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Ap Gov Chapter 5
AP Gov Chapter 5
89
History
11th Grade
01/20/2012
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Term
Americans tend to favor equality of ________ rather than equal results
 Definition
opportunity
Term
The phrase ʺequal protection of the lawsʺ is found in the
 Definition
Fourteenth Amendment
Term
Briefly explain the primary significance of the Fourteenth Amendment
 Definition
One of three amendments passed after the Civil War, the Fourteenth Amendment is the
first and only place in which the idea of equality appears in the Constitution
Term
In the case of ________, the Supreme Court ruled that a black man was ʺchattelʺ who had no
rights under a white manʹs government, and that Congress had no power to ban slavery in the
western territories.
 Definition
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Term
The Supreme Courtʹs decision in Brown v. Board of Education overturned the separate but equal
doctrine an earlier Court had established in the 1896 case of ________.
 Definition
Plessy v. Ferguson
Term
The ________ Amendment, adopted in 1870, guaranteed African Americans the right to vote,
though it proved difficult to enforce for many decades.
 Definition
Fifteenth
Term
What were the main provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
 Definition
made racial discrimination illegal in public places, forbade discrimination in
employment, created the EEOC, provided for withholding federal grants from state and
local governments that practiced racial discrimination, strengthened voting rights
legislation, authored the Justice Department to initiate lawsuits to desegregate public
schools and facilities
Term
What were some of the methods used by southern states to deny African Americans the right
to vote after passage of the Fifteenth Amendment?
 Definition
poll taxes, white primaries, grandfather clause
Term
Early strategies of Native Americans to secure their civil rights included ________, while more
recently they have begun to use the courts
 Definition
financial claims and protest
Term
The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the United States governmentʹs decision to
remove the Japanese Americans from the west coast and place them in internment camps
during World War II in what famous case?
 Definition
Korematsu v. United States
Term
The ________ was applied to San Antonio, Texas, and as a result helped Latinos elect Mayor
Henry Cisneros.
 Definition
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Term
The ________ Amendment guaranteed suffrage to women
 Definition
Nineteenth
Term
The United States Constitution was changed by amendment to allow adult women throughout
the country the right to vote beginning in the presidential election of ________.
 Definition
1920
Term
The issue of traditional womenʹs jobs being paid considerably less than traditional menʹs jobs
requiring similar skills or effort is called ________.
 Definition
comparable worth
Term
What is meant by the principle of comparable worth?
 Definition
the issue raised when women who hold traditionally female jobs are paid less than men
for working at jobs requiring comparable skill
Term
Sexual harassment that is so pervasive as to create a hostile or abusive work environment is a
form of gender discrimination, which is forbidden by the ________.
 Definition
1964 Civil Rights Act
Term
The blind, deaf, and mobility-impaired were given new protection against employment
discrimination, and employers were required to make ʺreasonable accommodationsʺ to their
needs in the ________ of 1990.
 Definition
Americans with Disabilities Act
Term
The United States Supreme Courtʹs decision in the Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
case limited the scope of ________ programs, and severely restricted the use of set-aside
 Definition
affirmative action
Term
What was the significance of the Supreme Court case of Regents of the University of California v.
Bakke (1978)?
 Definition
the case in which the Supreme Court ruled that a state university could not admit less
qualified individuals solely because of their race; eliminated the use of quotas by state
governments
Term
In 1996, California voters passed ________, which banned state affirmative action programs
based on race, ethnicity, or gender in public hiring, contracting, and educational programs
 Definition
Proposition 209
Term
Historically, equality in American society has tended to emphasize equal results
 Definition
FALSE
Term
The word equality does not appear in the original Constitution
 Definition
TRUE
Term
The Bill of Rights does not refer to equality
 Definition
TRUE
Term
When proposition 209 was passed in California in 1996, it banned
 Definition
affirmative action in public hiring, contracting, and educational admissions
Term
Policies that extend basic rights to groups historically subject to discrimination are known as
 Definition
civil rights.
Term
Civil rights
 Definition
are policies that extend basic rights to groups historically subject to discrimination
Term
The phrase ʺall men are created equalʺ comes from the
 Definition
Declaration of Independence
Term
concept that everyone should have the same chance is called equality of
 Definition
opportunity
Term
American society generally emphasizes equal
 Definition
opportunity
Term
Fourteenth Amendment was one of three passed
 Definition
directly following the Civil War
Term
The Fourteenth Amendment specifically forbids the states from denying to anyone
 Definition
equal protection of the laws.
Term
The first and only place in which the idea of equality appears in the Constitution is in the
 Definition
Fourteenth Amendment
Term
The concept of equality before the law was introduced to the Constitution in the
 Definition
Fourteenth Amendment
Term
Over the last 100 years, the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment have become the vehicle
for
 Definition
expansive constitutional interpretation to outlaw arbitrary classifications which deny
equality under the law.
Term
Standards of review used by the Supreme Court in discrimination cases include all of the
following
 Definition
inherently suspect,reasonable, intermediate, between reasonable and inherently suspect,cautious.
Term
The courts have recently ruled that, under the Fourteenth Amendment, racial and ethnic
classifications by states in regard to any matter
 Definition
) are inherently suspect
Term
Classifications by race and ethnicity have now been ruled by the Court to be acceptable only in
 Definition
laws seeking to remedy previous discrimination
Term
Equal protection of the laws
 Definition
does not deny states treating classes of citizens differently if the classification is
reasonable.
Term
Supreme Court has ruled that racial and ethnic classifications are
 Definition
inherently suspect
Term
Classifications based on gender have been ruled to be ________ by the decisions of the Court
in the past several years
 Definition
somewhere between inherently suspect and reasonable
Term
The first African immigrants to America were
 Definition
kidnap victims
Term
In the case of ________, the Supreme Court ruled that a black man, slave or free, was ʺchattelʺ
and had no rights under a white manʹs government; it also ruled that Congress had no power
to ban slavery in the western territories.
 Definition
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Term
In the case of Dred Scott v. Sandford, the United States Supreme Court
 Definition
ruled that a black man, slave or free, was ʺchattel,ʺ and upheld slavery itself as
constitutional.
Term
The Dred Scott v. Sandford ruling was handed down by the Supreme Court
 Definition
a few years prior to the Civil War
Term
The ________ Amendment outlawed slavery in the United States
 Definition
Thirteenth
Term
The Thirteenth Amendment
 Definition
forbade slavery and involuntary servitude
Term
The Thirteenth Amendment was passed
 Definition
at the end of the Civil War.
Term
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), Chief Justice Taney declared that
 Definition
Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories
Term
Slavery was declared unconstitutional by the
 Definition
Thirteenth Amendment
Term
Jim Crow laws were those which
 Definition
were enacted by Southern whites in the late nineteenth century to segregate African
Americans from whites
Term
The Supreme Courtʹs decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson
 Definition
stated that the principle of separate but equal public facilities for African Americans was
constitutional.
Term
In the case of ________, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of races by law was
constitutional so long as the facilities that were separate were also equal
 Definition
Plessy v. Ferguson
Term
Jim Crow laws
 Definition
imposed legal segregation on African Americans in the South after the Civil War
Term
In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson
 Definition
the principle of ʺseparate but equalʺ was used to justify segregation
Term
The Brown v. Board of Education decision overturned the Supreme Courtʹs 1896 ruling in
 Definition
Plessy v. Ferguson
Term
In Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court
 Definition
ruled that school segregation was inherently unequal
Term
The Supreme Courtʹs ruling in Brown v. Board of Education was based on the legal argument
that segregation violated the ________ Amendment
 Definition
Fourteenth
Term
De facto educational segregation occurs
 Definition
by the reality of neighborhood schools located in areas that happen to be racially
segregated.
Term
De jure educational segregation occurs
 Definition
by law
Term
In the case of ________, the Supreme Court upheld federal court rulings ordering busing of
students to achieve racially balanced schools
 Definition
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg County Schools
Term
immediate reaction to Brown v. Board of Education (1954) was
 Definition
increased enrollment in private schools by whites in the South and a threat to close
public schools
Term
The case of Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg County Schools (1971)
 Definition
) permitted judges to achieve racially balanced schools through busing
Term
The one institution most responsible for putting civil rights goals on the nationʹs policy agenda
was
 Definition
the courts
Term
All of the following were tactics of the Civil Rights Movement
 Definition
marches,civil disobedience,
, sit-ins., bus boycotts.
Term
The Civil Rights Act of ________, the most important law since the Emancipation
Proclamation, made racial discrimination illegal in public accommodations throughout
America.
 Definition
1964
Term
The ________ Amendment, adopted in 1870, guaranteed the right of African Americans to vote
at least in principle.
 Definition
Fifteenth
Term
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
 Definition
Term
Suffrage refers to
 Definition
the legal right to vote.
Term
The white primary
 Definition
excluded blacks from primary elections, thus depriving them of a voice in the real
electoral contests in the South
Term
Native-American Indians were made citizens of the United States in
 Definition
1924
Term
The legal right to vote is referred to as
 Definition
suffrage
Term
The grandfather clause was passed by Oklahoma and other southern states to
 Definition
deny African Americans the right to vote
Term
The grandfather clause was ________ by the Supreme Court in the 1915 decision, Guinn v.
United States
 Definition
found unconstitutional and outlawed
Term
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
 Definition
guaranteed equal access to hotels, restaurants, and other public accommodations
Term
Blacks were first given the legal right to vote by the
 Definition
Fifteenth Amendment
Term
The Twenty-fourth Amendment, ratified in 1964
 Definition
prohibited the use of poll taxes in federal elections
Term
Poll taxes for federal elections were outlawed in the
 Definition
Twenty-fourth Amendment
Term
) One consequence of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was
 Definition
dramatic increase in the number of African Americans registered to vote
Term
The white primary
 Definition
excluded blacks from primary elections, thus depriving them of a voice in the real
electoral contests in the South
Term
Native-American Indians were made citizens of the United States in
 Definition
1924
Term
Hispanic Americans comprise approximately ________ percent of the United States
population
 Definition
14
Term
The fastest growing minority group in the United States is
 Definition
Asian Americans
Term
the case of Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court
 Definition
upheld the constitutionality of the removal of Japanese Americans from the west coast
and their placement in internment camps during World War II
Term
The Supreme Court case of Korematsu v. United States (1944)
 Definition
upheld the constitutionality of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War
II.
Term
The womenʹs rights movement was launched with the signing of the
 Definition
Seneca Falls Declaration
Term
ʺCovertureʺ
 Definition
was the legal doctrine that deprived married women of any identity separate from that
of their husbands
Term
The Nineteenth Amendment
 Definition
gave women the constitutional right to vote
Term
The ________ gave women the constitutional right to vote
 Definition
Nineteenth Amendment
Term
From about 1920-1960, the feminist movement
 Definition
was in a period of hibernation
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