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Ap Notes
chapter 2
78
History
Not Applicable
09/12/2005
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Term
Spanish had much control in
 Definition
Central and South America.
Term
North America in 1600 was
 Definition
largely unclaimed,
Term
Spain had only set up ___
while France had founded _
and Britain had founded __
 Definition
Santa Fe,
Quebec
Jamestown.
Term
In the 1500s, Britain didn’t really colonize because of
 Definition
internal conflicts
Term
King Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s and launched
 Definition
the English Protestant Reformation.
Term
After Elizabeth I became queen,
 Definition
Britain became basically Protestant, and a rivalry with Catholic Spain intensified.
Term
In Ireland, the Catholics sought Spain’s help in revolting against England, but the English crushed the uprising
 Definition
with brutal atrocity, and developed an attitude of sneering contempt for natives.
Term
After Britain basically defeated Spain (i.e. Spanish Armada defeat), British swarmed to
 Definition
America and took over lead in colonization and power.
Term
Colonization
 Definition
Sparked new literature, like Shakespeare
Term
After Drake circumnavigated the globe,
 Definition
Liz I knighted him on his ship.
Term
However, English tries at colonization in the New World but
 Definition
failed often and embarrassingly.
Term
Britain and Spain finally signed a
 Definition
peace treaty in 1604
Term
1.In the 1500s, Britain’s population was mushrooming.2. Farmers were enclosing land for farming.
3.Puritanism took a strong root in the woolen districts of western and eastern England.
4.Younger sons of rich folk (who couldn’t inherit money) tried their
 Definition
Reasons for Emigration
Term
In 1606, the Virginia Company received a charter from King James I to
 Definition
make a settlement in the New World.
Term
Such joint-stock companies usually did not exist long, as stockholders hoped to
 Definition
form the company, make a profit, and then quickly sell for profit a few years later.
Term
The charter of the Virginia Company guaranteed
 Definition
settlers the same rights as Englishmen in Britain.
Term
On May 24, 1607, about a 100 English settlers
 Definition
disembarked from their ship and founded Jamestown.
Term
_____colonists perished during the voyage.
 Definition
Forty
Term
In mosquito-ridden Virginia, disease was
 Definition
rampant. It didn’t help that a supply ship shipwrecked in the Bahamas in 1609 either
Term
Luckily, in 1608,______ took over control and whipped the colonists into discipline.
 Definition
a Captain John Smith
Term
He had been kidnapped by local Indians and_________ and had been “saved” by Pocahantas.
 Definition
forced into a mock execution by the chief Powhatan
Term
The act was meant to
 Definition
show that Powhatan wanted peaceful relations with the colonists.
Term
the colonists were reduced to eating
 Definition
cats, dogs, rats, even other people.
Term
Finally, in 1610, a relief party headed byarrived to alleviate the suffering.
 Definition
Lord De La Warr
Term
By 1625, out of an original overall total of 8000 would-be settlers, only _____had survived.
 Definition
1200
Term
At first, Powhatan possibly considered the new colonists potential allies and tried to be friendly with them, but as time passed and colonists raided Indian food supplies,
 Definition
relations deteriorated and eventually, war occurred.
Term
The First Anglo-Powhatan War ended in 1614 with a peace settlement sealed by
 Definition
the marriage of Pocahontas to colonist John Rolfe
Term
Eight years later, in 1622, the Indians struck again with a series of attacks that left__settlers, including__ , dead.
 Definition
347
John Rolfe
Term
The Second Anglo-Powhatan War began in 1644, ended in 1646, and effectively
 Definition
banished the Chesapeake Indians from their ancestral lands
Term
After the settlers began to grow their own food, the Indians
 Definition
were useless, and were therefore banished.
Term
_____ created a greed for land, since it heavily depleted soil and ruined the land.
______detested tobacco.
 Definition
Tobacco

King James I
Term
Representative self-government was born in Virginia, when in 1619, settlers created
=
 Definition
the House of Burgesses.
Term
in 1619,____was born in the Americas.
 Definition
Slavery
Term
Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore, Maryland was the second plantation colony and the
 Definition
fourth overall colony to be formed.
Term
It was a place for persecuted Catholics to find refuge.
 Definition
Maryland
Term
Lord Baltimore gave huge estates to his Catholic relatives, but the poorer people who settled there where
 Definition
mostly Protestant, creating friction.
Term
Maryland prospered with______
It had a lot of______.
 Definition
tobacco.
indentured servants
Term
Only in the later years of the 1600s (in Maryland and Virginia) did____ began to become popular
 Definition
Black slavery .
Term
Maryland’s religious statute guaranteed toleration to all Christians, but
 Definition
decreed the death penalty to Jews and atheists and others who didn’t believe in the divinity of Jesus Christ.
Term
As the British were colonizing Virginia, they were also settling in (Spain’s declining power opened the door).
 Definition
the West Indies
Term
By mid-1600s, England had secured claim to several West Indies islands, including _______
They grew lots of sugar there
 Definition
Jamaica in 1655.
Term
Thousands of_____ were needed to operate sugar plantations, and these weren’t for the poor either.
 Definition
African slaves
Term
To control so many slaves, were set up that defined the legal status of slaves and the rights of the masters. They were typically strict.
 Definition
“codes”
Term
In England, King Charles I had been beheaded.______ had ruled for ten years before tired Englishmen restored Charles II to the throne.
 Definition
Oliver Cromwell
Term
Carolina was named after______ , and was formally created in 1670.
 Definition
Charles II
Term
Carolina flourished by developing close economic ties with________ .
 Definition
the West Indies
Term
Many original Carolina settlers had come from.
 Definition
Barbados
Term
Interestingly, Indians as slaves in Carolina was protested, but to no avail. Slaves were sent to , as well as New England.
 Definition
the West Indies to work
Term
Rice emerged as the principle crop in Carolina.
African slaves were hired to work on rice fields, due to .
 Definition
their immunity to malaria and their familiarity with rice
Term
Despite violence with Spanish and Indians, Carolina proved
 Definition
to be too strong to be wiped out
Term
Many newcomers to Carolina were “squatters,”
 Definition
people who owned no land.
Term
North Carolinians developed a strong resistant to authority, due to
 Definition
geographic isolation from neighbors.
Term
In 1712, North and South Carolina were
 Definition
officially separated.
Term
In 1711, when Tuscarora Indians attacked North Carolinas, the Carolinians responded by__________ eventually becoming the Sixth Nation of the Iroquois.
 Definition
crushing the opposition, selling hundreds to slavery and leaving the rest to wander north,
Term
Georgia was intended to be a buffer between________ in Florida and the enemy French in Louisiana.
 Definition
the British colonies and the hostile Spanish settlements
Term
Founded in 1733 by a high-minded group of philanthropists, it was the last colony founded.
 Definition
Geogria
Term
Named after King George II of England, Georgia was also meantto be a haven for
 Definition
wretched souls in debt.
Term
________, the ablest of the founders and a dynamic soldier-statesman, repelled Spanish attacks
 Definition
James Oglethorpe
Term
He saved “the Charity Colony” by his energetic leadership and by using
 Definition
his own fortune to help with the colony.
Term
All Christians except Catholics enjoyed religious toleration in _____, and many missionaries came to try to convert the Indians.
 Definition
georgia
Term
John Wesley was one missionary who came to try to convert the , in georgia, and he later returned to England and founded Methodism.
 Definition
Indians
Term
Georgia grew
 Definition
very slowly.
Term
Slavery was found in all
 Definition
the plantation colonies
Term
Growth of cities was often stunted by____ .
 Definition
forests
Term
Establishment of______and______ was difficult
 Definition
schools and churches
Term
In the South, the crops were _______
 Definition
tobacco and rice
Term
All the plantation colonies permitted _________.
 Definition
some religious toleration
Term
Confrontations with________ was often
 Definition
Native Americans
Term
In what is now New York State, the_________ once were a great power.
 Definition
Iroquois
Term
They were made up of the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Deganawidah, and the Hiawatha.
 Definition
iraquios
Term
The________was the building block of Iroquois society.
 Definition
longhouse
Term
The_______ were middlemen with European traders
 Definition
Mohawks
Term
The Senecas were _____
 Definition
fur suppliers.
Term
The Five Nations of the Iroquois’ rivals, the neighboring Hurons, Eries, and Petuns, were .
 Definition
vanquished
Term
Throughout the 1600s and 1700s, the Iroquois allied with the______ (whichever more beneficial).
 Definition
British and French
Term
When the American Revolution broke out, the decision to side with who was split. Most sided with_____ , but not all.
 Definition
the British
Term
Afterwards, the Iroquois were forced to_______ , which proved to be unbearable to these proud people.
 Definition
reservations
Term
An Iroquois named__________ arose to warn his tribespeople to mend their ways.
His teachings live today in the form of the longhouse religion.
He died in 1815.
 Definition
Handsome Lake
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