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reference to someone or something that is known from history, literature, religion, politics, sports, science, or another branch of culture. An indirect reference to something (usually from literature, etc.).
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attributing human characteristics to an animal or inanimate object (Personification)
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Inversion of the usual, normal, or logical order of the parts of a sentence. Purpose is rhythm or emphasis or euphony. It is a fancy word for inversion.
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story or poem in which characters, settings, and events stand for other people or events or for abstract ideas or qualities.
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Comparison made between two things to show how they are alike
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deliberately suggesting two or more different, and sometimes conflicting, meanings in a work. An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way- - this is done on purpose by the author, when it is not done on purpose, it is vagueness, and detracts from the work.
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Balancing words, phrases, or ideas that are strongly contrasted, often by means of grammatical structure.
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Brief story, told to illustrate a point or serve as an example of something, often shows character of an individual
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repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds in words that are close together.
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Central character who lacks all the qualities traditionally associated with heroes. may lack courage, grace, intelligence, or moral scruples.
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Repetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order. Moliere: “One should eat to live, not live to eat.” In poetry, this is called chiasmus.
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Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer’s point more coherent.
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