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AP Gov Voc
GOV Voc Cards
67
History
12th Grade
10/14/2012

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Term
Government
Definition
Governing body of a nation, state or community..
Term
Democracy
Definition
A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, mostly through elected representatives.
Term
Majority Rule
Definition
Principal that the greater # should exercise greater power.
Term
Minority Rights
Definition
Rights that have policies that include granting minorities some degree of territorial autonomy.
Term
Pluralist Theory
Definition
The belief that politics and decision making is located mostly in the govern. framework.
Term
Elite+Class Theory
Definition
Theory of the state which seeks to describe and explain the power relationships in contemporary society.
Term
Hyperpluralism
Definition
State in which many groups or factions are so strong that a govern. is unable to function.
Term
Policy Gridlock
Definition
Condition that occurs when no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy.
Term
Liberals
Definition
1.Person of liberal view
2.A supporter or member of a Liberal Party.
Term
Conservatives
Definition
A person who is averse to change and holds to traditional values and attitudes.
Term
Constitution
Definition
Constitutional government.
Term
Limited Government
Definition
Government where anyone that minimal govern. interventions in personal liberties and the economy is not usually allowed by law.
Term
Article of Confederation
Definition
Original constitution of the U.S, ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the constitution in 1789.
Term
Shay's Rebellion
Definition
An armed uprising in central and western Massachusetts (mainly Springfield)from 1786 to 1787.
Term
New Jersey Plan
Definition
(Also know as Small State/Paterson Plan) A proposal for the structure of the United States govern. proposed by William Paterson at the constitutional convention on June 15, 1787.
Term
Virginia Plan
Definition
(Also known as Randolph plan)
-Proposal by Virgina delegatesdrafted by James Madison while he waited for quorum to assemble at the constructional convention of 1787.
Term
Connecticut Compromise
Definition
Also known as The Great Compromise of 1787 or Shennan's Compromise, it was an agreement between large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787.
Term
Writ of Habeus Corpus
Definition
A writ ordering a prisoner to be brought before a judge.
Term
Separation of Power
Definition
A model for the governance of both democratic and federative states.
Term
Checks and Balances
Definition
Counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated.
Term
Republic
Definition
A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elective representatives.
Term
Federalists
Definition
An advocate or supporter of federalism.
Term
Anti-Federalist
Definition
Political philosophy which opposes the concept of federalism.
Term
Federalist Papers
Definition
collection of essay written under the pseudonym "Publius" by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison.
Term
Marbury vs. Madison
Definition
Landmark case in U.S law. Formed basis for exercise of judicial review.
Term
Judicial Reviews
Definition
(in U.S)
Reviewed by the Supreme Court of the constitution validity of a legislative act.
Term
Federalism
Definition
Federal principal or system of gov.
Term
Supremacy Clause
Definition
A clause in the U.S.
Term
Tenth Amendment
Definition
Part of the Bill of Rights, enacted on 12 June, 1990.
Term
McCulloch vs Maryland
Definition
Landmark decision by the Supreme Court of U.S
-State of Maryland attempted to impede operation of a branch of the second Bank of U.S.
Term
Enumerated Powers
Definition
List of items found in Article 1, section 8 of the U.S Constitution.
Term
Implied Power
Definition
Powers authorized by a legal document, which seemed to be implied by powers expressly stated.
Term
Elastic Clause
Definition
Statement in U.S Constituion granting Congress power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out enumerated list of powers.
Term
Devolution
Definition
The transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, esp. by central gov. to local or regional administration.
Term
Full faith +Credit
Definition
Guarantee to pay interest and principal on debt; usually issued by the United States Treasury.
Term
Extradition
Definition
Action of Extradition a person accused or convicted of a crime.
Term
Politics
Definition
Activities of governments concerning the political relations between countries.
Term
Montesquieu
Definition
French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers. (1689-1755)
Term
U.S. vs Lopez
Definition
U.S vs Alfonso Lopez,Jr.
-First U.S Supreme Court case since New deal to set limits to Congress.
Term
John Locke
Definition
English empiricist philosopher who believed all knowledge is derived from sensory experience.
Term
Hobbes
Definition
English Philosopher
-Believed human actions was motivated by selfish concern.
Term
David Hume
Definition
Scottish Philosopher, philosophy restricted human knowledge.
Term
Richard Hofstadter
Definition
American Historian, major seminal influence in American intellectual and political history.
Term
Charles Wright Mills
Definition
American Sociologist, and professor at Columbia University from 1946 till death of 1962.
Term
James Madison
Definition
Fourth president of the United States.
Term
Unitary System
Definition
A system of political organization in which most or all of the governing power resides in a centralized gov.
Term
Confederation
Definition
League, alliance, or group made up of various groups, states, countries.
Term
Dual Federalism
Definition
Theory of federal constitutional law in U.S according to which governmental power is divided into two separate spheres.
Term
Expressed Powers
Definition
Powers specifically given to Congress in the U.S Constitution, found in Article I, Section 8
Term
Formula Grants
Definition
U.S Federal Grants specifying a precise formula in the legislation.
Term
Gibbons vs Ogden
Definition
Landmark decision of Supreme Court that defined the scope of powers given to congress pursuant to the Commerce Clause of the Constitution.
Term
Extraditon
Definition
Procedure by which a state or nation, upon receipt of a formal request by another state or nation, turns over to that second jurisdiction an individual charged.
Term
Privileges and Immunity
Definition
Concept contained in the U.S Constitution that place the citizens of each state on an equal basis with citizens of other states.
Term
Cooperative federalism.
Definition
Cooperative in which all members are,m in turn, cooperatives.
Term
Fiscal federalism
Definition
Name given to a system of financial transfers between federal state, and local gov, to pursue policy initiatives.
Term
Categorical Grants
Definition
Grants issued by the U.S Congress, which may be spent only for narrowly- defined purposes.
Term
Project Grant
Definition
Any grant that is given a connection with a specifically defined piece of work or production.
Term
Block Grants
Definition
Grants from central gov that a local authority can allocate to a range of service.
Term
Schiavo Case
Definition
Legal battles over the guardianship and rights of Theresa Maria Schindler Schiavo. (1963-2005)
Term
Yucca Mountain
Definition
Mountain in Nevada approximately northeast of the Las Vegas metropolitan area.
Term
Euthanasia
Definition
The painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma.
Term
No Child Left Behind Act
Definition
U.S Act in 2001 of Congress about the education of children.
Term
Same Sex Marriage
Definition
Two people, of the same sex who live together as a family.
Term
Same Sex Marriage
Definition
Two people, of the same sex who live together as a family.
Term
Funded mandates
Definition
Law for ex, business will pay for employee benefits out of their pockets, or tax papers will pay out of their pockets if it's a state or federal mandate.
Term
Unfunded Mandates
Definition
Regulations or conditions for reviewing grants that impose cost on states or local gov or private entities.
Term
Printz vs. U.S
Definition
U.S Supreme Court ruling that established the unconstitutionality of certain interim provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act.
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