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the repetition of identical or similar consonant sounds, normally at the beginnings of words
Ex: She sells sea-shells down b the sea-shore |
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A reference in a work of literature to something outside the work, especially to well-known historical or literary event, person, or work
Ex: When she lost her job, she acted like a Scrooge, and refused to buy anything that wasn't necessary." |
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A figure of speech in which someone (usually, but not always absent), some abstract quality, or a nonexistent personage is directly addressed as though present
Ex: Bright Star, how I wish I were as steadfast as though art! |
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the repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds.
Ex: A land laid waste with all its young men slain |
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un-rhymed iambic pentameter
Ex: Milton's Paradise Island |
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a harsh, unpleasant combination of sounds or tones
Ex: For growl and cough and snarl are the token of spendthrifts. Who know not the ultimate economy of rage"-"silences E. J. Pratt |
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| the repetition of similar consonant sounds in a group of words. The terms usually refers to words in which the ending consonants are the same but the vowels that precede them are different. |
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| a two-line stanza, usually with end-rhymes the same |
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| the use of words in a literary work. May also be described as formal (the level of usage common in serious books and formal discourse), informal ( the level of usage of a group, possibly including terms and constructions accepted in that group but not universally acceptable), or slang |
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| a poem which employs a dramatic form or some element or elements of dramatic techniques as a means of achieving poetic ends. |
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| a sustained and formal poem setting forth the poet's meditations upon death or another solemn theme |
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| a line with a pause at the end. Lines that end with a period, a comma, a colon, a semicolon, and exclamation point, or a question mark are end-stopped lines |
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| the continuation of the sense and grammatical construction from one line of poetry to the next |
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| an implied analogy, or comparison which is carried throughout a stanza or an entire poem |
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| a style in which combinations of words pleasant to the ear predominate (opposite of cacophony) Vowel sounds are usually taken as euphonious |
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| writing that uses figures of speech (as opposed to literal language or that which is actual or specifically denoted) |
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| poetry which is not written in a traditional meter but is still rhythmical |
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| two end-stopped iambic pantameter lines rhymed aa,bb,cc with the thought usually completed in the two-line unit |
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| a deliberate, extravagant, and often outrageous exaggeration. It may be used for either serious or comic effect |
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| It is taken to describe the sensory details, particularly when they combine to create a complete "image" usually visual, but also auditory, tactile or olfactory |
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the contrast between actually meaning and the suggestion of another meaning
Verbal irony- a figure of speech in which the actual intent is expressed in words which carry the opposite meaning. Irony is likely to be confused with sarcasm, but it differs from sarcasm in that it is usually lighter. The ability to recognize irony is one of the surer tests of intelligence and sophistication. Among the devices by which irony is achieved are hyperbole and understatement |
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| rhyme that occurs within a line, rather than at the end |
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| any short poem that presents a single speaker who expresses thoughts and feeling. Love lyrics are common, but lyric poems have also been written on subjects as different as religion and reading |
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| a figurative use of language in which a comparison is expressed without the use of a comparative term like "as", "like", or "than" |
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| the repetition of a regular rhythmic usnit in a line of poetry. The meter of a poem emphasizes the musical quality of the language and often relates directly to the subject matter of the poem. Each unit of meter is known as a foot |
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| a figure of speech which is characterized by the substitution of a term naming an object closely associated with the word in mind for the word itself |
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the mingling of one metaphor with another immediately following with which the first is incongruous
Ex: I smell a rat. I see it floating in the air. I shall nip it in the bud |
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a non-dramatic poem in which tells a story or presents a narrative, whether simple or complex, long or short
Ex: epics or ballads |
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| an eight-line stanza. Most commonly, octave refers to the first division of an Italian sonnet |
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the use of words whose sound suggests their meaning
Ex: buzz, hiss, or honk |
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a form of a paradox that combines a pair of contrary terms into a single expression. This combination usually serves the purpose of shocking the reader into awareness
Ex: wise fool or sad joy |
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| a situation or action or feeling that appears to be contradictory but on inspection turns out to be true or at least to make sense |
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| a restatement of an ideas in such a way as to retain the meaning while changing the diction and form. A paraphrase is often an amplification of the original for the purpose of clarity |
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| a kind of metaphor that gives inanimate objects or abstract ideas human characteristics |
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a group of syllables in verse usually consisting of one accented syllable and one or two unaccented syllables associated with is
Ex. iambic u/
trochaic /u
anapestic uu/
Trochee trips from long to short
Form long to long in solemn sort
Slow spondee stalks; strong foot! yet ill able
Ever to come up with Dactyl trisyllable
Iambics march from short to long;
With a leap and a bound and swift Anapests throng |
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| a four-line stanza with a combination of rhymes |
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| a group of words forming a phrase or sentence and consisting of one or more lines repeated at intervals in a poem, usually at the end of a stanza |
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| the recurrence of stressed and unstressed syllables. The presence of rhythmic patterns lends both pleasure and heightened response to the listener or reader |
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writing that seeks to arouse a reader's disapproval of an object by ridicule. Usually comedy that exposes errors with an eye to correct vice and folly
Ex. poetry of Alexander Pope |
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a system for describing the meter of a poem by identifying the number and the type(s) of feet per line
Ex. monometer one foot per line
dimeter two feet per line |
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| a six-line stanza. Most commonly, sestet refers to the second division of an Italian sonnet |
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a directly expressed comparison; a figure of speech comparing two objects, usually with "like", "as", or "than".
Ex: my love is like a fever |
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normally a fourteen-line iambic pentameter poem.
Ex: abba, abba, cde, cde |
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| the arrangement of materials within a work; the relationship of the parts of a work to the whole; the logical divisions of a work. The most common units of structure in a poem are the line and stanza |
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the mode of expression in language; the characteristics manner of expression of an author.
Ex: diction, syntax, figurative language |
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something that is simultaneously itself and a sign of something else
Ex: winter, darkness, and cold things symbolize death |
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a form of metaphor which in mentioning a part signifies the whole
Ex: foot soldiers for infantry and field hands for manual laborers |
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| the ordering of words into patterns or sentences. |
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| A stanza of three lines in which each line ends with the same rhyme |
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| the main thought expressed by a work. In poetry, it is the abstract concept which is made concrete through its representation in person, action, and image in the work |
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| the manner in which an author expresses his or her attitude; the intonation of the voice that expresses the meaning. Described by adjectives and can change from stanza to stanza or line to line |
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| the opposite of hyperbole. It is a kind of irony that deliberately represents something as being much less than it really is |
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a nineteen line poem divided into five tercets and a final quatrain. Usues only two rhymes which are repeated
Ex: Dylan Thomas's poem "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night" |
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