Term
pg. 924-925
PSI
Voting Rights Act 1965 |
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Definition
LBJ passed this legislation in response to the ballot-denying devices that didn't allow blacks to vote. e.g. literacy tests
Exactly 100 years after civil war this was passed, it was the result of extreme violence and opression to civil rights activists. They were killed for peaceful protest and the whites were acquited of their crimes
This also marked the end of peaceful civil rights revolution. Martin luther is demeaned as "the Lawd" |
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Term
pg. 925, 918
PRSI
Martin Luther King Jr. |
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Definition
growing up in an affluent family he emerged as an unprecedented and hugely influential civil rights activist. He caused attempt at civil rights bill and Voting rights act
He came from a religious-christian-perspective that emphasized civil disobedience
revolted in March of Washington and bus sittings and such, and countless other peaceful demonstrations
civil rights movement was really only taken on by governement because of this intellectual movement. King was influenced by Ghandi
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Term
pg. 918-919
PS
March on Washington |
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Definition
this was in support of civil rights act
2000,000 marchers participated in support of the act and no policemen attacked them. This is when King presents the I had a dream speech |
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Term
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Definition
Politically his goal was to use kennedy's legacy to ensure the Great Society. He did so by passing civil rights bill, medicare and medicaid, immigration reform, and aid to education (national endowments for the arts and the humanities). He also invested three billion dollars into wage war against poverty. He won his only election by Tonkin Gulf Resolution. |
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Term
pg. 921-922
P
Tonkin Gulf Resolution |
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Definition
This was like the 100 days of congress in that it gave LBJ a blank check to do anything with respect to action in Vietnam. He used the "unprovoked" attacks of american gunboats in north vietnam to justify air attacks on north vietnam. This success of gulf of tonkin resolution is what won LBJ presidency |
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Term
pg. 923
PES
War on Poverty |
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Definition
LBJ amped up the action in the war on poverty by establishing department of transportation ahd the department of Housing and urban development.
He called for 2billion dolar investment to office of economic opportunity and 1billion to revelop decrepid hills of Appalachia
The next decade poverty made a sharp decline and people's health in general went up as indicated by decline in infant morality |
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Term
pg. 923, 920
PS
Civil Rights Act |
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Definition
In this act the Equal employment opportunity commision was created and increased power to the government when dealing with segregation in schools and banned discrimination against people in public facilities
From this act huge social reform was made for individuals who were discriminated in education or in society in general. It also was what caused the executive order requiring all federal contraters to "take affirmative action" against discrimination |
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Term
pg. 920
PS
"affirmative action" |
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Definition
LBJ spoke these words after the 1964 civil rights act was passed ordering that all federal contractors take affirmative action against discrimination. This meant that all courts and branches of the governement had to ensure that discrimination never occured.
From the outset this was good and it was good for a decade or so until reverse discrimination emerged as a result.
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Term
pg. 921-922
PES
Barry Goldwater |
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Definition
He ran for candidacy as a republican against LBJ in 1964. He held views against the Great Society, the social security system, federal income tax, tenesse valley authority, and the nuclear test ban treaty.
He posed as the antithesis of liberal LBJ, his conservatism turned many away for it was too easy to portray him as trigger happy |
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Term
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Definition
He politically wanted change through black studies programs in schools and more rights for all, he initiated the violent side of the civil rights movement.
his name Malcolm Little was changed by his own self to emphsasize the abuses made towards african americans. He redefined the idea of black power by preaching separatism and animosity towards white people |
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Term
pg. 928
PES
"Operation Rolling Thunder" |
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Definition
this was the name LBJ gave to the final phase of the war in Vietnam, the part where U.S. was waging full war and it had escalated to as high as it could for U.S.
the war exceeded thirty billion
Marks the begining of dissillusionment for U.S. citizens as many condemned this war by 1970. This term represents the lack of a plan U.S. had in invading Vietnam. |
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Term
pg. 929
PS
"credibility gap" |
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Definition
this was a way of saying that the people didn't trust the government for what it has been saying about Vietnam as it should have been for the government was inflating the numbers anyway
This signifies disillusionment becoming stronger within the United States people towards their gov. |
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Term
pg. 928
P
Charles D'Gaulles |
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Definition
| Although unneccessary, he is most remembered for kicking U.S. NATO off french soil. What this represents is the loss of credibility the U.S. was gaining internationally as well for being in Vietnam |
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Term
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Definition
She began civil disobedience with triumphant determination as she chose to sit in an only whites seat on a bus
this began a huge bus boycott that demonstrated the dependence buses had for black citizens |
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Term
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Definition
| These were guerillas in south vietnam that were inplaced by ho chi mihn who despised democracy and wanted communism. Their best known tactic was tet offensive |
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Term
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Definition
| The political significance of this attack by the vietcongs was not that it was a huge defeat for the communists. Infact some would argue that this defeat was actually a win for the communists who proved that they could outlast and that they could win despite LBJ gradual escalation idea. For americans this wrought an increase of opposition towards the war. |
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Term
pg. 931
P
George C. Wallace |
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Definition
First third party to be as successful as his party was, it was scary the extreme things he was saying. (segregation now, segregation forever). He garnered alot of votes that Nixon could have used. |
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Term
pg. 930-932
P
Hubert Humphrey |
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Definition
| Humphrey ran for candidacy in the 1968 election in which he was a hand me down from LBJ. He lost the candidacy by a margin of like one percent. He claimed full out war which was a huge contradiction of what mcarthy, the other half of the democratic candidates, was contesting. He divided his party in a way that rendered it hopeless for him to get more votes than Nixon |
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Term
pg. 927
PES
Great Society |
|
Definition
LBJ secured a stong standpoint for which his duties would pertain to in office by declaring that his plan was to achieve the great society. Like the new deal his proposals were to set up new boards and departments to regulate society
He improved the economy dramtically by reducing poverty in the U.S.
He did this by reforming education, creating medicaid, waging a war against poverty, and enforcing civil rights |
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Term
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Definition
He caused havoc in the government by stepping on the toes of the U.S.' freedom of speech by hastily condemning anyone he thought was a communist. Until the point that he even claimed that some U.S. soldiers were communists as well. He was fired for not acting with good discretion.
His excessive red hunt displays the paranoia characteristic of the beggining of the cold war |
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Term
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Definition
What this word describes is the fear and subsequent distruction a democratic society can put onto themselves. It shows a fatal flaw in a republic, that a governement ruled by the people is not exempt from ruthlessless |
|
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Term
pg. 890-891
PSI
desegregation |
|
Definition
Regardless of the fact that the supreme court ruled it illegal to have serparate but equal facilities in Sweatt vs. Painter. Truman was unsuccessful at passing the civil rights bill that was later passed by LBJ. He could only declare no segregation in the military b/c congress was stubborn
Without political involvement, desegregation was the result of forceful sit ins and other displays of civil disobedience by blacks.
The initial roadblocks to desegregation is what allowed for the civil rights movement to occur |
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Term
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Definition
the committee of unamerican activities otherwise known as HUAC reflects the paranioa of its era towards communism. Solely devoted to the capturing of communists
The societal ramifications were increased paranioa that climaxed to the point that two citizens were actually killed by electricution for supposed perjury |
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Term
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Definition
What the iron curtain was was the dividing line that nearly divided the world perfectly in half between communism and democracy. This was capitalized on by warsaw pact and NATO
This iron curtain might have been the realization within the U.S. that an idealogical war was truly in their midst |
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Term
pg. 875-876
P
Thomas Dewey
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Definition
| he ran against Truman for presidency in 1948, he thought he would win. Despite the split in the democratic party however, dewey lost. |
|
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Term
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Definition
After Eisenhower refused to run for president in 1948, Henry decided to jump in the progressive party. This really divided the already very devided democratic party which was out of Truman's favor. Regardless of the fact that many democrats left Truman to support Henry, Truman won that election
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Term
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Definition
Wrote "Feminine mystique" which was rebellion against cult of domesticity. example of civil rights movement |
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Term
pg. 884
S
"Feminine Mystique"
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|
Definition
A book written by betty friedman in protest against the all to domestic life of the suburbs. Examply of civil rights movement in 1964 |
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Term
|
Definition
| This decision to give supplies to Berlin when the U.S.S.R decided to cut it off demonstrates perhaps the beggining of the cold war and the end to the alliance between USSR and US |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Politically they supported less taxes, individualism, and devotion to unregulated economy
The fifteen states at the bottom of the U.S. became heavily populated for agricultural reasons and for an escape from taxes. 1945 |
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Term
pg. 857
SI
Benjamin Spock |
|
Definition
Dr. Benjamin Spock wrote The common sense book of baby and child care in 1945, this represented the increase in stress many felt as they were separated from many friends as they moved around in the post ww2 era. Book also represented separation from family that could have informed the readers of how to take care of the children but couldn't because they weren't within each others vicinities |
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Term
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Definition
In this time in U.S. history many blacks were moving from the south in escape from the constraints of republicanism and such. Soon white folk fled to the suburban areas away from those migrating to the cities. This fleeing to suburbia by whites is called white flight |
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Term
pg. 863
p
Yalta Conference |
|
Definition
1945 at Yalta, Stalin promises representative elections in poland and Bulgaria and Romania. The United Nations was decided upon here. Roosevelt then concontroversialy gave manchuria to USSR and parts of Japan for USSR's help in defeating Japan three months after the fall of Germany. Turns out U.S. could have defeated Japan all on their own |
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Term
pg. 931
PS
Robert F. Kennedy |
|
Definition
Upon his campaign in 1968, Kennedy was shot to death by an arab. This unfortunate event put many anti-war democrats into panic with their frustration and discontent with their other options, Humphrey and mcarthy.
In response to this frustration they had a nonviolent, but what turned to violent protest in front of the democratic convention as police turned violent |
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Term
pg. 967
S
Nuremburg trials |
|
Definition
These trials were perhaps the only thing USSR and US could agree on after WW2. After convicting many nazis through mock up UN trials, many nazis were executed ruthlessly be it by hanging or whatever |
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Term
pg. 869
PR
Truman Doctrine
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|
Definition
Declaring that everything that wasn't supportted by communism was friends and everything communist was foe, this doctrine was Truman's declaration of foriegn involvement within cold war
This was largely influenced by the clergyman, Niebuhr, who developed a good vs. evil case behind the cold war |
|
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Term
pg. 869
P
George F. Kennan |
|
Definition
| He innovated the containment theory that claimed that the goal of the US in the cold war was to contain communism so that it didn't spread, the failure of this was seen in China when it decided to become communist. |
|
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Term
pg. 869
P
containment doctrine |
|
Definition
In this idealized proposed response by George Kennan, the idea was that communism needed to be stemmed by not allowing it to influence many areas. Instead of being defensive the country took more of an offensive stance in which the plan was to make sure Greece especially wouldn't fall under communist pressures. |
|
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Term
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Definition
| Opec was like a union of those in eastern countries who exported petroleum and decided to boycott U.S. for a long time. Then they hicked up the prices to such a rate that the U.S. had to choose between their way of life or their money. |
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Term
pg. 875
PS
Ethel and Julius Rosenburg |
|
Definition
They died in the electric chair for allegedly leaking the blueprint of the atom bomb to soviets. First espionage execution during peacetime for U.S.
THe social repercussion is the continuance of extreme parania towards communism for the U.S. and Nixon and Mcarthy were at the front of this |
|
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Term
pg. 887 and 552
P
Adlai Stevenson |
|
Definition
He ran for office against Eisenhower after being vice president, even though he was truly much more well experienced he lost because of the paranoia of communism. it was a cheep shot. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| He was a general from WW2 and believed in outright battle which meant that when he was assigned to the task of the Cold war he would carry out these wrongful beliefs. Here he decided to not obey orders which was to simply carry troops of 3/8ths parrelel into northern korea if there was no USSR intervention. He violated these orders by tresspassing into manchuria and relentlessly advocating war against China once they responded with threats. He was fired for this reason |
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Term
pg. 876
P
J. Strom Thurmond |
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Definition
In defiance to Truman and in outright rebellion against his democratic nomination, confederate flag wavers nominated Thurmond for the presidential race of 1948. He most likely stood for the counter civil rights and very agressive cold war instigator. |
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Term
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Definition
| In this proposal Truman called for spending 12.5 bilion dollars over four years into sixteen countries that needed help. This successfully helped France and Italy which was more importantly best at keeping them out of the influence of communism. |
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Term
pg. 871
P
National Security Act |
|
Definition
The Department of Defense was set up under this act and so was the CIA and so was the national security council to which the president was advised on war related issues. This were perhaps the first proactive war preparations since WW2 |
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Term
|
Definition
Truman proposed this agenda in office, he was attempting to create a better U.S. by the means of setting up departments in 1949 in his second term, Truman caled for improved housing full employment a higher minimum wge better farm price supports new TVAs and an extension of Social Security. Even though his only major success with regards to this outline he promised were, providing public housing, extending insurance to more in the social seurity act, and raising the minimum wage; the fair deal program was pursued by many presidents to come. |
|
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Term
pg. 853, 877
PES
Taft-Harley Act |
|
Definition
It forbid the all union shop, made unions liable for damages that resulted from jurisdictional disputes among themselves, and required union leaders to take a noncommunist oath.
Passed by an all republican congress, this act caused difficulties in organized labor
The social response was that this supported "slave labor". |
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Term
pg. 894
PS
Plessy vs. Fergusen |
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Definition
This court ruling declared the Jim Crow laws to be permissable because separate but equal facilities made for moral codes. only overuled in Brown vs. Board of education58 years later
This segregated whites against blacks and caused civil rights movement in the 60s |
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Term
pg. 984
PS
Brown vs. Board of Education |
|
Definition
Huge step towards civil rights, it reversed Plessy vs. Fergusen and finally called segregation inherently unequal and insisted that desegregation be removed at all diliberate speed.
Eisenhower wasn't initially in favor of the clause, but as soon as people began violating the law he too jumped on the civil rights bandwagon. The next step was to allow voting rights |
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Term
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Definition
Ho chi mihn, under the opression of France, had asked for self determinatin as early as 1919 but was denied by US. This lead him to gravitate north korea to communism. What threw him all the way was actually US as they responded in retaliation of their rebellion against France, supporting south Korea that wanted no communism. He terrorized south korea and waged war against US until they pulled out. |
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Term
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Definition
Nasser of Egypt invoked this crisis by nationalizing the dam so that suddenly France and Britain no longer owned it, in response to this they attacked Eygypt. Not liking this the US used black mail in the form of not importing oil to these countries for this war for the last time. France and Britain pulled out.
Economically the Western countries realized their newfound dependence and subsequent weakness. |
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Term
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Definition
Nasser originally was working with the US to build a dam in the Suez canal, but after working with the communists US abandoned this offer. Nasser then nationalized the Suez canal and claimed that no western countries owned it, this lead to suez crisis.
More importantly, this began OPEC and US dependence on oil in these easter countries. |
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Term
pg. 902
P
Cuban missle crisis |
|
Definition
What happened was that Cuba was not negotiating with US so US put sanctions on Cuba in response and was considering attacking it when USSR claimed to help Cuba. Then the us devised a conference between the nations and pretended to be victorious upon arriving home. |
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Term
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Definition
| He took control of Cuba and threatened US with war if they attempted to redeem their lost land when Castro kicked out Batista and took control. US hurt Cuba more by putting economic sanctions on them that was collatorally more damaging then any supposed victory they were trying to attempt |
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Term
pg. 898
P
Hungarian Revolt |
|
Definition
| What this demonstrated was US failure to actually enact the New Look policy in 1955. Hungary, was ruthlessly stifled in their attempt to become a democracy. US failure to even intervene proves the failure of the new look strategy |
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Term
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Definition
US took out the ruler Diem to reinforce the south vietnamese it was being rejected by many south vietnamese. This shows that Vietnam war had become more of US war than Vietnam's |
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Term
pg 913
P
"flexible response" |
|
Definition
| THis was formed after the failure of massive retaliation was seen, Kennedy did this to develop a series of military options that could allow US involvement without humiliation or annihlation. THis also allowed further investment in conventional army and green beret (special forces)- like men who stare at goats |
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Term
pg. 889
P
"massive retaliation" |
|
Definition
| Dulles suggested this form of international response to Eisenhower. It proposed the ultimatum of all or nothing, that US could no longer contain communism. They now had to agressively put them back, National security act was largely inspired by this. Hungary and most of vietname proved the faulty of this plan. |
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Term
pg. 918
P
Oswald Lee Harvey |
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Definition
He assasinated Kennedy and then conspiracy theories were born in response to his own death that happened as the tv was filming. Jack ruby killed him. |
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Term
|
Definition
| US attempted to assasinate Castro by having Cuban rebells in cuba trying to assasinate him themselve in the bay of pigs. Embarassingly this little scheme was revealed and Castro began becoming even more friendly with USSR |
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Term
pg. 907
PS
24th amendment
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|
Definition
Ending the poll tax, this made it easier in 1964for people to vote.
The social change was more freedome at the booth, finally no taxes were involved at the booth. That summer was dubbed Freedom summer |
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Term
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Definition
| THis was a saying for peace between countries that applied to the US when they began vietnamization and tensions between China and them began to go away |
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Term
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Definition
| This peace treaty revolutinized the nubclear arms decrease to 1200 for both sides and this was done between russia and president Ford |
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Term
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Definition
He was notorious for the SALT compromise and the Iranian hostage crisis |
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Term
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Definition
President Nixon was most known for his scandals in watergate and keeping the war in cambodia, much of it, a secret from the rest of the country. Watergate was when he was connected with some burgulars who had ransaked the democrats in 1972 and was saying alot of creeping things on tape when he taped everything that was said in the Oval Office |
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Term
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Definition
| These people were wire tapping the democrats in the 1972 and was allegedly thwarted by a security guard but is known for their criminality in this area |
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Term
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Definition
Gave 18 year olds the right to vote which is imperative now that the baby boomers had become teenagers |
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Term
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Definition
Influenced by King he used alot of civil disobedience in 1965 to gain rights for migrant farm workers and apparantly grape migrant farmers.
He won alot of civil rights to migrant farmers
The social repercussions were that of increased civil rights |
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Term
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Definition
This act was in response to the many anti-war protesters in america when Nixon was in office. It declared that Nixon had to report to Congress within 48 hours after commiting troops to any foreign conflict or enlargy combat units at all
THis New Isolationism was mostly influenced by the protesters in US |
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Term
pg. 946
P
George Mcgovern |
|
Definition
In the election of 1972 he ran against Nixon under democrats and would have won with all the support he garnered from anti war groups like feminists, but his VP was hospitalized and Nixon had the upperhand by claiming the war was almost over. So he lost |
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Term
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Definition
He declared no interaction with immoral foriegn countries and secured a department for energy. He also gave back the Panama Canal
He revolutionized the economy by getting away from OPEC and trying to conserve energy
He was a strong advocate of civil rights |
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Term
|
Definition
THe country wanted a conservative president and that is what republican Nixon promised, however he was more of a liberal in most of his successes.
He gave back revenue-30k-to states and had a hands on approach to building the economy back up again
He also reformed welfare and will be known for his secrets such as Watergate. He caused disillusion in politics |
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Term
|
Definition
VP to president Nixon, he portrays the ring of corrupted people that just so happened to be in office when Nixon was. He reportedly evaded taxes and bribed, it was for these reasons that he left office |
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Term
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Definition
In this legislature by court ruling, illegalizing abortion became illegal. Women were allowed to choose what they wanted to be done to themselves
THis was largely the result of the abortion pro choice wars in 1973 |
|
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Term
pg. 960
P
Iranian hostage crisis |
|
Definition
Before the invasion of Kuwait, US had been caught scandelously trading with the enemy. In Reagans term this scandal erupted and soon both Iraq and Iran were fighting, it wouldn't be long til hussain would try to achieve Kuwait |
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Term
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Definition
Truman as president believed in the Truman doctrine and wasn't very involved in war. He advocate the Fair deal.
He decreased wages to attempt to decrease inflation
social impacts were"housing, conservation, economic security, health insurance, federal aid to education, agricultural subsidies, increased the minimum wage, expanded social securities, flood control, slum clearance, expanded public power, reclamation, soil conservation, building of low income housing units." |
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Term
pg. 886
PS
John F Kennedy |
|
Definition
He is claimed to be one of the best presidents of our time, he made the flexible response plan for Cold War. He became involved in Vietnam
He was an advocate for alot of reform in social areas, he supported alot of civil rights and was most notorious for attempting to pass the Civil rights bill |
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Term
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Definition
NATO was formed and officially set the iron curtain between communism and democracy as germany and France joined forces with one another and then the Warsaw pact was developed |
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Term
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Definition
In the context of this act sent in by the NSC, it proposed a huge military buildup. Truman recognized the significance of this as China had become communist and an atomic bomb had just been detonated by USSR. it was inspired by containment theory of Kennan, but it was perhaps more drastic |
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Term
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Definition
THe UN was established in the Yalta conference with USSR and Britain, here they worked together to enforce world wide peace. The Nueremburg trials were the first time UN excercised world court and middle east crisis was the first time UN military was sent in. |
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Term
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Definition
He ran for office in 1986, but is most known for his civil rights activism a senator.
He helped the SCLC get together and was a baptist, he couldn't keep Terry Shiavo alive |
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Term
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Definition
| law that declares a person, without trial to be guilty of a crime |
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Term
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Definition
| after the fact makes criminal an act a retroactive criminal law |
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Term
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Definition
| a list of individual rights and liberties |
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Term
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Definition
| changes in or additions to the U.S. constitution |
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Term
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Definition
| power of executive to veto some provisions in a bill while approving others. not allowed in the u.s. |
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Term
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Definition
| political system wltimate authority is shared between a central state government |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of people who seek to influence public policy in a negative way |
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Term
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Definition
| power of the courts to declare acts of legislature and executive and judicial to block some acts by the others |
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Term
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Definition
| an alliance of different factions ot acheive some political goal |
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Term
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Definition
| right of body prevent unnecessary searches, probable cause |
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Term
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Definition
| freedom of religion/spech/press/assembly |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| no loner have to quater troops |
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Term
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Definition
| right to persons to be secure from unreasonable searches. probable cause map vs. ohio |
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Term
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Definition
person can be tried only if they have been charged
fair price for property seizure |
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Term
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Definition
| a person accused as a crime as a right to a fair and speedy trial |
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Term
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Definition
| civil trials are disptes between private parties or with the government bench trial without a judge |
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Term
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Definition
prohibits excessive bail
no cruel or unusual punisshment |
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