Term
| Primary Method for Making Amendments |
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Definition
may be proposed by a 2/3 vote of each house of COngress and ratified by 3/4 of state legislatures
executive and judicial branches are not involved |
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Term
| Necessary and Proper clause |
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Definition
Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18
Implied powers Congress has
allows them to make all laws which will be necessary and proper
also includes list of expressed powers COngress has (right to declare war, tax) |
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Term
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Definition
first case in which the US Supreme Ct applied the necessary and proper clause
question of whether Congress had the power to charter a bank
expanded federal power |
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Term
| vague, ambiguous language in the Constitution |
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Definition
unreasonable searches and seizures
executive power vested in the President
done on purpose because it allows room to define later as things change |
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Term
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Definition
birth of judicial review (Supreme Court deteremines constitutionality of laws passed by Congress)
Adams' midnight appts, Maddison didn't give the jobs to the judges |
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| loose construction/judicial activism |
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Definition
| federal government can take reasonable actions that the constitutuion does not specifically forbid |
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| strict construction/judicial restraint |
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Definition
| federal government should do only what the constitution specifically says it can do |
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Definition
| form of government in which a constitution distributes authority and powers between a central government and smaller governments |
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Definition
idea that national government has limited power, most power to the state government
layerd cake |
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Definition
| mied set of responsibilities in which all levels are engaged |
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Term
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Definition
return to the idea of a limited national government
made popular by Raegan |
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Definition
checks the growth of tyrannhy
allows unity without uniformity
encourages experimentation
provides training for national officials
keeps government closer to the people
creates opportunities for national candidates |
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Term
| delegated/ expressed powers |
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Definition
powers given to the national government in the Constitution
regulate interstate commerce
coin money |
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Definition
inferred from the expressed powers
necessary and proper clause |
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Term
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Definition
those not dependent on the Constitution
usually for military and foreign policy
determine borders |
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Definition
powers not delegated to the national government
10th Amendment
schools
licenses (marriage, law) |
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Term
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Definition
powers both the national and state governments possess
levy taxes (we pay federal and state income taxes) |
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Term
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Definition
has taken the form of grants-in-aid
money the federal government gives to the states |
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Term
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Definition
categorical (most used)
block
revenue sharing (least used) |
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Definition
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Definition
broad
transportation in iowa |
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Definition
broadest
do what you want with the money |
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Term
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Definition
requirements the state must meet in order to receive federal funds
ex: raise drinking age, lower blood alcohol content, open schools up to minorities |
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Term
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Definition
tendency for grants to acquire mandates where none had previously existed
"strings attached" come later in the game |
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