on intelligence

d. Is more appropriate than the longitudinal method for studying intellectual change over the life span

Which of the following statements is consistent with the current thinking of developmental psychologists?

a. Development occurs in a series of sharply defined stages.

b. The first two years are the most crucial in determining the individual's personality.

c. The consistency of personality in most people tends to increase over the life span.

d. Social and emotional style are among the characteristics that show the least stability over the life span

Dr. Ross believes that principles of natural selection hep explain why infants come to fear strangers about ht etime they become mobile. Dr. Ross is most likely a(n)

a. Behavior Geneticist

b. Molecular Geneticist

c. Evolutionary Psychologist

d. Molecular Biologist

Twins who develop from a single fertilized egg are known as __________; twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs are known as ______.

a. Fraternal; Identical

b. Identical; Fraternal

c. Placental; Nonplacental

d. Nonplacental; Placental

Which of the following most accurately expresses the extent of parental influence on personality?

a. It is more extensive than most people believe.

b. It is weaker today than in the past.

c. It is more limited than popular psychology supposes.

d. It is almost completely unpredictable.

Gender refers to

a. The biological and social definition of male and female

b. The biological definition of male and female

c. One's sense of being male or female

d. The extent to which one exhibits traditonally male or female traits

Despite growing up in the same home environment, Karen and her brother John have personalties as different from each other as two people selected randomly from the population. Why is this so?

a. Personality is inherited. Because Karen and John are not identical twins, it is not surprising they have very different personalities.

b. Gender is the most important factor in personality. If Karen had a sister, the two of them would probably be much more alike.

c. The interaction of their individual genes and non-shared experiences account for the common fidning that children in the same family are ususally very different.

d. Their case is unusual; children in the same family usually have similar personalities.

One of the best ways to distinguish how much genetic and environmental factors affect behavior is to compare children who have

a. The same genes and environments

b. Different genes and environments

c. Similar genes and environments

d. The same genes but different environments

When his son cries when another child takes his favorite toy, Brandom admonishes him by saying, "Big boys don't cry." Evidently, Brandon is an advocate of the __________ in accounting for the development of gender-linked behaviors.

a. Gender schema theory

b. Gender identity theory

c. Gender-typing theory

d. Social learning theory

After puberty, the self-concept usually becomes

a. More positive in boys

b. More positive in girls

c. More positive in both boys and girls

d. More negative in both boys and girls

Adolescence is marked by the onset of

a. An identity crisis

b. Parent-child conflict

c. The concrete operational stage

d. Puberty

Which is the correct sequence of stages in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

a. Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

b.Sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational

c. Preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational, concrete operational

d. Preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational

The term "critical period" refers to

a. Prenatal development

b. The initial 2 hours after a child's birth

c. The preoperational stage

d. A restricted time for learning