"L'etat, c'est moi," the statement popularly attributed to Louis XIV, loosely translates as:

A) "Life is beautiful."

B) "What a state I'm in!"

C) "I have the power."

D) "I am the state."

ACt of Settlement of 1701 provided for the crown of England to go to the Protestant House of Hanover in _____ if Queen Anne died childless.

A) France.

B) Germany.

C) Scotland.

D) The Netherlands.

By the early 18th century, the kingdom whose political system afforded the greatest amount of self-rule to its subjects was:

A) England.

B) France.

C) Brandenburg-Prussia.

D) Austria.

E) Russia.

A) England.

The constitutional monarchy and the rule of law that resulted from the English Revolution of the 17th century guaranteed its subjects of France lived under an absolutist regime constructed by the Bourbon monarchy.

Compared with the Romanov Tsars, the Bourbon monarchs of France in the period 1600 - 1715.

A) Made less use of the Church and its expertise and influence.

B) Were less reliant on the nobility for their power.

C) Were more absolutist in their style of government.

D) Sought to expand their empire to a larger extent.

E) Were more committed to the primacy of the privileges and prerogatives of the nobility.

B) Were less reliant on the nobility for their power.

The Bourbon monarchs of France built the power of their state at the expense of the nobility and, thus, did not rely on them in the way the Romanovs did.

Compared with their counterparts in Russia, the English peasantry of the early 1700s:

A) Bore a greater tax burden.

B) Enjoyed less freedom of movement.

C) Had a greater chance of improving their social and economic position. 

D) Enjoyed less religious freedom.

E) Were more likely to live in towns.

C) Had a greater chance of improving their social and economic position.

The English peasantry of the early 1700s had a greater chance of improving their social and economic position because the English economy was much more developed and diverse than that of Russia, and because the English Revolution of the 17th century had curbed the power of the monarchy and the nobility and established the rule of law.

During the period from 1600 and 1715, the traditional social hierarchy of Europe came under pressure by all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) Continuous warfare.

B) Climate change resulting in series of bad harvests.

C) The rejection of religious practice by large numbers of people.

D) Increased trade and diversification of the economy.

E) The desire of monarchs to increase their power and authority.

C) The rejections of religious practice by large numbers of people.

No where in Europe during this period was there a large-scale rejection of religious practice: rather, the religious fervor that pitted Catholics against Protestants complicated the tensions created by the other four answers.

From 1649 to 1660, England was in fact controlled by Cromwell, but was officially a:

A) Direct democracy.

B) Constitutional monarchy.

C) Absolute monarchy.

D) Puritan republic.

In the 17th century:

A) Political absolutism emerged in England, while parliamentary monarchy developed in France.

B) Political absolutism emerged in France, while parliamentary monarchy developed in England.

C) Enlightened despotism characterized the monarchs of both France and England.

D) None of these answers.

In the 17th-century Netherlands, more people lived _____ than in any other area of Europe.

A) In rural areas.

B) On large collective farms.

C) In towns.

D) In cities.

In the last years of his reign, Charles II:

A) Had a rather cooperative arrangement with Parliament.

B) Did not call Parliament.

C) Depended on the Dutch king for financial support.

D) Had a cooperative arrangement with business corporations. 

In the period 1600 - 1716, the English had the greatest success in resisting the absolutist designs of their monarchs for all of the following reason EXCEPT:

A) The nobility forged an alliance with a wealthy and powerful merchant and professional class.

B) The English nobility was the most powerful in all of Europe.

C) The Parliament was an old and respected institution.

D) The Stuart monarchs were perceived to have Catholic leanings and sympathies.

E) The English economy was well-developed and diversified.

B) The English nobility was the most powerful in all of Europe.

The wealth and power of the English nobility as a class was in DECLINE as the economy became more diversified and new forms of wealth created an economically strong middle-class.

Louis XIV's repressive religious policies came to include suppression of the Jansenists, who were:

A) A Catholic group opposed to the powerful Jesuits.

B) French Calvinists.

C) A radical Huguenot faction.

D) A heretical sect related to the earlier to the Albigensians.

Officially recognized non-Muslim religious communities in the Ottoman Empire faced all the following restrictions EXCEPT:

A) That they couldn't wear certain colors.

B) That they could not have larger residences than Muslims.

C) That they could not serve in the military.

D) That they couldn't have their own separate houses of worship.

Officially, recognize non-Muslim religious communities in the Ottoman Empire could do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Manage their own internal community affairs.

B) Serve in the administration of the empire.

C) Practice their religion.

D) Achieve great economic success.

Peter the Great was able to expand and modernize Russia's military establishment by:

A) Imitating successful Western European methods and models.

B) Temporarily handing substantial control of the military over to Prussian advisors.

C) Allowing military commanders a greater degree of control than they had before.

D) Tapping into the previously neglected intellectual resources of Russia's educated elite.

The English Parliament During the period from 1600 to 1715:

A) Was a relatively new institution.

B) Was exclusively an institution of the nobility.

C) Was an institution opposed to monarchy.

D) Was the institution in which nobles, merchants, and professionals formed an alliance to oppose the absolutist goals of the Stuart monarchs.

E) Was in favor of a one-man, one-vote system of democracy.

D) Was the institution in which nobles, merchants, and professionals formed an alliance to oppose the absolutist goals of the Stuart monarchs.

The existence of Parliament as an institution that mixed traditional nobility with newly wealthy merchants and professionals allowed for an alliance between the two to form in opposition to Stuart absolutist designs.

The Fronde was:

A) The hated yearly tax collection in France.

B) A trade association for the promotion of mercantilism.

C) A rebellion of the French nobility against the monarchy.

D) A royal law court under Louis XIV, centered at Versailles.

C) A rebellion of the French nobility against the monarchy.

The Fronde was not financial in nature.

The German-landed nobility of this time were known as:

A) Jesuits.

B) Janissaries.

C) Junkers.

D) Jansenists.

The Test Act of 1672:

A) Was passed by Parliament.

B) Was aimed at Charles II's brother, the future James II.

C) Required all subjects to swear an oath against the doctrine of transubstantiation.

D) All of these answers.

The War of the Spanish Succession began in 1701 after Charles II of Spain died, leaving the throne to Philip V, who was:

A) Also in line to become Holy Roman emperor.

B) A grandson of Louis XIV.

C) A nephew of James II of England.

D) The last of the Spanish Habsburgs.

The reign of Peter the Great of Russia (1682 - 1725) resulted in:

A) The abolition of the Russian Orthodox Church.

B) The territorial expansion of the Russian Empire.

C) The weakening of serfdom.

D) A decrease in the tax burden on poor peasants.

E) The emergence of a wealthy middle class.

B) The territorial expansion of the Russian Empire.

The territorial holdings of the Russian Empire were greatly expanded under Peter the Great.

The single most important factor in explaining the need of central and eastern European monarchs and nobles to reach compromises on the issue of sovereignty during the period from 1600 to 1715 was:

A) The lack of religiosity in the people.

B) The lack of ambitious monarchs.

C) The existence of strong peasant movements.

D) The lack of strong armies.

E) The lack of a well-developed middle class of merchants and professionals.

E) The lack of a well-developed middle class of merchants and professionals.

The key to successfully building or resisting a powerful centralized state in this period was the degree to which the monarchs or nobles could forge an alliance with and utilize the talents and wealth of a merchant middle class. Therefore, the lack of such a class forced compromise in the central and eastern kingdoms.

The start of the long decline of the Ottoman Empire was signaled by the Ottoman's defeat at:

A) Lepanto.

B) Azov.

C) Vienna.

D) Constantinople. 

True or False?

Built from the 11th through the 16th centuries, the Ottoman Empire was the largest and most stable political entity to arise in or around Europe since the Roman Empire.

True or False?

Louis XIV dominated the nobility completely.

False.

His dominance was not complete; especially on the local level, nobles retained some power. 

True or False?

Many people believed it was better to be a slave of the Ottoman sultan than a free subject.

True.

All the highest-ranking military and government officials were technically slaves.

True or False?

The Dutch came to dominate the East Asian spice trade.

True or False?

The English monarchs of this period were all recognized as dedicated Protestants.

True or False?

The revocation of the Edict of Nantes came as a complete surprise.

While the major European nations in the 17th and 18th centuries developed strong central governments, the Netherlands was formally a:

A) Direct democracy.

B) Confederation.

C) Dictatorship of the proletariat.

D) Republic.

_____ became a byword in Europe for the dangers of aristocratic independence.

A) Switzerland.

B) The Netherlands.

C) Poland.

D) Austria.

Under Louis XIV, the rising central monarchy exercised direct control over the entire nation, at all levels.

True or False?

False.

This is an old, discredited, historical interpretation.

At a time when other European governments were involved in their own internal religious conflicts, the Netherlands:

A) Was a haven of religious toleration in Europe.

B) Experienced no religious conflict, because almost the entire populace was Calvinist.

C) Tolerated Protestants of all stripes, but systematically excluded Catholics.

D) Outdid the rest in the harshness of its persecution of non-Calvinist religious minorities.

A) Was a haven of religious toleration in Europe.

The Dutch economic prosperity of the 17th century was made possible by all of the following EXCEPT:

A) An overseas commercial empire.

B) Advanced industry.

C) High urban consolidation.

D) Extensive trade and finance.

B) Advanced industry.

The monarchies that achieved absolute rule were those that built and independent and secure:

A) Financial base.

B) Base of popular support.

C) Royal residence.

D) Military force.

A) Financial base.

At this time, the British Parliament met:

A) Once a year.

B) Whenever the king called it.

C) Every three years.

D) Whenever its members felt the need.

B) Whenever the king called it.

America.

North America.

Plymouth.

Massachusetts.

Massachusetss Bay.

The New World.

Any acceptable.

James I

James VI

James

Any acceptable.

English Protestants suspected James I of pro-Catholic sympathies for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A) His visit to see Pope Gregory XV in Rome in 1622.

B) His unsuccessful attempt to relax penal laws against Catholics.

C) His son Charles's marriage to a French Catholic princess in 1625.

D) His concluding peace with Catholic Spain in 1604.

Parliament emerged victories from the English Civil War because:

A) The king had no support from the English people.

B) France intervened in favor of Parliament.

C) Parliament had the law on its side.

D) of the Scottish alliance and Cromwell's military reforms.

The Clarendon Code was a serious of laws which:

A) proposed complete religious toleration as desired by Charles II.

B) excluded Roman Catholics, Presbyterians, and Independents from English political life.

C) joined Ireland, England, and Scotland in the formation of Great Britain.

D) None of these answers.

B) excluded Roman Catholics, Presbyterians, and Independents from English political life.

Parliament invited William of Orange to invade England to preserve its "traditional liberties," meaning:

A) hereditary monarchy and Puritanism.

B) Religious toleration and monarchial absolutism.

C) English common law and trial by jury.

D) the Anglican church and parliamentary government.

Serving under the first Hanoverian king of England, George I, Sir Robert Walpole is considered England's first ____.

A) Archbishop of Canterbury.

B) Lord Great Chamberlain.

C) Chancellor of the exchequer.

D) Prime minister. 

By the 18th century, the factors limiting the power of the British monarch - many of which did not trouble other European rulers - included all of the following EXCEPT:

A) a highly educated populace.

B) having no large standing army.

C) flourishing free speech and public debate.

D) significant religious toleration.

A) a highly educated populace.

An important source of aristocratic authority in France was in the regional judicial bodies called:

A) parliaments

B) parisiennes.

C) parleys.

D) parlements.

When completed, the palace at Versailles was the largest manmade structure in Europe.

True or False?

False.

It was the largest secular (as opposed to religious) structure in Europe. 

With its powerful army and large treasury, the main foreign policy goal of France under Louis XIV, in the authors' view, was to:

A) return England to the Catholic fold by offering covert support for English Catholic uprisings.

B) engage in aggressive territorial expansion through conquest.

C) secure its international boundaries against external threats.

D) offer to buy land from neighboring regimes on lucrative terms, backed up by the treat of military force.

C) secure its international boundaries against external threats.

Persecution of French Protestants in the wake of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes included all of the following EXCEPT:

A) taking away the children of unrepentant Protestants.

B) sentencing to hard labor Protestants who would not convert to Catholicism.

C) the shuttering of Protestant schools and churches.

D) the exile of Protestant ministers.

A) taking away the children of unrepentant Protestants.

The revocation of the Edict of Nantes was a mistake because:

A) it inflamed anti-French sentiment among Protestants across Europe.

B) it cost France the support of the pope.

C) it alienated French Catholics as well as Protestants.

D) the cost of the ensuing repression drained the French treasury.

A) it inflamed anti-French sentiment among Protestants across Europe.

The Hapsburgs managed to hold together their diverse and far-flung empire through the common bond of Catholicism.

True or False?

False.

Not even Catholicism was effective as a common bond.

_____ priorities dominated Prussian government and society more than in any other European state.

A) Religious

B) Social

C) Military

D) Economic

C) Military

The general recognition in Europe of the unity of the Habsburg lands was violated in 1740 when ____ of Prussia invaded Silesia, setting in motion over a century of Austrian-Prussian rivalry.

A) Frederick I

B) Frederick II

C) Frederick William the Great Elector

D) Frederick William I

For almost half of Peter the Great's 43-year reign, Russia was at war with:

A) the Holy Roman Empire.

B) The Habsburg Empire.

C) Sweden.

D) the Ottoman Empire.

C) Sweden.

Peter the Great took all of the following steps to modernize the Russian state and make it a player in Europe EXCEPT:

A) conquering territory on the Baltic Sea to give Russia a warm-water port.

B) Relocating the Russian capital to the more westward-oriented St. Petersburg.

C) Establishing administrative colleges and a table of ranks intended to draw the nobility into state service.

D) allying himself with the power and wealth of the Russian Orthodox Church and its patriarch.

The Ottoman ruler's close collaboration with Islamic religious authorities ensured the empire's vitality and success well into the modern era.

True or False?

False.

The opposite was true. The sultans were pressured by religious scholars to maintain traditional ways of life even as the empire faced a rapidly modernizing Europe.

The medieval preoccupation with rank and degree diminished during the 18th century.

True or False?

False.

If anything, it increased.

Privileges granted to certain communities might include the right to practice a trade or craft.

True or False?

The British nobility differed from the French nobility in that:

A) the French nobility paid direct taxes and had no significant legal privileges.

B) the English aristocracy was very active socially and politically.

C) the French nobility no longer enjoyed hereditary priveleges.

D) None of these.

B) the English aristocracy was very active socially and politically.

The taille and corvèes were taxes and forced labor, respectively.

True or False?

Prince Esterhazy was the wealthiest aristocrat in Austria and Hungary.

True or False?

The violence of peasant rebellions was usually directed at particular landowners.

True or False?

False.

Peasants were more likely to attack property than people.

One of the clearest examples of aristocratic domination in the 18th century was:

A) control and manipulation of the game laws.

B) writing laws without the sanction of a representative body.

C) control of the jury system.

D) failure to be prosecuted for tax evasion.

A) control and manipulation of the game laws.

The family economy was stable, especially in the early 18th century.

True or False?

The 18th century saw a leveling off in the numbers of children admitted to foundling homes.

True or False?

False.

The number of abandoned children grew dramatically.

Charles Townsend developed the idea of crop rotation.

True or False?

Eastern Europe's Agricultural Revolution was just as dramatic as Western Europe's, though it happened a few decades later. 

True or False?

False.

In Eastern Europe, land ownership patterns discouraged innovation.

The Industrial Revolution changed Europe's economy as quickly as the French Revolution changed France's politics.

True or False?

False.

The Industrial Revolution unfolded over decades.

The "putting out" system involved the:

A) intensive scheduling of serfs.

B) mercantilist policies of several European governments.

C) production of grain from the three-field system.

D) organization of peasants to spin wool into thread.

The land was not a primary source of middle-class income.

True or False?

Generally, the emerging middle class feared those below them in society and resented those above them.

True or False?

The largest concentrations of Jews lived in:

A) Germany, Austria, and Poland.

B) Germany, Poland, and Russia.

C) Poland, Lithuania, and the Ukraine.

D) Germany, Austria, and the Ukraine.

C) Poland, Lithuania, and the Ukraine.

Jews were always granted special protections by monarchs who needed their financial skills.

True or False?

False.

While Jews were sometimes given special protection by monarchs, it was because the political structure would grant them no rights otherwise.

Samuel Oppenheimer was a Jew who helped financed Vienna's defense against the Turks.

True or False?

While Jews could be discriminated against in many ways, their property was secure.

True or False?

False.

Jewish property could be confiscated.

The four main social groups in Old Regime Europe were aristocratic elites, established churches, an urban labor force, and rural peasants.

True or False?

Peasants called for a restoration of customary rights because such rights:

A) distinguished peasants from serfs.

B) were necessary for entrance into universites.

C) were in keeping with Enlightenment principles favored by the nobility.

D) provided them with access to particular lands and courts.

The cities that grew most vigorously were capitals and ports.

True or False?

A striking feature of the Old Regime was the:

A) contrasting experience of people of different social ranks.

B) predominance of large extended families in society.

C) great difference between the French and English nobility.

D) strength and unity of European monarchies.

A) contrasting experience of people of different social ranks.

Jews lived in most nations and were allowed the rights and privileges of all other citizens.

True or False?

False.

Jews were regarded as a kind of resident aliens whose residence might well be temporary or changed at the whim of rulers.

More than 75& of Europeans lived in the countryside.

True or False?

Peasants rebelled against:

A) unjust officials.

B) extraordinarily brutal overseers and landlords.

C) unfair pricing.

D) all of these things.

Balkan peasants under the Ottoman Empire retained more independence than Eastern European serfs.

True or False?

In preindustrial Europe, the role of women was:

A) relatively obscure and unknown.

B) to contribute essential capital and labor to the household.

C) rather unimportant since the household revolved around men.

D) consigned to bearing and rearing children.

B) to contribute essential capital and labor to the household.

Which of these factors encouraged English landlords to adopt technological innovations in agriculture?

A) The frequency of peasant rebellions.

B) The high cost of peasant labor.

C) A steady increase in the price of grain.

D) A paternalistic interest in improving peasants' well-being.

C) A steady increase in the price of grain.

Persons in one class or occupation were forbidden by law from wearing clothes like those worn by their social superiors.

True or False?

The enclosure movement:

A) led to technological improvements that became the basis of the Industrial Revolution.

B) increased landlord paternalism but also increased food production.

C) reflected the commercialization of agriculture.

D) depopulated the countryside, but also increased food production.

C) reflected the commercialization of agriculture.

During the 18th century, which of the following was NOT a contributing factor to Britain's industrial development?

A) Rich deposits of coal and iron.

B) Generally low taxes.

C) Few internal trade barriers.

D) London fashions and styles.

B) Generally low taxes.

British reliance on charcoal helped iron production expand rapidly.

True or False?

False.

Iron production increased rapidly only when coke replaced charcoal in the production process.

In the eighteenth century, poverty was:

A) treated as a crime.

B) worse in the cities.

C) worse in the countryside.

D) almost nonexistent.

C) worse in the countryside.

The middle class was clearly defined.

True or False?

False.

They were defined mostly by what they weren't: upper class or poor.

Bread riots were:

A) a restraint on merchant greed.

B) a rational response to the economy of scarcity.

C) led by artisans.

D) all of these things.

Which was NOT true of the nobility?

A) The nobility constituted approximately one to five percent of the population in any given country.

B) The nobility was the single wealthiest sector of the population.

C) The nobility had their own separate houses in parliament, estates, or diet.

D) The nobility were heavily taxed.

Between 1700 and 1850, Europe's population more than doubled.

True or False?

The home of the Industrial Revolution was:

A) France.

B) Great Britain.

C) the Ottoman Empire.

D) Germany.

B) Great Britain.