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| Extra money not otherwise occupied. |
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| Named after the poem by Rudyard Kipling. A form of racist patronizing that preached that the "superior" Westerners had an obligation to bring Western culture and customs to "uncivilized" locales. |
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| An application of Darwin's theory of natural selection that stated that some nations were more fit to rule than others. |
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| In 1857, native troops, believing that they would have to go against their religious beliefs by biting cartridges greased with cow or pig fat, rebelled against their Indian overlords and the British East India Company. Brought British administration to the Indian subcontinent. |
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| Also known as the Anglo-Chinese wars. Took place when China sought to restrict illegal British opium trafficking. Consisted of the First Opium War from 1839 to 1842 and the Second Opium War from 1856 to 1860. |
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| A Communist who lead Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia) to independence in a guerila war that lasted from 1947 to 1954. |
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| Ended in 1962. Led to Algerian independence and the mass exodus of French settlers. |
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| Returned to India from South Africa in 1916. Used passive, nonviolent resistance to help India attain independence in 1948. |
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| Sponsored by the United States in 1899 in order to open commerce to imperial latecomers like itself. Urged the Europeans to allow free trade with China while respecting its territorial integrity. |
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| A patriotic uprising by Chinese nationalists against Western encroachment. Put down by the imperial powers in 1900. |
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| The control of overseas colonies by imperialist powers. Shaken by World War I and collapsed in the decade following World War II. |
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| 1904 to 1905. Russia and Japan fought over territorial expansion in East Asia; the Japanese won. |
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| Held in 1885. Divided Africa among the European nations, at least on paper. |
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